Njira Yoyamba Kuchita Zonse Zamankhwala
Phunziro la oyendetsa ndege ndilofanana ndi sayansi yolumikiza chala chanu m'madzi. Kafukufuku woyendetsa ndege angaphatikizepo kulingalira kuti lingalirolo ndi lotheka. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti amvetsetse bwino mtengo, nthawi, ndi zotsatira zake za kafukufuku musanayambe kuyesera kuyesa, kuyesa kwakukulu .
Maphunziro oyendetsa ndege ndizochepa zomwe zimachitika poyesa kuyesedwa kwafupipafupi ndi owerengeka angapo.
Amalola ochita kafukufuku kuzindikira zofooka zilizonse zopanga maphunziro ndikupanga makina omwe angakhalepo mu pulogalamu yophunzira.
Maphunziro oyendetsa ndege angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mayesero a kachipatala kuyesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala, njira zothandizira (mapiritsi, jekeseni), chitetezo cha mankhwala , ndi zolepheretsa zilizonse zomwe zingalepheretse kulandira mankhwala .
Ndalama za Pilot Studies
Kafukufuku woyendetsa kawirikawiri amalipidwa kuchokera ku malo osiyanasiyana. Mphatso zoperekedwa ndi mabungwe a boma, omwe si a boma, komanso osapindulitsa nthawi zambiri ndiwo magwero oyamba a ndalama. Malingana ndi malo a kafukufuku, ndalama zimachokera kwa opanga mankhwala kapena mafakitale ena ogwirizana.
Mwachidziwikire, mabungwe apadera ndi omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kwa mbeu zothandizira mbeu ndipo amayamba kutsogolo pamene mankhwala ali ndi mphamvu zogula malonda (monga katemera watsopano kapena gulu la mankhwala) kapena ali pafupi ndi msika. Mankhwala aakulu masiku ano ali ndi mwayi wopeza ufulu wogulitsa mankhwala mwa kugula kampani kotheratu m'malo moika ndalama zing'onozing'ono, kufufuza kosamveka komwe sikungapite kulikonse.
Ndalama zochuluka zopezera kafukufuku woyendetsa ndege zimachokera ku mabungwe a boma monga National Institutes of Health (NIH) kapena kuchokera ku zopereka zopanda phindu amagwiritsa ntchito mbali ina yafukufuku. Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino zikuphatikizapo Bill ndi Melinda Gates Foundation (HIV), Susan G. Komen Foundation (kansa ya m'mawere), ndi Michael J.
Fox Foundation (matenda a Parkinson).
Zotsatira Zatsopano Zopeza Zopeza Zopeza Zomwe Amafufuza
Kupeza thandizo la NIH kungakhale kovuta komanso nthawi yochuluka, kotero kuti ikhoza kutengera openda oyendetsa ntchito kutali ndi kufufuza komwe akuyembekeza kuti azichita. Chifukwa cha izi, zingakhale zovuta kuti magulu ang'onoang'ono ofufuza kafukufuku apereke ndalama.
Zikhulupiriro zambiri zimayesetsa kuthetsa izi mwa kugwirizana ndi mabungwe, makoleji, kapena zipatala zofufuza zomwe ziri ndi zothandizira kulimbikitsa ntchito zoterezi. Kuchita zimenezi, nthawi zambiri kumafuna munthu kudzipereka kapena kugawana ufulu wina wofufuza.
Chotsatira chake, amalonda ena ayamba kulandira mfuti ngati njira yopititsira patsogolo kafukufuku wawo pamene akusunga ufulu wawo wonse, ngati si onse. Pali mitundu iwiri yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi:
- Kuchuluka kwa sayansi yomwe intaneti imagwiritsiridwa ntchito ngati nthano yomwe anthu angathe kupereka mwaufulu kufukufuku wogwira ntchito kapena wopitiliza, nthawi zambiri chifukwa chodzimana.
- Kuchuluka kwa ndalama (crowdfunding) zomwe ochita kafukufuku amapempha mobwerezabwereza kwa anthu kudzera m'mabwalo ambirimbiri monga Kickstarter ndi TechCrunch. Mosiyana ndi ndondomeko yopereka ndalama zomwe zimafuna kuti awonetseredwe ndi anzawo, zokhudzana ndi umboni wokhudzana ndi umboni, zowunikira anthu ambiri makamaka cholinga chogwira maganizo a anthu. Zothandizira anthu pazinthu zonsezi ndizozikonda kwambiri.
Zitsanzo za sayansi yochuluka kwambiri imaphatikizapo kulimbikitsa mamembala kapena gulu la sayansi kuti azifufuza, kupereka zotsatira za mayeso, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta kuti agwirizane.
Kafukufuku wambirimbiri, mosiyana, akufufuzidwa kuti athandize mitima ya anthu popanda kupereka umboni wochuluka wofunikira kutsimikizira zonena za sayansi.
Mu 2014, chitetezo cha Immunity Project cha Oakland, California chinakweza madola 460,570 pa katemera wa kachilombo ka HIV komwe adalonjeza kuti adzapereka kwaulere kwa anthu ngati akugwira ntchito. Ngakhale kulibe umboni wosonyeza kuti cholinga chawo chiri chochepetseratu, sipanakhalenso umboni wa kuthekera.
> Chitsime:
> Hayden, E. "Ntchito yowononga katemera wothandizira kachirombo ka HIV imayambitsa mkangano." Chilengedwe; inafalitsidwa pa February 10, 2014.