Ngati munayamba mwawonapo filimu ya 2011 "Otsutsana," mukudziwa kuti ndizithunzithunzi zenizeni. Momwemo, mukutsatira mliri woopsya womwe ukuyenda padziko lonse lapansi ngati ogwira ntchito zachipatala kuti ayime. Mafilimu nthawi zina amawopsa. Icho chimatchulidwanso kwathunthu.
Ogwira ntchito zaumoyo aumidzi amaletsa miliri tsiku lililonse, ndipo pamene ntchito si nthawi zonse monga Hollywood ikusonyezera, ndi ntchito yofunikira yaumoyo ya anthu-imodzi mwa misonkhano 10 yofunikira, makamaka.
Mbiri
Mankhwala ndi thanzi labwino nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsa, koma amafika ku thanzi kuchokera kuzifukwa ziwiri zosiyana. Ngakhale akatswiri azachipatala nthawi zambiri amayang'anitsitsa kuganizira, kuchiza, ndi kusamalira wodwala aliyense kutsogolo kwawo, thanzi labwino limatengera maonekedwe ambiri - a mudzi wonse. Mukachita bwino, thanzi labwino likhoza kuchita chinthu chodabwitsa: palibe. Palibe kuphulika. Palibe vuto la thanzi. Palibe miyoyo yowonongeka msanga. Ndicholinga chokwera komanso chosatheka, koma chimaphatikizapo mbali yofunika kwambiri ya thanzi labwino. Kutanthauza kuti, kupewa.
Ntchito 10 zofunika zinayambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka 90 ndikukangana pazokonzanso zaumoyo. Pa nthawi zitatu zokhazo "ntchito zazikulu" za umoyo waumphawi zinkazindikiridwa kwambiri: kuyesa, chitukuko cha ndondomeko, ndi chitsimikizo. Ngakhale mfundo zazikuluzikulu, zinkakhala zazikulu kwambiri kuti zisakhale zothandiza. Atsogoleri a zaumoyo a boma ankafuna kupereka chitsogozo chapadera kwa madokotala ndi oyambitsa ndondomeko omwe amayesetsa kuteteza thanzi lawo. Chotsatira chake chinali chigwirizano chomwe chinanena za ntchito zazikulu aliyense wogwira ntchito mu umoyo wa anthu ayenera kuyesetsa.
Nazi zomwe iwo adabwera nazo.
Onetsetsani zaumoyo kuti mudziwe ndi kuthetsa mavuto a umoyo
Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zonse zaumoyo zachipatala ndi data. Popanda izo, anthu sadziwa zomwe akufunikira, zomwe ziyenera kukhala zofunika, kapena momwe angagwiritsire ntchito chuma moyenera. Mu "Contagion," mabungwe a zachipatala monga Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ndi World Health Organization anali atatsala pang'ono kutentha chifukwa cha anthu ambiri omwe amadziwa kuti zikuchitika chifukwa cha njira zoyang'anira.
Pali machitidwe padziko lonse lapansi kuti athandize ma alarms omveka ngati zinthu ziri zoipa. Ngakhale mwachikhalidwe iwo amadalira kwambiri zinthu monga malipoti a madokotala, kuchita kafukufuku, kapena zolemba zabuyesero, intaneti yakhala ikupereka njira zatsopano zowonzera mliri m'mayambiriro oyambirira, kapena asanayambe. Malo atsopano otchedwa matenda a digito apezeka kuti athandize akatswiri a zachipatala ndi ochita kafukufuku akuwona mliri mwamsanga mwa kufufuza mawu ofunika kwambiri pa zamalonda kapena kulumikiza malipoti a pa intaneti. Machitidwewa samangoyang'ana matenda opatsirana. Kuwunika udindo wa anthu amtunduwu kumatanthauzanso kuyang'ana zinthu monga kuvulala, matenda aakulu, ndi zotsatira za kubadwa kuti awone zomwe zilipo-ngati alipo.
Utumiki uwu ndi wofunikira. Ndipotu, pamaso pa akuluakulu azaumoyo a boma angathe kuchita chirichonse kuti apititse patsogolo thanzi la anthu, ayenera choyamba kudziwa zomwe ziyenera kuchitika.
Kuzindikira ndi kufufuza mavuto a zaumoyo ndi zaumoyo m'dera
Nthawi zina ma alarm akuleredwa, akuluakulu a zaumoyo amagwira ntchito kuti azindikire omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chifukwa chake. Sande yonse ya sayansi yadziperekedwera kuti ipite patsogolo kachitidwe ka thanzi. Icho chimatchedwa epidemiology.
Akatswiri ofufuza za matenda a Edzi amasonkhanitsa ndi kufufuza deta kuti adziwe mmene matenda kapena thanzi zimaperekera m'magawo opatsidwa, zomwe zimakhala zofanana ndizo, komanso makamaka momwe zidziwitsozo zingagwiritsidwire ntchito popewera milandu yamtsogolo. Ngati pali matenda a salmonella , odwala matenda odwala matendawa ndi omwe amalankhula ndi anthu omwe amadwala, kusonkhanitsa zomwe adya, ndikuwonetsa chakudya chomwe chimawoneka kuti chichotsedwe pamasalefu.
Kudziwitsa, Kuphunzitsa, ndi Kupatsa Anthu Zokhudza Zaumoyo
Akatswiri a zachipatala atadziwa zomwe zikuchitika, ndi ndani amene amakhudza, ndipo-ngati n'kotheka-momwe angatetezere, amatha kufalitsa uthenga kwa anthu onse.
Imodzi mwa zitsanzo zogwira mtima kwambiri za ntchitoyi yofunikira ndi Kubwezeretsa ku Khanda. Akatswiri odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana padziko lonse adayamba kuzindikira kuti kugona ndi chiwopsezo cha matenda a mwana wakhanda, mwadzidzidzi, American Academy of Pediatrics ndi akuluakulu ena a ku United States adayambitsa ntchito yophunzitsa makolo kuti awapatse ana awo kugona, osati mmimba mwawo kapena mbali zawo. Akatswiri a zamankhwala adalankhula za izo ndi mabanja awo odwala, timapepala timatulutsidwa, ndipo akatswiri amapita pa televizioni kuti afalitse mawuwo.
Ndipo zikuwoneka ngati zinagwira ntchito. Ndalama za AIDS zagonjetsedwa ndi 50 peresenti m'zaka zomwe zisanachitike polojekitiyi itatha.
Limbikitsani mgwirizano ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu kuti mudziwe ndi kuthetsa mavuto a umoyo
Kawirikawiri ndi kupewa matenda komanso kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zachipatala. Umoyo wathanzi umagwirizana ndi kuthandizana ndi kuthandizidwa kwa anthu osiyanasiyana kuti afufuze, atsimikizire, ndi kuteteza matenda. Izi zimaphatikizapo anthu ndi mabungwe omwe sangakhale okhudzana ndi thanzi labwino, koma omwe ali othandizira kuti athe kusonkhanitsa mfundo zolondola ndi kuwapatsa mphamvu anthu kusintha khalidwe linalake.
Mwachitsanzo, njira zambiri zaumoyo zamagulu zakhala zikuyendera magulu a anthu ndi anthu ena kuti athandize kulimbana ndi kachirombo ka HIV m'magawo osadziwika. M'malo mogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zofalitsa kufalitsa uthenga wofunikira, mapulogalamu amagwira ntchito m'magwiridwe a anzawo kuti afike kwa omwe ali pachiopsezo chotenga matenda. Ndiponsotu, ndani amene angathandize kuthandizira kusintha mderalo kusiyana ndi anthu omwe kale ali mbali yawo?
Pangani ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko zomwe zimathandizira anthu payekha komanso ntchito za umoyo
Zina mwazikuluzikulu zokhudzana ndi thanzi la anthu m'zaka zapitazi sizinali chifukwa cha maphunziro aumodzi kapena aang'ono, kuyesa kwanuko. Iwo anali chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ndondomeko. Malangizo otetezeka kuntchito, malamulo a lamba wachigonjetso, ndi miyezo yaling'ono yapamwamba ya madzi akumwa, mwachitsanzo, onse adayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa thanzi lathu ndi chitetezo.
Zofuna za katemera ku sukulu, mwachitsanzo, zimakula kwambiri pakuwonjezeka kwa katemera komanso kumateteza matenda oteteza katemera monga chimanga ndi nkhuku. Sizinali zokhazo zomwe zimayesetsa kuteteza ana, komabe miyezo yapamwamba ya katemera imapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti matenda adziwe-njira yomwe imatchedwa chitetezo cha ng'ombe - zomwe zimateteza kuteteza anthu ochulukirapo m'deralo.
Limbikitsani Malamulo ndi Malamulo omwe amateteza Thanzi labwino ndikuonetsetsa kuti Chitetezo chilipo
Manambala a zaumoyo amathandiza kupewa matenda odyetsa zakudya mwa kufunafuna malo odyera kuti atsatire mfundo zina, koma zingakhale zothandiza ngati akuluakulu azachipatala sanapite kukayendera khitchini? Zomwezo zikhoza kunenedwa kwa madokotala. Kufufuza kwa malo ogulitsa ndi Food and Drug Administration kumathandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo kuti mankhwala akudetsedwa. Ndondomeko zikhoza kutsogoloza zaumoyo wamtundu wa anthu, koma pokhapokha atakakamizidwa.
Gwirizanitsani Anthu Osowa Thandizo Labwino Laumwini
Thandizo laumoyo ku United States ndi dongosolo lophwanyika komanso lovuta kwambiri. Kaya mumatha kuchiwona dokotala kapena ayi, mungathe kusintha mosiyana ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo msinkhu wanu, malo anu, zachuma, matenda, ndi ntchito. Mabungwe a zaumoyo a boma amathandiza kuti anthu ena omwe ali pachiopsezo kwambiri m'deralo athe kulandira chithandizo chaumoyo-komanso kupeza sikutanthauza kuti alowe kuchipatala. Zingatanthauzenso kukhala ndi kayendedwe kopita kuntchito komanso kuchokera kuchipatala, kuthekera kwa chisamaliro choperekedwa, ndi kumasulira kwa zipangizo zoyenera.
Imodzi mwa njira zazikuluzikulu zipatala zachipatala zothandizira kugwirizanitsa anthu ndi mautumiki ndi kudzera m'zipatala zapagulu. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri malowa amapereka chithandizo chachindunji kwa anthu osauka komanso osalimbikitsidwa, nthawi zambiri amapereka zinthu monga maphunziro a zaumoyo, uphungu, ndi kutumiza. Mwachitsanzo, Dipatimenti Yowonjezera Chakudya Chakumayi kwa Akazi, Anamwali, ndi Ana-omwe amatchedwa WIC-nthawi zambiri amathamangitsidwa ndi zipatala zam'deralo pofuna kuyesetsa kuti ana onse mosasamala kanthu kalikonse apindule ndi zakudya zabwino m'zaka zoyambirira za moyo .
Onetsetsani Antchito Othandiza Othandiza Anthu Odwala
Mankhwala nthawi zonse amasintha kuti agwirizane ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa ndi matebulo omwe alipo. Ndi chifukwa chake akatswiri azachipatala ku United States akuyenera kuti aziphunzira kuti azikhala ndi nthawi. Mabungwe a zaumoyo omwe amagwira ntchito monga Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, komanso madokotala a m'deralo, amagwirizanitsa ndi mabungwe azachipatala kuti apereke makalasi opitiliza maphunziro osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zinthu monga bioterrorism ndi kukonzekera mwamsanga-inde, ngakhale kuyankha mwachilengedwe masoka amabwera pansi pa thanzi labwino, nawonso.
Ganizirani Mphamvu, Kupezeka, ndi Umoyo wa Mautumiki a Zaumoyo
Zomwe zakhala zothandiza kuti ntchito zaumoyo zapadera zithe kupulumutsa miyoyo komanso kusintha thanzi la anthu, pali zambiri zomwe zingatheke. Zochita zaumoyo zimayang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse ndikuwunika ndikuonetsetsa kuti zikugwiradi ntchito, ndipo mapulojekiti omwe amafunikira ndalama amawonetsetsanso kuti zogwiritsidwa ntchito zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mogwira mtima.
Kuti tichite zimenezi, mabungwe amayang'ana zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndikuphatikizapo zosiyana siyana. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri azachuma amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zothandizira kulingalira momwe ndalamazo zidzakhalira. Akatswiri owona za matenda a Edzi amayang'anitsitsa zochitika za matenda pakati pa omwe akuyambitsa njira yathanzi kuti awone ngati apambana. Akatswiri ofufuza zamagetsi amafufuza deta kuchokera ku kafukufuku ndi zolemba zachipatala kuti adziwe ngati zizindikiro zina zaumoyo m'madera omwe apatsidwa zasintha. Zotsatira za zotsatirazi zikuthandizira kuti pakhale mapulogalamu, koma kuzindikira komweku kungathenso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mndandanda woyenera wa ntchito pamwambapa.
Kafukufuku Watsopano ndi Zowonetsera Zowononga Matenda
Njira imodzi yofunikira kwambiri ya thanzi la umoyo kumateteza chitetezo ndi chitetezo cha dera ndi kupempha mafunso, kusonkhanitsa deta, ndi kupeza njira zatsopano komanso zabwino zothetsera mavuto. Kafukufuku wamagulu a anthu omwe anachitika pa ngozi za vehicular anatitengera magalimoto otetezeka komanso mabotolo. Kufufuza kosalekeza za vuto la mano kumadzetsa kuphatikizapo fluoride m'madzi akumwa. Kumvetsetsa bwino chitetezo chathu cha mthupi kunabweretsa katemera omwe apulumutsa miyanda ya miyoyo ndi mabiliyoni a madola.
Kotero ayi, thanzi lachibadwidwe silibwino kwenikweni. Koma ndizodabwitsa kwambiri.
> Zotsatira:
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Public Health System ndi Dipatimenti Yofunika Kwambiri ya Zaumoyo za Anthu.
> Community Toolbox. Chaputala 2: Gawo 7. Maofesi khumi Ofunika Kwambiri Zaumoyo. Pulogalamu ya Umoyo wa Umoyo ndi Kukula ku Yunivesite ya Kansas.