Mu March 2011, ngozi ya Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant ku Fukushima, ku Japan-yomwe inayambitsidwa ndi tsunami yomwe inachitika pambuyo pake, inachititsa kuti anthu azitha kutulutsa mpweya wozizira komanso kutentha kwa zipangizo zamagetsi ku Japan. chomera cha nyukiliya.
Ngozi zachitsulo za nyukiliya monga zomwe zinali ku Fukushima ndi ngozi ya 1986 ya Chernobyl chifukwa cha kutulutsa ayodini ya radioactive 131.
Kuwonetsera kwa iodin-131 yotentha kwambiri ndidzidzidzi woopsa wa khansa ya chithokomiro , ndipo ngozi ndizokulu ngati chiwonetsero chimachitika ana, ana, ndi achinyamata. Kodi pali chifukwa chodera nkhaŵa, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, nchiyani chingachitike?
Kafukufuku
Nthenda yaikulu ya khanda mpaka kafukufuku wa khansa yachinyamata inayamba kuyambira zaka zisanu pambuyo pa ngozi ya Chernobyl . Chiwombankhangachi chinali chapamwamba kwambiri m'madera monga Belarus, omwe anali pa njira ya kuphulika kwa nyukiliya ya Chernobyl, koma anthu omwe analibe chitetezo ndi mankhwala a potassium. (Madera ena ochepa a Chernobyl, monga Poland, adalandira mapiritsi a iodide a potassium , omwe amateteza chithokomiro kuti asatengere mavitamini a ayodini ngati atatengedwa maola angapo asanafike ndi pambuyo pake.)
Chifukwa cha zomwe zinachitikira ku Chernobyl komanso kudera nkhawa kwa anthu ku Japan, Fukushima Health Management Survey inakhazikitsidwa mu July 2011 kuti adziwe kuopsa kwa kutentha kwa dzuwa kwa anthu.
Kafukufukuyu anaphatikizapo kuwonetsetsa kwa anthu ambiri pafupi ndi Fukushima kuti ayese kansa ya kansa.
Ofufuza a ku Japan anali kuyesa kutsimikizira ngati pali mgwirizano wotsimikizirika pakati pa ngozi ya reactor ya Fukushima ndi kuwonjezeka kwina kulikonse kwa chiwerengero cha khansa ya chithokomiro ku chiwerengero cha Fukushima.
Zotsatira zoyambirira zinali zokhudzana ndi ofufuza, omwe anapeza theka la nkhani zomwe adawonedwa anali ndi chithokomiro chomwe chingathe kukhala khansa kapena kukhala khansa m'tsogolomu. Chiwerengero cha matenda okhudza chithokomiro m'mabuku a Fukushima anaposa 600 peresenti, pamene chiwerengero cha matenda a chithokomiro cha ana a Fukushima chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda a chithokomiro.
Malingana ndi ochita kafukufuku, ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha khansa ya chithokomiro chikuwonjezeka, ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kumene kunachitika pambuyo pa Chernobyl. Izi zapangitsa ochita kafukufuku kuganiza kuti "kuyeza kwa anthu a Fukushima kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kuposa omwe anachitika ku ngozi ya Chernobyl, ndipo palibe umboni wamphamvu wotsimikizira kuti chiwindi cha chithokomiro chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kuwala kwa Froid ku Fukushima."
Kodi Khansa Yambiri ya Chithokomiro, Kapena Kuzindikira Bwino ku Fukushima?
Akatswiri ena a ku Japan asonyeza kuti chithokomiro chapamwamba chogwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira Fukushima chimatha kuzindikira mitsempha yaing'ono yambiri yotchedwa kachipromo-yomwe imadziwika kuti microcarcinomas - ndipo zomwe zakhala zikuyambirira za kukula kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro zimachokera ku kuyang'ana kochepa kwambiri.
Iwo amanena kuti mitsempha yambiri-ndipo pamapeto pake, khansa yambiri ya chithokomiro-idzapezeka mwa ana omwe akuoneka ngati ana a Fukushima.
Koma iwo amanena kuti kuwonjezeka kwa khansa ya chithokomiro kumakhala chifukwa cha kuwonetsetsa kosavuta komanso kufalikira komwe kumachitika ku Fukushima, poyerekezera ndi kuchuluka kwa kansa ya chithokomiro chifukwa cha ngozi ya nyukiliya. Iwo akuganiza kuti khansa yambiri ya chithokomiro idzapezeka chifukwa ofufuza ndi anthu a Fukushima akuyang'ana, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zowonetsera zovuta kuti zipeze.
Magaziniyi imayambitsa mikangano yofanana ndi imeneyi ku United States, kumene kuchulukanso kwa khansa ya chithokomiro kumatchulidwa ndi zipangizo zowononga kwambiri zomwe zimatha kupeza microcarcinomas, osati kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa chiwindi cha khansa ya chithokomiro.
Ponena za zotsatira za Fukushima, Peter Kopp, MD, mkonzi wa magazini ya Chithokomiro ndi Pulofesa wa Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, ndi Medicine Molecular, ku University of Northwestern University ku Chicago, adanena izi:
Kufufuza mosamala za ngozi za nyukiliya ku Chernobyl ndi Fukushima pankhani zaumoyo ndi zachikhalidwe zikupitirizabe kukhala zothandiza kwambiri. Panthawiyi, palibe umboni woonekeratu wakuti ngozi ya Fukushima yachititsa kuti chiwerengero cha katemera wa chithokomiro chiwonjezereke, zomwe zimawoneka kuti zikusiyana ndi zochitika pambuyo pa ngozi ya Chernobyl. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha matenda a chithokomiro amadziwika mwa kuyang'aniridwa kwa anthu a Fukushima akutsindika zovuta zomwe zimayenderana ndi mapulogalamu owonetsera.
Komabe, zitsimikiziritso zilizonse zisanafike msanga, ndikupitirizabe kuziwona za anthu a Fukushima, komanso kuwonetseratu kwasintha kwa kusintha kwa chibadwa ndi matenda omwe amapezeka m'matenda a chithokomiro, zimakhala zofunikira.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngakhale ofufuza a ku Japan sanakhazikitse kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa khansa ya chithokomiro yomwe imayambira mwachindunji ku ngozi ya nyukiliya ya Fukushima, imasonyezanso kuti kufufuza kwina kuli kofunika kufufuza zomwe zikuchitika.
Pamapeto pake, kufufuza kwowonjezereka kwa matenda kukuthandizani kudziwa ngati kutayika kwa iodine-131 pambuyo pa Fukushima kunali kokwanira kokwanira kuwonetsa kanseri ya chithokomiro-yomwe inachitika pambuyo pa Chernobyl-kapena ngati kuwonjezereka kumangokhala chabe zovuta kwambiri, zowonjezereka, komanso zowononga kansa ya chithokomiro.
> Zotsatira:
> International Commission on Radiological Protection 2009 Kugwiritsa ntchito Malangizo a Komiti ya Chitetezo cha Anthu mu Mavuto Odzidzidzimutsa. Kulemba kwa ICRP 109. Ann. ICRP 39. 2009.
> Komiti ya United Nations Scientific Phindu la Atomic Radiation. "Zotsatira ndi zotsatira za mavitamini a ioni." UNSCEAR 2008 Lipoti ku General Assembly ndi zigawo za sayansi. Volume II, Scientific Annex D: Zotsatira za umoyo chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa moto kuchokera ku ngozi ya Chernobyl. United Nations, New York, NY. 2011.
> Yamashita S, Thomas G (eds). Ngozi za Chithokomiro ndi Nyukiliya: Zoopsa Zakale za Chernobyl ndi Fukushima. Maphunziro a Academic, Elsevier, Inc., Cambridge, MA. 2017.
> Yamashita, S et. al. "Zophunzira kuchokera ku Fukushima: Zotsatira Zatsopano za Khansa ya Chithokomiro Pambuyo pa ngozi ya Fukushima Power Plant Plant." Chithokomiro. Volume 28, Number 1, 2017 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089 / thy.2017.0283