Ngakhale kuti kachilombo ka HIV sikasankha pakati pa amai ndi abambo, pali kusiyana kwakukulu koopsa ndi zizindikiro za HIV mwa amayi. Malingana ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , amayi amawerengera 23 peresenti ya matenda opatsirana kachirombo ka HIV ku United States. Ofufuzawo, osachepera theka amathandizidwa ndi chisamaliro, pamene osachepera atatu mwa atatu amatha kukhala ndi chiwerengero cha mavairasi osadziwika. kupambana mankhwala.
Ziwerengero zimakhudza kwambiri poyerekeza ndi akazi ndi mafuko. Mwachitsanzo, amayi a ku Africa kuno ali gulu lachinayi lachangu kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi HIV amuna awo.
Komanso, amayi amitundu amawerengera 50 peresenti ya matenda onse atsopano pakati pa anthu a zaka zapakati pa 13 ndi 19, kutanthauza kuti ali ndi kachilombo kocheperapo kusiyana ndi amuna omwe amawadwala.
Momwemonso, kachilombo ka HIV lero ndikumayambiriro kwachisanu ndi chiwiri chomwe chimayambitsa imfa kwa amayi a African American ndi Latino pakati pa 25 ndi 44.
Vuto la Akazi
Pali zovuta ku HIV zomwe zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi amayi ndipo zimawerengera kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi padziko lonse. Zikuphatikizapo:
- Zowonongeka kwa chilengedwe zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri pa kachilombo ka HIV chifukwa cha chiwerengero chachikulu cha abambo ndi chiberekero. Izi zokha zimapereka mwayi wopeza HIV mosavuta kudzera m'matenda ovuta kwambiri omwe amamatira kachilombo ka HIV. Chotsatira chake, amai amawiri kawiri kuti apeze kachilombo ka HIV kusiyana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
- Kusayenerera kwa amuna ndi akazi kumathandiza amayi omwe ali pachiopsezo powavulaza ndi ufulu wawo wodziletsa. Kusayeruzika pa ntchito ndi maphunziro kumapangitsa kuti mavutowa athe kuwonjezereka, kuwapangitsa amayi kudalira kwambiri thandizo la ndalama kuchokera kwa amuna omwe angakhale achiwawa kapena achiwawa.
- Kusiyanasiyana kwa mafuko kungapangitsenso vutoli ndi umphaŵi wambiri, kutsekeredwa m'ndende, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa mliriwu (makamaka m'madera a ku Africa Ammwera omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV). Kuperewera kwa thanzi la anthu ndi kusowa kwa ma ARV wothandizira kumayendetsa ambiri kuchoka ku chisamaliro chomwe akusowa.
- Akazi oponderezedwa ndi abambo amatha kuchita zinthu zoopsa monga abwenzi ambiri ogonana, kugonana kosakondomu, kapena kugonana ndi mankhwala.
- Matenda opatsirana pogonana monga syphilis ndi gonorrhea nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuti azindikire amayi, kuwaika pa chiopsezo chachikulu cha kachilombo ka HIV chifukwa cha zilonda kapena zilonda zotseguka zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasowa.
Komanso, amayi amapewa kapena kuchepetsa chisamaliro chachipatala chifukwa cha zovuta zachuma pomwe amapereka zosowa zawo zachipatala kwa ana awo.
Chimene Chingachitike
Pali njira zingapo zomwe zakhazikitsidwa pofuna kuthana ndi zosowa za amayi omwe ali pachiopsezo cha HIV. Izi zikuphatikizapo ndondomeko zoyenerera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi amayi omwe ali ndi maonekedwe omwe ali oyenerera zaka komanso azisamaliro.
Kuchokera kuchipatala, mamiliyoni akhala akufufuza kuti apange tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe angapereke chitetezo "chosachiwoneka" kuchokera ku HIV ngati okondedwa athu akukana kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu. Kuyesera kwaposachedwapa kwapangidwanso kukonzanso chiwongoladzanja pa kondomu ya akazi powonjezera kapangidwe ndi chitonthozo cha chipangizochi.
Kwa amayi omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, akuyesetsa kuti agwirizane ndi chithandizo cha umoyo wathanzi ndi chisamaliro cha HIV kuti atsimikizire kuti matendawa amapezeka ndipo amayi amasungidwa mosamala.
> Zotsatira:
> Abdool Karim, Q .; Abdool Karim, S .; Frohlich, J. et al. "Kugwira Ntchito ndi Kutetezeka Gel Tenofovir, Antiretroviral Microbicide, pofuna Kuteteza HIV ku Akazi." Sayansi. 2010; 329 (5996): 1168-74.
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. 'Kuwunika Zosankha Zomwe Zitetezedwe ku HIV ndi Zomwe Zisamalidwe Zolinga Zogwiritsira Ntchito Zowonetsera HIV . " HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report 2016; 21 (4): 1-86.