Kusiyanitsa Zoona ndi Zolakwa Zodziwika
Pambuyo pa zaka zoposa 35 za kafukufuku wa matenda okhudza matenda ndi matenda, chidziwitso cha ngati mungapeze kachilombo koyambitsa kugonana kumakhala kosokoneza anthu ambiri. Kotero tiyeni tiyambe mwa kulekanitsa anthu okhudzidwa ndi zovuta ndi ziwerengero.
Ngati munthu angathe kutenga kachilombo ka HIV pamlomo, yankho labwino liyenera kukhala lopanda pake. Kawirikawiri, kugonana m'kamwa-kaya mwa mawu a fallatio (oral-penile), cunnilingus (oral-vaginal), kapena anilingus (oral-anal) -sali njira yabwino yopatsira HIV .
Pomwe zikunenedwa, mawu oti "akhoza" amasonyeza kuti mwina anthu ambiri amatha kusiya.
Zolemba Zopeka ndi Zosindikizidwa
Nthawi zonse tikakambirana za kachilombo ka HIV, nkofunika kusiyanitsa pakati pa chiopsezo chachinsinsi ndi zolembedwa. Chiopsezo cholembedwa chimachokera ku chiwerengero chenicheni cha milandu imene HIV ingatchulidwe mwachindunji ndi chilakolako cha kugonana. Ndipo, poyang'anitsitsa disolo, chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka kugonana ndi pakamwa ndi kwenikweni. Osati zero, mwinamwake, koma kusintha pafupi ndi icho.
Ndipotu, malinga ndi kafukufuku wochokera ku University of California San Francisco's Centers for AIDS Prevention Studie, mwayi wa kachilombo ka HIV kupyolera mu kugonana kosalankhula mosatetezeka unali wowerengeka kwambiri, ngakhale kuti ochita kafukufuku adapitanso kuti " mwinamwake kuti mwayi wa kachilombo ndi waukulu kwambiri kuposa zero. "
Mwachidziwitso payekha, pali zifukwa zambiri ndi zochitika zomwe zingapangitse chiopsezo chaumwini, nthawi zina.
Pozindikira ndi kuzindikira zinthu izi, mukhoza kupanga bwino, zodziwa zambiri zokhudza kugonana kwa inu ndi mnzanu.
Kuwonetsa Ngozi Mwachizolowezi Chogonana Mwachisawawa
Kukhala ndi mwayi wofalitsa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi kudzera m'magonana amwano kumadalira makamaka mtundu wa kukhudzana nawo. Kuika pambali zina zonse zoopsa, kuthekera kwa kachilombo ka HIV kungasinthe malinga ndi kuti munthu yemwe alibe kachilomboyo amatha kuchita kapena kulandira kugonana.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wochokera ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Komabe, ziwerengerozi zingasinthe mukangoyamba kuchita zogonana.
Mwa iwo
- Kulandira fallatio , kutanthauza kuti munthu yemwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV amachititsa kugonana kwa mwamuna ndi mzake ndi kachirombo ka HIV, akuwoneka kuti ndi wochepa kwambiri. Pakati pa maanja omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV (omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi wina ali ndi vuto), kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti chiopsezochi chimakhala penapake peresenti pa nthawi yonse ya chiyanjano. Amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) , amawopseza maola pafupifupi 0.04%.
- Ine nsertive fallatio ("kupeza phokoso") ndipang'ono kwambiri kuperekedwa kuti ma enzyme m'matumbo amatha kuchepetsa chilichonse chochepa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chomwe chingakhalepo. Ngakhale ndi mitsempha yamagazi, padzakhalanso vuto lolembedwa la matendawa.
- Cunnilingus inatsimikiziranso kuti ndi njira yomwe sitingathe kuiona kuti palibe vuto linalake la mkazi kapena bwenzi lake kutenga kachilombo ka HIV atalandira kapena kupatsidwa mchitidwe wogonana.
- Anilingus ("rimming") amawonedwanso kukhala wopsereza, makamaka kwa wokondedwa. Apanso, pakhala palibe vuto loti munthu atenge kachilombo ka HIV atatha kuyambitsa wokhala ndi kachirombo ka HIV.
Ngakhale kuti chiwerengerochi chikusonyeza kuti chiopsezo cha kachilombo ka HIV n'chochepa kuchokera ku chiwerengero cha anthu, zomwe siziyenera kutanthawuza kuti ndizochokera pansi pazokha. Mwachiwonekere, chifukwa chachikulu chomwe muli nacho, chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga HIV chidzakhala
Zoonjezerapo Zowopsa
Mmodzi yekha, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Mwachidule, chiwerengero cha kachilombo ka HIV kowonjezereka , makamaka ngati munthuyo ali ndi kachilomboka . Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chiwerengero cha vutolo chosaoneka n'chofanana ndi chiopsezo chomwe sichitha.
Pali zifukwa zina zomwe zingakhudze chiopsezo chomwe chingakhalepo:
- Kuthamangitsidwa pa nthawi yogonana kumalankhula kuti ndi koopsa kuposa kugonana kwakamwa popanda kukakamizidwa, ngakhale palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti kutaya magazi ndi chinthu chokha chomwe chimayambitsa matenda.
- Kudula, kutaya kapena zilonda m'kamwa mwa munthu kungapereke njira yopatsira anthu. Kuti izi zitheke, umoyo wabwino wa mano uyenera kuwonedwa kuti uchepetse matenda ochizira magazi ndi zina zamatenda.
- Matenda ena opatsirana pogonana, monga syphilis ndi gonorrhea, angayambitse zilonda za zilonda zam'mimba kapena amachepetsa matenda osakanikirana a mumasin kapena anus. Matenda ngati awa amatha kupezeka mosazindikira, makamaka ngati akupezeka pammero, kumaliseche kapena kumtunda.
- Zilonda kapena zilonda zochokera ku matenda okhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV monga candidiasis kapena herpes simplex zingasokoneze umoyo wa m'kamwa ndi mmero. Mwa kutenga kachilombo ka HIV , chiopsezo cha matendawa ena ndi amlomo akhoza kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.
- Matenda ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amakula pakapita msinkhu ngati maselo omwe amabweretsa kachilombo ka HIV amakhetsedwa kuchokera pachibelekero. Zomwezo zikhoza kuchitika ngati munthu atenga urethritis, kutupa kwakukulu kumene kumayambitsa kukhetsa tizilombo ngakhale kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kosadziwika.
Njira zochepetsera ngozi
Mwachiwonekere, njira yabwino yochepetsera chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ndiko kuchita zachiwerewere . Izi ndi zoona makamaka ngati muli ndi zibwenzi zambiri kapena osadziŵa za thanzi la mnzanu wogonana. Izi zimaphatikizapo makondomu ndi madontho a mano kwa iwo omwe akupanga cunnilingus kapena anilingus.
Palinso njira zina zomwe zingachepetse ngozi.
- Ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kuyamba ndi kusunga chidziwitso kwa mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV kungachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo chotengera kachilombo kwa ena. Njirayi, yomwe imatchedwa kuti mankhwala (prevention) (TasP) , yasonyezedwa kuti kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kugonana pakati pa abwenzi a serodiscordant ndi 96 peresenti.
- Ngati mulibe kachilombo ka HIV, mukhoza kupempha dokotala wanu kuti adziwitse kachirombo ka HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) , mankhwala omwe amayamba kamodzi tsiku ndi tsiku omwe angathe kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda opitirira 90 peresenti.
- Kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse kumalimbikitsa anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chotenga matenda, kuphatikizapo MSM, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo s, ndi anthu omwe ali ndi zibwenzi zambiri. Zojambula za STD nthawi zonse zimalimbikitsidwanso.
Pomalizira, kulankhulana kumakhala ngati kuteteza kachilombo ka HIV nthawi yaitali. Kaya muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena kachilombo ka HIV, vuto lalikulu limabwera chifukwa chosiya zinthu zomwe simukuzidziwa. Phunzirani zambiri za njira zothetsera kugonana kosamalitsa kapena momwe mungatulutsire HIV yanu kwa munthu amene muli naye pachibwenzi.
Zotsatira:
Baggaley, R .; White, R .; ndi Boily, M. "Kuwongolera mwatsatanetsatane machitidwe opatsirana odwala HIV / 1." International Journal of Epidemiology. 2008; 37 (6): 1255-1265. DOI: 10.1093 / ije / dyn151.
Zachigawo za US za Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC). "Zizindikiro Zofunika: Kuteteza HIV Kupyolera Mu Kusamalira ndi Chithandizo - United States." Kuipa ndi Kufa Sabata Lamlungu (MMWR). December 2, 2011; 60 (47): 1618-1623.
> Mitengo, L .; Chahroudi, A .; Chen, H ;; et al. "Mlomo wa Mlomo wa Mlomo wa Mlomo wa Oral Mucosa ndi Oral Transmission wa HIV / SIV." Immunol Rev. 2013; 254 (1). DOI: 10.1111 / imr.12078.