Kumvetsetsa Mphamvu Zopanda Mphamvu Zingathe Kuonjezera Vuto la HIV
Cholinga chachikulu cha ogwira ntchito zachipatala ndi zotsatira za HIV kwa amayi ndi ena omwe alibe mphamvu pa chibwenzi, powaika pa chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda. Mphamvu zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimalimbikitsa amene amasankha zokhudzana ndi kugonana kapena, kuposa pamenepo, yemwe ali ndi ufulu wopanga zisankho. Ndicho chimene chimayambitsa nkhanza akazi padziko lonse lero.
Kusiyanitsa kwa mphamvu za amuna ndi akazi, zosiyana ndi zachuma ndi zamaganizo, zimawoneka kuti zimapangitsa kuti amayi athe kukambirana zogonana. Malingana ndi kafukufuku wochokera ku bungwe la Primary Care Development Corporation, chinthu chimodzi chokhacho chimagwirizana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kondomu - pafupifupi 48% mwa amayi omwe anafunsidwa. Kugonana, kugonana, ndi kugwiriridwa kumangowonjezera vutoli.
Kusiyana kwa mphamvu za kugonana kumatha kumawoneka m'njira zambiri zobisika, komabe, kuphatikizapo:
- Miyambo ya chikhalidwe cha anthu yomwe imalimbikitsa udindo wapadera wa amuna.
- Lonjezo kapena kusowa kwa thandizo lachuma.
- Kupanda kulemba kapena kulemba (mlingo umene uli wapamwamba kuposa akazi kuposa amuna).
- Kunyalanyaza kwa amayi ogonana kapena osakwatira.
- Chikhalidwe chimayendera njira zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaika amuna pamwamba pa akazi.
- Kuvomerezeka kwabwino kwa abambo akulu / abambo ocheperako (zomwe, mwazigawo zina, zimagwirizanitsa ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba cha kachilombo ka HIV kwa amayi a zaka zapakati pa 15-24).
Maganizo awa akhoza kuthandizira kwambiri kuti mkazi athe kukambirana zogonana moyenera, makamaka pamene chikhalidwe cha chikwati, kubereka, ndi amayi ali apamwamba.
HIV ndi Chiwawa kwa Akazi
Vutoli likhoza kuwonjezereka kwambiri ndi chiwawa chogonana, chiwongoladzanja, kapena chiwawa, ndipo kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti paliponse pakati pa 10% ndi 60% mwa amayi omwe amakhudzidwa padziko lonse lapansi.
Masiku ano vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndi lakuti, m'mayiko ena monga South Africa, chiwerengero cha kugwiririra chaka chilichonse chakhala chikuposa 17% (kapena pafupifupi mmodzi mwa amayi asanu ndi mmodzi). Mu sampuli ya 2009 ya amuna 1,738 a ku South Africa kumapiri a KwaZulu Natal ndi Eastern Cape, oposa 25% adavomereza kuti adagwirira munthu wina, ndipo theka la iwo adagwiririra kugwiririra amayi oposa mmodzi.
Kugonana kwa amayi ndi kugonana kwa amayi kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha HIV m'njira zingapo:
- Mchitidwe wogonana wokakamizidwa ukhoza kuthetsa minofu yowopsya ya vagin kapena anus, kuwapatsa njira yosavuta yopezera kachilomboka.
- HIV nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi chiyanjano choyambitsa ndi chisokonezo mu maubwenzi achiwawa, momwe matenda angathe kuchitika chifukwa cha chiwawa, pomwe nkhanza zimachitidwa pa amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV (mwachitsanzo, ndi mkazi kapena mwamuna wake).
- Mchitidwe wogonana wowonongeka nthawi zambiri umagwirizanitsidwa ndi vuto loyamba la kugonana.
Kulimbana ndi Zofooka za Amuna
Malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO), mayiko 52 okha okha adanena kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko za amayi ndi kachilombo ka HIV monga gawo la njira zawo zadziko, pomwe pang'onozing'ono pokhapokha kuthetsa mavuto akuluakulu okhudzana ndi zopanda ndalama thandizo; kupeza mwayi wophunzira ntchito ndi maphunziro; ndi chitetezo ndi kukwezedwa kwa ufulu wa cholowa.
Popanda kuthetsa vutoli, anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kachilombo ka HIV / AIDS kamasinthidwa. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti njira zenizeni za HIV sizikufufuzidwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zina mwazinthu zowonjezereka ndi mphete ya microbicidal yomwe imatchedwa NuvaRing , yomwe ikhoza kuteteza kachilombo ka HIV pa nthawi ya kugonana ndikusungidwa mukazi kwa masiku 30.
Zida ngati izi zikuwoneka kuti zakhala zikuyendera njira zowononga zowonongeka, zomwe zambiri sizinawapatse amayi njira zodzidzimitsira yekha kapena zofunikira kwambiri pazomwe zimakhazikika tsiku ndi tsiku (chinthu chomwe sichikuvuta kuchibisa) .
Pakalipano, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kondomu ya akazi (kapena "chikazi") kumapangidwanso m'madera ena, ndi zolembera, zochepetsetsa, komanso zochepetsetsa zomwe zimalowa m'madera ambiri. Zina mwazinthuzi ndizatsopano monga Kondomu ya Akazi , yomwe imayikidwa ngati chingwe ndipo imalowa mkati mwazimayi; ndi kondomu ya amayi a Origami yochokera ku silicon, yomwe imawonekera monga accordion ndipo ikhoza kupereka zolimbikitsa kwa mwamuna ndi mkazi.
Kugonana kwa amuna ndi akazi kungakhudze Amuna, Nawonso
Pazifukwa zomveka, chikhalidwe cha anthu chikhoza kupondereza momwe mwamuna amachitira ndi kugonana. Ngakhale amayi amawoneka kuti ndi "oyankhulana" pachibwenzi-osati ndi wokondedwa wawo okha, koma ndi amayi ena omwe amagawana nawo chiwerewere-amuna nthawi zambiri amayenera kukhala odziwa komanso odziwa za kugonana. Mipata iliyonse mu maphunziro a kugonana (kuphatikizapo kulephera kupeza uphungu pa ntchito yoyenera ya kondomu ) ingabweretse chiopsezo chachikulu kwa iye ndi mnzake.
Pa kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi a University of Emory, ophunzira omwe amapanga amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amauzidwa kuti akumbukire kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu m'miyezi itatu yapitayo. Phunzirolo linapeza izo
- 60% sanagwiritse ntchito makondomu ndi anzawo ogonana nawo;
- 42% agwiritse kondomu pokhapokha atayamba kugonana;
- 15% anachotsa makondomu musanathetse kugonana;
- 40% sanasiye malo pamapeto pa kondomu ;
- 30% anaika kondomu pansi pa mbolo;
- 33% adanena kuti athyola kapena athyola makondomu nthawi yogonana, ndipo;
- 42% ankafuna kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu koma analibe panthawiyo.
Ngakhale pakati pa omwe adagwiritsira ntchito kondomu, ambiri adanena kuti atachita zimenezi pempho la wokondedwa wawo, lomwe nthawi zina limawoneka ngati chidziwitso chokayikira kapena kusakhulupirika.
Zolakwitsa za mtundu umenewu zimasonyeza kuti kuyang'ana kwakukulu kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa njira zomwe zingalimbikitse kuyambanso kukambirana za maudindo omwe amawoneka kuti ndi abambo, poyang'ana kuyankhulana ndi kuyanjanitsa pakati pa kugonana.
Zotsatira:
Gollub, E. "Kusankha Kulimbitsa: Kukhazikitsa Zomwe Zilipo Pewani Kuteteza kachilombo ka HIV mwa Akazi." Zokambirana za Padziko Lonse. December 2006; 32 (4): 209-212.
Higgins, A .; Hoffman, S .; ndi Dworkin, S. "Kugonjetsa Amuna, Amuna Ogonana ndi Amuna, ndi Akazi Akazi ku HIV / AIDS." Buku Lopatulika la Umoyo Wathanzi. March 2010; 100 (3): 435-445.
Ayuda, R .; Sikweyiya, Y .; Morrell, R .; et al. "Kumvetsetsa Amuna Amankhwala ndi Kugwiritsira Ntchito Chiwawa: Zowonongeka za Chigwirizano ndi HIV ku South Africa." Ndondomeko Yafukufuku wa Zachipatala Mwachidule. Pretoria, South Africa; July 2009.
Pulerwitz, J .; Amaro, J ;; De Jong, W .; et al. "Mphamvu za Ubale, Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kondomu ndi Vuto la HIV pakati pa Akazi ku USA." AIDS Care. December 2002; 14 (6): 789-800.
Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO). "Kulephera kwa Gender ndi HIV." Geneva, Switzerland.