Zizindikiro za HIV / AIDS

Zachidule za zizindikiro za HIV

Njira ya kachilombo ka HIV imasiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu ngati kuchita zizindikiro za matenda. Kawirikawiri, kachilombo ka HIV sichidzaperekedwe ndi zizindikilo zozindikirika kwa zaka, ngakhale makumi, panthawi imodzi. Nthawi zambiri kokha pamene matendawa akupita-pang'onopang'ono amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha thupi chitetezedwe ngati chimapha thupi la CD4 T-maselo -kuti zizindikiro za HIV ziwonekeratu. Mwamwayi, iyi ndi siteji pamene matendawa akupita patsogolo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuchiza.

Kudziwa zizindikiro za kachilombo ka HIV ndikofunikira kukutsogolerani kuyesa, kuyang'anira, ndi chithandizo. Koma iwo okha sayenera kukhala chifukwa choti inu muyesedwe. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwapezeka ndi HIV, mwina tsopano kapena nthawi iliyonse m'mbuyomu, musayembekezere kuti zizindikiro ziwonekere . Yesani tsopano. Ndi njira yokhayo yodziwira ngati muli ndi HIV. Mukamachita zimenezi, mungathe kuonetsetsa kuti mukukhala ndi thanzi labwino nthawi yayitali komanso thanzi lanu labwino.

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Zovuta kutsutsana ndi Zizindikiro Zosatha

Miyeso ya kachirombo ka HIV kawirikawiri imawoneka ngati yowopsya kapena yosasintha. Izi ndi zofunika kumvetsetsa chifukwa zizindikiro zomwe munthu angapeze sizikhoza kungotanthauza kuti munthu watenga kachilombo ka HIV - zingathenso kusonyeza momwe matendawa angakhalire.

• Kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV kumatanthawuza nthawi yomwe thupi limayamba kuchitapo kanthu kuti likhale ndi kachirombo ka HIV ndipo limateteza chitetezo cha mthupi. Panthawiyi, pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya anthu adzalandira zizindikiro monga chimfine ngati thupi limalimbana ndi matendawa. Ngakhale zizindikiro zina zikhoza kukhala zowonjezereka komanso zosakhala zenizeni, pangakhale ena ena omwe amatsutsa za matenda oopsa- makamaka ngati pakhala pali ngozi yowonongeka.

• Kachilombo ka HIV kameneka , mosiyana, kumatanthawuza nthawi yomwe zizindikiro zowopsya zatsimikiza. Kwa ena, kuthetsa kwa zizindikiro (kapena kusowa kwa zizindikiro) kungakhale umboni wakuti kachilombo kapewa. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti zizindikiro zambiri za kachilombo ka HIV siziwoneka ndipo zingathe kukhalapo kwa zaka zambiri pamene kachilombo ka HIV kamateteza chitetezo cha mthupi. Nthawi zambiri zimangokhala ngati chitetezo chimasweka kuti zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda ziwoneke, kuphatikizapo ziphaso za zizindikiro zomwe zimasonyeza kuti matenda a nthawi yayitali ndi ovuta kwambiri.

Zizindikiro 6 zapamwamba za HIV

Izi zikhoza kusankhidwa monga zomwe zimawonedwa panthawi yovuta kapena yachilombo ya matenda (ndi nthawi zina zonse):

1. Mpaka wosadziwika. Kuthamanga kawirikawiri ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda aakulu, ngakhale kuti chimangowoneka mwa awiri mwa asanu alionse omwe angoyamba kutenga kachilombo ka HIV. Kawirikawiri amatchedwa " kuthamanga kwa kachirombo ka HIV ," kamakhala ndi mawonekedwe enieni omwe madokotala amawatcha ngati nyimbo. Mwakutanthauzira, kuthamanga kwa nyimbo ndi chimodzi chodziwika ndi malo otukuka a khungu omwe ali ndi zochepa zazing'ono zomwe zimagwirizanitsa pamodzi.
   
   Ngakhale kuti matenda ambiri angayambitse mtundu umenewu, pakadwala kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa, nthawi zambiri zimakhudza mbali zakumtunda, nthawi zina zimakhala ndi zilonda zam'mimba. Zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine ndizofala. Kuphulika kumathera pakati pa masabata awiri kapena awiri. Kachilombo ka HIV kamayambika ngati matenda atsimikiziridwa.

1. Kutupa Zilonda za Lymph. Kutupa kwa ma lymph glands (komwe kumatchedwanso kuti lymphadenopathy ) kawirikawiri kumapezeka pachimake choopsa cha HIV. Kawirikawiri kumawoneka pamutu, pansi kapena kumbuyo kwa khutu, mu kubulira, kapena pansi pa armpit, lymphadenopathy sizingakhale zopweteka zokha koma zimakhala zovuta pa milandu yovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zina anthu amasokonezeka ndi matendawa, ndipo amakhulupirira kuti ndi chizindikiro cha nthendayi. Ngati zili choncho, ndizomwe zimasonyeza kuti thupi lanu limakhala ndi mphamvu yowononga chitetezo cha thupi ngati thupi likufuna kulimbana ndi wodwalayo yemwe ali ndi HIV.
   
   Lymphadenopathy pa nthawi yovuta kwambiri imakhala yowonjezeredwa, kutanthauza kuti imapezeka mu malo awiri kapena kuposera m'thupi. Pamene nodes ndi zazikulu kuposa masentimita awiri (pafupi inchi) ndipo zimatha kwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu, zimatchulidwa kuti zamoyo zosawerengeka zomwe zimachitika kale, kapena PGL. PGL ikhoza kupitirirabe mu gawo lachilombo cha matenda ndipo zingatenge miyezi, kapena zaka, kutsimikiza. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana kumathandiza kuthetsa vutoli mwa kuchepetsa kutentha kwapakati kochepa komwe kumachitika ndi matenda aakulu.

1. Kuthamanga kwa Mlomo. Tonse takhala ndi mkamwa wam'mawa-nyamayi yowawa kwambiri yomwe imamveka pakamwa panu m'mawa uliwonse mukadzuka. Koma nanga bwanji ngati kulawa koipa ndi kuvala koyera sikuchoka ndi kuphweka kophweka? Ndiye mukhoza kukhala ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha HIV. Matenda otchedwa candidiasis , thrush ndi matenda a fungalomu omwe amachititsa chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezeka ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kukhala chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda obwera. Ngakhale kuti kawirikawiri imapezeka pakamwa, candidiasis ikhoza kupezeka pammero ndi mmimba.
   
   Ngakhale kuti candidiasis ikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha chiwerengero china chosakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV, chimakhala chofala kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi omwe amapititsa patsogolo chiopsezo cha mthupi. Choncho, timakonda kuona candidiasis ambiri mwa anthu okhala ndi CD4 zochepa (pansi pa 200 maselo / mL). Ndipotu, kufalikira kwa candidiasis kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi omwe panopa amadziwika kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ngati akupezeka mu bronchi, trachea, esophagus, kapena mapapu. Ngakhale mankhwala osokoneza bongo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira nthendayi, kuyambitsa kachilombo ka HIV kungathandize kubwezeretsa chitetezo cha mthupi, kuchepetsa kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kubwezeretsedwa.

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1. Matenda Opatsirana pogonana. Kukhala ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana (STD) sikutanthauza kuti muli ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi, koma ndithudi kumapangitsa kuti munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV asakayike komanso kuti alibe kachilombo ka HIV. Sikuti matenda ena opatsirana pogonana angapereke kachilombo ka HIV kudzera mwachindunji ndi zilonda zam'thupi, zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa komwe kumatulutsa CD4 maselo ku malo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV-maselo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
   
   Zofukufuku zawonetsanso kuti matenda opatsirana pogonana angayambe kuchulukitsa kachilombo ka HIV mmimba komanso m'madzi amadzi , kukweza mwayi wa matenda ngakhale pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana. Chotsatira chake, munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana amakhala odwala katatu kapena kasanu kuti athe kudwala kusiyana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi HIV yekha. Kugwiritsira ntchito makondomu kumagwiritsabe ntchito njira zomwe zingathandize kupewa kufalikira kwa HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana.

2. Kuwombera Nsapato Zasana. Sitikulankhula thukuta chifukwa cha chimfine kapena matenda ena. Tikuyankhula mopanda kufotokozedwa, kutsekemera thukuta usiku zomwe zingakhoze kufoola mapepala anu ogona kudutsa. Kutuluka kwa usiku (komwe kumatchedwanso kuti sleeping hyperhidrosis ) kumachitika kawirikawiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, mwina chifukwa cha matenda osadziwika omwe sapezekapo kapena chifukwa cha HIV. Ngakhale nambala iliyonse ya matenda ingayambitse thukuta usiku, imakhala yofala kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi ndikuwonetseredwa ndi profuse, kuthira thukuta popanda chifukwa.
   
   Ngakhale usiku ukudzikuza wokha siwowopsa, ukhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda aakulu kwambiri, ochiritsira. Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu ndi matenda ena okhudzana ndi kachirombo ka HIV (kuphatikizapo Mycobacterium avium complex ndi histoplasmosis ) ndi ena mwa matenda omwe amagwirizana kwambiri ndi matendawa. Chochitika chilichonse cha kutuluka usiku sikuyenera kunyalanyazidwa ndipo chiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti nthawi yomweyo kuyesa kachirombo ka HIV ndi kafukufuku wa labungwe wonse.

3. Mwadzidzidzi, Kutaya Kwambiri Kwambiri. Mwadzidzidzi, kulemera kosawerengeka sikunzolowereka pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV nthawi zambiri. Komabe, pamene amadziwika ndi kulemera kwa magawo 10 peresenti ndipo amatsagana ndi malungo ndi kutsegula m'mimba kwa masiku 30 kapena kuposerapo, chikhalidwechi chikhoza kuikidwa ngati mankhwala omwe amatenga kachilombo ka HIV .
   
   Mosiyana ndi mausiku usiku, kutaya kachilombo ka HIV kulibe chifukwa china chokha kupatula HIV. Ndipo ngakhale mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito masiku ano adachepetsa chiwonongeko cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi, pafupifupi 34 peresenti adakali ndi chiwerengero cha kulemera kosawerengeka. Kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse kumaphatikizidwa ngati gawo la kafukufuku wamankhwala ngati akukumana ndidzidzidzi, kutayika kwakukulu (komanso, makamaka, kutayika kwa minofu yowonda). Kuphatikiza pa kachilombo ka HIV, Fulyzaq (crofelemer) , mankhwala omwe amavomereza ndi US Food and Drug Administration, amatha kulandira bwino kutsekula m'mimba kwa HIV.

> Zotsatira:

> Cohen, M ;; Gay, C .; Kuthamanga, P .; ndi Hecht, F. "Kuzindikira kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV." Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010; 202 (Supplement2): S270-S277.

> Ma Institutes of Health (NIH). "Malangizo Othandizira Kupewa ndi Kuchiza Matenda Oponderezedwa Omwe Akhudzidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi Achinyamata." AIDSInfo; Bethesda, Maryland; inapezeka pa July 21, 2016.