Kufufuza Bwino Kwambiri Matenda Odziletsa Osiya Kugonana
Malingana ndi National Institute on Drug Abuse, mphindi 25 iliyonse mwana wabadwa akuchotsedwa ndi opioid. Kuchokera kwa opioid kwa ana ndiwo vuto ladziko lomwe limakhudza mabanja, makanda, ndi okhomera msonkho.
Kodi Matenda Omwe Amadziletsa Kugonana Ndi Otani?
Kuchokera kwa opioid kumachitika pamene mwana wabadwa kale ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pamene ali ndi mimba.
Mwanayo atabadwa, iye sakulandira mankhwalawa kupyolera mwa mayi, kotero mwanayo amatha kupyolera muthupi. Izi zimatchedwa matenda opatsirana pogonana kapena NAS.
Mayi angathe kufotokozera mwana wake wosabadwa kuti abweretse mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga heroin, codeine, oxycodone kapena Oxycontin, Vicodin, methadone ndi buprenorphine, pamene ali ndi mimba zosiyanasiyana.
Mwamwayi, NAS yakhala ikuwonjezeka pazaka zambiri, kasanu ndi kawiri chiwerengero cha ana mu 2012 poyerekeza ndi 2000, pamene ana 21,732 anabadwa ndi matenda. Kenaka, mu 2015, chiŵerengero cha ana osokoneza bongo chinayambiranso. Ku Ohio, mwachitsanzo, panali ana okwana 159 omwe anabadwa osokoneza bongo patsiku lililonse lobadwa ndi 10,000. Nambala imeneyo inali eyiti kuposa kuposa mu 2005.
Mitengo ya NAS imasiyanasiyana ndi boma, komabe imadziwikanso kuti amayi omwe ali m'madera osungira ndalama komanso amayi omwe ali ndi mimba yosakonzekera amakhala ndi ma olasidi apamwamba pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba.
Azimayi ena akupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito opioid musanazindikire kuti ali ndi pakati ndipo sangathe kuima chifukwa cha chizoloŵezi chawo.
Kodi Mavuto Otani Amayamba Chifukwa Chodziletsa Kugonana?
NAS ili ndi zotsatira za nthawi zonse kwa mabanja, makanda, ndi anthu. Ana omwe amabadwa ndi NAS amakhala ovuta kwambiri monga matenda ochepa obadwa kubadwa ndi kupuma kwa mavuto omwe amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera.
Iwo amakhalanso ochuluka kwambiri kubadwa poyamba (asanakhale milungu 37), zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta paokha.
Zizindikiro za NAS zimaphatikizapo kukhumudwa, kupweteka kwambiri kapena kulira kwambiri, kuvutika, kugona, kukhumudwa, kutenthetsa, kupweteka, kusanza, ndi zotayirira. Zotsatira za kuchotsa zimayambitsanso thukuta, kutaya madzi, kutentha thupi, kutentha thupi, kupuma mofulumira, ndi khungu loyera, pamene thupi lawo likulimbana ndi kusowa kwa mankhwala m'thupi lawo. Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro zoopsa za NAS zimaonekera pakati pa maola 24 ndi 48 atabadwa.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, ana a NAS amakhalanso ndi mavuto a zachipatala, khalidwe, ndi chitukuko. Ana omwe ali ndi ma opiates m'mimba amatha kuona masewera osauka, amachepetsa chidziwitso ndi chitukuko cha motor, chisokonezo, kuchepa kwa matenda, komanso kukumbukira. Ngati mwanayo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a methadone, opiate wamba, amakhalanso ndi mavuto pakati pa khutu la pakati, zomwe zingayambitse kumva kutayika, zomwe zimakhudza chitukuko cha chinenero.
Chifukwa chakuti ana a NAS amakhalanso ndi thanzi labwino komanso amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala, amakhalanso kuchipatala motalika kuposa mwana wamba, zomwe zimayendetsa mtengo wa chisamaliro chawo.
Mwachitsanzo, mu 2012, ana obadwa a NAS anakhala masiku 16.9 poyerekeza ndi masiku 2.1 a ana obadwa bwino. Mtengo wosamalira mwana mmodzi yekha ndi NAS umawononga $ 66,700, pamene kusamalira ana obadwa bwino kumawononga madola 3,500. Ndalama zochuluka za chisamaliro cha ana awa zidalipidwa ndi ndondomeko za boma za Medicaid, ndipo ndalama zokwana madola 1.5 biliyoni zimakhala zokwanira.
Kuchiza kwa NAS
Kuti athetse ana ndi NAS, madokotala ayenera kuwapatsa kagawo kakang'ono ka opioids kuti asunge matupi awo ang'onoang'ono kuti asakhale ndi mavuto ochulukirapo kuchoka pa kuchotsedwa. Izi zimathandiza ogwira ntchito zachipatala kuwatsitsa pang'onopang'ono mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe adzizoloŵera.
Amaonetsetsanso kuti anawo ali m'chipinda chokhala ndi zipangizo zowala komanso zolimbitsa thupi kuti asapitirire. Chithandizo chonse cha NAS chingatenge masabata asanu ndi limodzi.
Mtsinje
Ntchito ya opioid panthawi yoyembekezera ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limapitirizabe kukhudza ana ambiri obadwa kudutsa ku United States. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito opioid panthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba kungapangitse mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto lodziletsa kubereka komanso ali ndi mavuto ambiri omwe amakhalapo nthawi yomweyo.
Tsoka ilo, NAS ndi yovuta kugonjetsa chifukwa amayi omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo akakhala ndi mimba amavutika kupeza thandizo. Ngakhale kugwira ntchito ndi dokotala kungathandize iwo kupeza njira yothandizira kuti athetse mankhwala osokoneza bongo, akhoza kuwopa kuti ataya mwana wawo kapena kuti azitsutsidwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
> Zotsatira:
> Barfield, W., (2016, August). Vuto ndi matenda oletsa kubereka. Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. https://www.cdc.gov/cdcgrandrounds/pdf/archives/2016/august2016.pdf
> Institute of National Drug Abuse. (2015, September). Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ntchito ya opioid ya amayi komanso matenda osabereka. https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/infographics/dramatic-increases-in-maternal-opioid-use-neonatal-abstinence-syndrome