Zizindikiro zomwe zingakhale chizindikiro chenicheni cha kachilombo ka HIV zingayambe kunyalanyazidwa chifukwa amayi ambiri sazindikira kuti ali pachiopsezo.
Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo matenda opangidwa ndi yisiti ( vaginal candidiasis ), matenda opatsirana m'mimba , kusintha kosasintha kapena dysplasia (kukula ndi kupezeka kwa maselo osatetezeka) m'mimba ya chiberekero, zilonda za m'mimba, ndi zilonda za m'mimba.
Matenda ambiri a herpes mucosal angaperekenso kachilombo ka HIV kwa amayi.
N'zotheka kuti munthu amene ali ndi HIV asasonyeze zizindikiro za matenda. Kwa amayi, zizindikiro zowonjezera za kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda opatsirana kawirikawiri kapena ovuta, zovuta zachilendo za PAP smears kapena matenda opatsirana (PID) omwe ndi ovuta kuchiza.
Pakangotha masabata angapo kuti atenge kachilomboka, anthu ambiri ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine. Komabe, nthawi zina, zizindikiro siziwoneka kwa zaka zambiri. Pamene matendawa akupita, zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizansopo mitsempha yamatumbo yotupa pamtambo, m'kati mwa nthendayi, kapena kumunda; kutentha thupi, kuphatikizapo "kutukumula usiku, kutaya mofulumira kwabwino popanda chifukwa chomveka; kutopa nthawi zonse; kutsegula m'mimba komanso kuchepa kudya, kapena malo oyera kapena zovuta zachilendo pakamwa.
Kuchepetsa Vuto la Kugonjetsa HIV
Popeza amayi ndi gawo lokula kwambiri la anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV ku United States, kupewa HIV ndikofunika kwambiri pa umoyo wa amayi.
HIV imapatsirana kupyolera mu thupi, monga magazi ndi nyemba.
Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kukhala ndi kugonana kosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu yemwe wagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kukhala ndi kugonana kosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mwamuna yemwe wagonana ndi mwamuna wina ndipo amakhala ndi zibwenzi zambiri zowonjezera mwayi wopeza kachilombo ka HIV. Malingana ndi FDA, njira yabwino kwambiri yodzizitetezera ku HIV ndiyo kudziletsa kugonana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osagwirizana ndi mankhwala.
Ngati muli ndi zibwenzi, onetsetsani kuti muli ndi bwenzi limodzi lopanda kutengeka kapena kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira zopewera ngati kondomu ndi madera a mano.
Chithandizo
Panopo, palibe mankhwala omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi HIV / AIDS. Chithandizo chabwino pakali pano chikuwoneka ngati mankhwala "mankhwala" kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mankhwala ena, monga mankhwala osokoneza bongo pofuna kuthana ndi matenda a yisiti , omwe amamenyana ndi matenda omwe amathandiza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV asatengeke.
Ndikofunikanso kuti amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi madokotala awo ayang'ane matenda opatsirana m'mimba kapena matenda ena opatsirana pogonana. Mofananamo, khansara ya chiberekero imakhala yofala ndipo imafulumira kwambiri mwa amayi omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV; Pa chifukwa chimenechi, amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ayenera kukhala ndi Pap smears kawiri pa chaka kuti awonetsetse kuti khansara imawoneka ndikuyambilira msanga.
Kupita Patsogolo
Akazi ochepa omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV anaphatikizidwa m'maphunziro oyambirira a mliriwu, koma mu 1994, amayi anali ndi 18 peresenti ya anthu akuluakulu omwe ali nawo m'magulu oyezetsa magazi a Edzi ku National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa zachipatala zokhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV kwa amayi komanso pa ubale pakati pa mimba ndi HIV.
Ochita kafukufuku akufufuza njira zothandizira akazi kuti azitetezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina kapena mazira omwe amayi angagwiritse ntchito asanagonane kuti adziteteze ku HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana . Palibe umboni wotsimikizirika wokhudzana ndi mafilimu oletsa kulera ngati kachilombo ka HIV.
Kutumiza
Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamatengera fetus?
Ana ambiri omwe amalembedwa ndi amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amathawa, koma amodzi mwa anayi amatha kutenga kachilombo kaye musanayambe kubadwa kapena poyamwitsa , ngakhale palibe wotsimikiza kuti kutuluka kwa tizilombo kumatuluka.
Kutumiza kungathenso kulumikizana ndi thanzi la amayi pamene ali ndi mimba kapena kubadwa.
Pali mavairasi ambiri m'mayambiriro a Edzi kuposa kale, mwachitsanzo. Pakali pano, madokotala angapereke mankhwala a Retrovir (AZT) a amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda kuti athe kuchepetsa kufala kwa kachilombo ka HIV; Kupambana kwa mankhwalawa kumawonjezera kuti kachilombo koyambirira ka HIV kamapezeka m'thupi mwachangu kapena musanayambe kapena mutatenga mimba.
Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kangaperekedwe kudzera mu kugonana kwabwino?
Inde, ikhoza. HIV imatha kupatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito madzi amadzimadzi (monga magazi, nyemba, saliva, ndi zobisika za m'mimba). HIV imatha kusamalidwa kudzera m'zochitika zonse zogonana (m'kamwa, m'mimba komanso m'mimba) pamene mmodzi kapena onse awiri ali ndi HIV.
Kugonana pamimba popanda kondomu kumalo omwe mumapezeka kuti muli ndi HIV. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kutsogolo kwa madzi kumatha kutenga kachilombo ka HIV ndipo kungapangidwe m'kati mwake. Chigawo cha Kugonana kwa Matenda (CDC) chimalimbikitsa kuti panthawi yogonana ndi pakamwa, kondomu ya latex iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa chiopsezo chodziwika.
Kuyesera Zosangalatsa
Nthawi ya mawindo ndi nthawi yolindira kuti mulandire zotsatira zoyenera zoyezetsa HIV. Kawirikawiri, ili sabata sikisite kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera nthawi yomwe mumatha kugonana mosatetezeka nthawi yomwe mumalandira kachilombo ka HIV. Iyi ndiyo nthawi yomwe thupi lanu limagwiritsa ntchito kupanga magulu a antibodies m'magazi, omwe amasonyeza kuti akupezeka ku HIV. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa seroconversion.
Ndikofunika kuti munthu atenge kachilombo ka HIV kuti afunse kuti ali ndi mayeso otani. Nthawi zonse munthu akayezetsedwa kachilombo ka HIV, amayesedwa mitundu iwiri. Iwo ali, 1) mayesero othandizira, ndi 2) mayeso ovomerezeka. Kuyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV kumatithandiza kudziwa ngati kachilombo ka HIV kamakhala m'magazi (monga Eyes Test).
Mayeso othetsera matendawa angapangitse kuwerenga kwabodza kwa aliyense amene ali ndi impso kapena kulephera kwa chiwindi, kwa mayi amene ali ndi pakati, omwe ali ndi katemera wa chiwindi, kapena aliyense amene watenga gamma globulin. Pamene mayeso othetsera vutoli ali ndi zotsatira zoipa, zikutanthauza kuti palibe ma antibodies a HIV omwe amapezeka.
Kuti mulandire kuwerenga molondola, CDC ikukulimbikitsani kuti mudikire nthawi yeniyeni ya masabata: milungu isanu ndi umodzi mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndikupewa zochitika zonse zogonana kapena kuchita zogonana mosatetezeka pazochitika zogonana ndikupeza mayeso olimbitsa thupi monga Western Blot Mayeso.
Chiyeso chovomerezeka (monga Western Blot) chimapereka kachilombo ka HIV kwa munthu. Zotsatira zabwino zowonjezera kuyesa kumatanthauza kuti munthuyo ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV m'magazi ake ndipo akhoza kupha ena.
Kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV sikukutanthauza kuti munthuyo adalandira matenda a immunodeficiency (AIDS) kapena kuti 100% ali otsimikizika kuti munthuyo adzalandira AIDS, ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti zikhoza kuchitika.
Zowopsa kwa Amatenda
HIV ndi kachilombo kopanda kugonana, gender, mtundu kapena gulu. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti chifukwa chakuti banja limapangidwa ndi amayi awiri, palibe phwando lomwe liribe kachilombo ka HIV.
HIV ikhoza kulengeka pamene magazi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena mafinya amkati amatha kugwirizana ndi chiberekero cha mkazi, pakamwa kapena mwachisawawa paliponse pamthupi. Choncho, nkofunika kuti pamene mukukambirana kuti mutseke dzanja ndi latex glove.
Palibe chomwe chiyenera kulowetsedwa mwachindunji mu chikazi kapena pafupi ndi malo opatsirana pogonana kapena anus mutakhala mukazi wazimayi. Izi zikhoza kufalitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana.
Kugonana pakati pa anyamata ndi atsikana kumatha kuopseza kachirombo ka HIV. Dambo la mano , khungu la latex, kapena kondomu ikulimbikitsidwa ngati njira zotetezera zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi yogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha pofuna kuteteza onse awiri.
Kuchokera ku Ofesi ya Women's Health ku Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ndi Zaumunthu.