Mliri wa matenda opatsirana pogonana (STD) ku United States ukukwera. Kuyambira chaka cha 2013 mpaka 2014 yokha, chiwerengero cha matenda a syphilis chinayambira pa 56,482 mpaka 63,450, pamene matenda a gonorrheal akhala akuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka kuyambira 2009.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuti chiwerengero cha milandu ya chlamydia yawonjezeka kawiri pa zaka 10, kuyambira 929,462 mu 2004 kufika pa 1,441,789 pofika mu 2014.
Ngakhale kudziwika kuti matenda opatsirana pogonana amatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha munthu kuti adziwe kachilombo ka HIV, anthu ambiri samvetsetsa chifukwa chake izi ndi njira zomwe matenda opatsirana pogonana amatha kukhalira mosavuta chifukwa cha zochitika zowopsa . Chifukwa chakuti matenda ambiriwa sadziwa zambiri zimangowonjezera kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Ngakhale n'zoonekeratu kuti matenda opatsirana ndi zilonda zam'mimba monga syphilis-omwe amatha kuwonekera ndi zilonda zotseguka pamimba - zimapereka njira yosavuta yopezera kachirombo ka HIV, pafupifupi 20% aliwonse alibe zilonda. Komanso, zilonda za syphilitic mu rectum kapena chiberekero nthawi zambiri zimasowa kapena zosamvetsetseka, kupanga mawindo a kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo kwa nthawi yoyamba (pafupifupi masabata 3-6).
Koma kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti matenda opatsirana ngati ululu ngati syphilis ali "oipitsitsa" kuposa ma ARV ena pankhani ya HIV? Tiyeni tione zifukwa zitatu zomwe zingakhale zovuta.
Matenda opatsirana pogonana "Akuwombola" Maselo a HIV kuti akwaniritse
Nthawi zonse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (mwachitsanzo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda) timalowa mu thupi, chitetezo cha mthupi chidzawongolera nthawi yomweyo. Kutupa kumachitika kokha chifukwa chakuti chitetezo cha mthupi chimathamangidwira kumtunda, kutulutsa maselo ochuluka a chitetezo cha mthupi kuti azipatula ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
M'magulu amtunduwu, monga matenda opatsirana pogonana, maselo otetezera monga CD4 ndi CD8 T-maselo amaloledwa kutsogolo. CD4 T-maselo ndi maselo othandizira omwe amatsogolera CD8 T-maselo "opha" kuti asokoneze tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Izi ndizoti maselo omwe amatanthauza kuti awonongeke-CD4 maselo-ndiwo omwe amakondwera kwambiri ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Choncho, mphamvu zowopsa kwambiri za matendawa, maselo ofunika kwambiri amawatenga ndipo nthawi zambiri kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kulowa mkati mwa chitetezo cha mthupi.
Ndichifukwa chake ngakhale mabakiteriya omwe ali pansi pa chifuwa cha mbolo amatha kuonjezera mwayi wopezera kachilombo ka HIV chifukwa chiwerengero cha mabakiteriya chikhoza kumangowonjezera chitetezo cha mthupi.
Choncho ngakhale ngati matenda opatsirana pogonana sakuwoneka bwino m'thupi mwawo, kachilomboka kapena mmero, maselo akuluakulu a chitetezo kumalo opatsirana amapereka kachilombo ka HIV mwayi waukulu, makamaka ngati kachilombo kamatayika.
Matenda opatsirana pogonana amachulukitsa chiwerengero cha kachilombo koyambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana
Mofananamo kuti matenda opatsirana pogonana angakulitse chiopsezo cha munthu ku HIV, matenda opatsirana pogonana amatha kuonjezera chiopsezo cha munthu chowapatsira ena. Kutupa ndi, kachiwiri, chifukwa chachikulu, momwe maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi amatumizidwa molimba mtima ku malo a chiopsezo.
Izi zikachitika, njira yotchedwa "kukhetsa HIV" ikhoza kuchitika. Izi zikutanthawuzidwa kuti kubwezeretsa mwadzidzidzi kwa HIV, yomwe ili mpaka pano, ikukhala m'malo osungira ma cell . Chifukwa cha kukhetsa uku, kachilombo ka HIV katsopano kamene kamatha kuwonjezeka ndikupatsirana m'madzi madzi ndi umuna, kuwonjezeka mu chiwerengero chachikulu kuposa zomwe zingachitike popanda matenda opatsirana pogonana.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2008 kuchokera ku yunivesites ya Cape Town School of Public Health and Family Medicine, kachilombo koyambitsa HIV kamatulutsa kachilombo kawiri kawiri chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana pogonana kapena chlamydial.
Choipa kwambiri, chikhoza kuchita ngati munthu akuchiritsidwa HIV kapena ayi.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti, pokhala ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana, munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV akhoza kukhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa m'mimba mwachisawawa ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha mavairasi m'magazi awo chikuletsedwa.
Ma ARV ena angayambitse HIV kuti "ayambirane"
Chimodzi mwa zolinga zoyamba za mankhwala opatsirana pogonana (ART) ndikuteteza kachilombo ka HIV mosavuta. Pochita zimenezi, munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV sangawathandize kwambiri. Ndipotu, kafukufuku wambiri amaonetsa kuti munthu wodwala kachilombo ka HIV amakhala oposa 90 peresenti yochepetsera kachilombo ka HIV, yemwe alibe kachirombo ka HIV ngati ali ndi ART.
Komabe, ngati munthu ameneyo ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV (mwachitsanzo, kubwerera mwadzidzidzi kwa ntchito ya HIV), chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka chikhoza kuwonjezeka mwadzidzidzi.
Malinga ndi ofufuza a ANRS a France (National Agency for AIDS ndi Hepatitis Research), anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotengera kachilombo ka HIV ngati pafupifupi 200%. Kawirikawiri, matenda opatsirana pogonana amayamba kuwonjezeka kuwonjezeka kwa mavalasi asanu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Izi zimaphatikizapo amuna pa ART, opondereza kwambiri, ndipo amapezeka mosasamala za msinkhu, kugonana, kapena chidziwitso cha chitetezo cha mthupi (monga chiwerengero cha CD4 count ).
Izi zikuwunikira kufunika kokhala ndi chiopsezo choteteza syphilis, makamaka amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) omwe amawerengera 83% za matenda a syphilis amuna ndipo 30% mwa onse omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV ku US.
Ngakhale kuti palibe mgwirizano pakati pa matenda ena opatsirana pogonana komanso chiopsezo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chiopsezo chomwe chikupitirirabe chikhalabe chachikulu mwa anthu osatengedwera HIV.
Zotsatira:
Zachigawo za US za Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC). "Matenda Opatsirana Mwachiwerewere - Nkhani Zowonongeka ndi Mtengo wa Nkhani Zowonongeka pa 100,000 Population, United States, 1941-2014." Atlanta, Georgia; Tsamba likusinthidwa November 17, 2015.
Johnson, L. ndi Lewis, D. "Zotsatira za matenda opatsirana pogonana pa kachilombo ka HIV kowonongeka mu chiwalo chogonana: kuwonongeka mwatsatanetsatane ndi kusanthula meta." Matenda Opatsirana pogonana . November 2008; 35 (11): 946-959.
Chun, H ;; Mmisiri wamatabwa, R .; Macalino, G ;; et al. "Udindo wa Matenda opatsirana pogonana mu HIV-1 Kupititsa patsogolo: Kupenda Kwambiri kwa Mabuku." Journal of Matenda Ogonana. May 28, 2012; Vol 2013; Nkhani ID 176459: 1-15.
Jarzebowski, W .; Caumes, E ;; Dupin, N .; et al. "Mmene kachilombo ka HIV kamayambira ku HIV ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo a CD4 m'thupi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV: zotsatira za gulu la FHDH-ANRS CO4." Archives of Internal Medicine. September 10, 2012; 172 (16): 1237-1243. .