Utumiki Ungathandize Pitirizani Ukwati Wanu Kukhala Wolimba
Kodi autism m'banjamo imayambitsa kuthetsa banja? Kafukufuku wochuluka adayang'ana mu nkhaniyi ndipo, mosaganizira, aliyense anabwera ndi ndondomeko yotsutsana.
Zimene ofufuza amadziwa, komabe, ndi kuti autism ndi matenda apadera omwe amachititsa anthu odwala. Autism ingapangitse kusintha kosasinthasintha komanso kovuta kusintha, kusagwirizana, ndi zokhumudwitsa kwa makolo.
Kwa mabanja ena, njira yothetsera ndi kuthetsa nkhaniyi imabweretsa mgwirizano wamphamvu. Kwa ena, kupanikizika kungayambitse ukwati ndi kutha.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa vuto losadziwika? Kodi mungatani kuti mukhale mmodzi wa iwo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi nkhawa komanso kukhala olimba?
Mumayankha Mosiyana ndi Mavuto Okhudza Kukula kwa Mwana Wanu
Agogo anu aakazi, aphunzitsi, kapena abisitter akukuuzani kuti amawona chinachake "chotsalira" za mwana wanu. Mwina iwo samayankha pamene atchulidwa kwa ... mwinamwake masewera awo ndi osungulumwa okha ... mwinamwake chitukuko chawo cha chiyankhulo chikuchedwa pang'onopang'ono. Kodi mumayankha bwanji?
Banja lina limayankha m'njira zosiyana. Mayi wina amadziletsa, kapena amavomereza kusiyana kwa mwanayo kuti akhale ndi mphamvu-mwachitsanzo: "N'zoona kuti sakukuyankhani pamene mukuitana. Pakalipano, kholo lina limakhudzidwa, kuyang'ana khalidwe lililonse losazolowereka kapena kuchedwa kwachitukuko .
Kuyankhulana kumachitika monga chonchi:
Mayi A: Amayi anali olondola. Johnny samayankha pamene ndimutchula dzina lake, koma akuwoneka akumva bwino ... Ndikudabwa ngati ndiyenera kumutengera kwa dokotala.
Mayi B: Johnny ndi wabwino. Ndi amayi anu omwe amamvetsetsa kwambiri.
Mayi A: Ndikuganiza amayi anali ndi mfundo; Ndazindikira kuti akuwoneka kuti akutsutsana ndi anthu.
Mayi B: Kodi chonde mungaleke kudandaula ndikugona?
Ngati agogo anali owona, zokambiranazi zidzapitirira. Iwo akhoza kukhala otentha kwambiri.
Panthawi ina, Parent A atenga mwanayo kuti ayesedwe . Panthawi imeneyo, kusagwirizana kungakhale kovuta. Makolo B angakane zotsatira za kafukufuku, kapena kuwawona ngati osafunikira. M kholo limodzi lingamve ngati likukankhidwa pamene winayo amanyalanyaza kapena kukanidwa.
Pakapita nthawi, kusagwirizana kotereku kungayambitse mavuto akuluakulu ngati mafunso angabwere ngati sakugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zothandizira, makampu apadera, kapena mapulogalamu othandizira. Zingakhalenso nkhani ngati makolo akuyankhira kutsutsana pamaso pa ana ena kapena achibale awo.
Dokotala wodziwa bwino, wodziŵa zambiri amangozindikira mwanayo ali ndi autism ngati mwanayo ali ndi kuchedwa kwakukulu ndi zovuta zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu ya mwanayo kugwira ntchito. Chinsinsi, pazimenezi, ndi Parent A kuti afotokoze kwa Mayi B chifukwa chake matendawa ndi othandiza. Makolo angafunikire kupeza zofanana: njira yokondwerera mwana wawo wapadera komanso kuonetsetsa kuti mwana wawo akuthandizidwa kuti azigwira bwino ntchito kunyumba, kusukulu, ndi kumudzi.
Mukuchita Mosiyana ndi Mavuto a Autism
Ana omwe ali ndi autism ndi osiyana.
Kwa makolo ena, kusiyana kumeneku kumakhala kovuta kukwaniritsa kapena mwayi wokalamba ndikuphunzira. Kwa makolo ena, kusiyana kumeneku kumakhala kovuta komanso kokhumudwitsa. Ndi zophweka kumvetsetsa kapena kulingalira, monga ana autistic:
- Musagwiritse ntchito chinenero cholankhulidwa.
- akhoza kupanga phokoso lalikulu-kapena akhoza kukhala chete.
- akhoza kukhala okwiya kapena okhumudwitsa kapena amakhalidwe abwino.
Zimatengera mphamvu ndi malingaliro kuti apeze momwe angagwirire ndi mwana wa autistic, ndipo njirayo ikhoza kukhala yotopetsa. Kwa anthu ena, ndizosatheka kuti mukhale wopambana ndi mwana wa autistic.
Mwina zovuta kwambiri kwa anthu akuluakulu, kukhala kholo la mwana wa autistic kumatanthauza kukhala kunja kwa gulu la makolo.
Mwana wanu sangathe kukhala gawo la masewera kapena gulu. Masewera osewera ndi ntchito yovuta. Kuitana kwa phwando kuli pafupi kulibe. Kukhala kholo la autism kungakupangitseni kudzimva kukhala osungulumwa, okhumudwa, kapena ochita manyazi.
Zimayesa kholo limene limagwira ntchito bwino ndi mwana wodalirika kuti atenge udindo wonse. Pambuyo pake, iwo samangokhalira kuchita-ndipo kholo lina lingamve bwino. Palibe kutsutsana. Vuto ndi njirayi ndi yakuti makolo omwe ayenera kukhala gulu ayamba kukhala moyo wosiyana. Panthawi inayake, iwo sagwirizana mofanana.
Ndikofunika, ngakhale pamene kholo limodzi limatenga udindo waukulu wa autism, kuti kholo lina likhale ndi nthawi yocheza ndi mwana wake. Zingakhale zosokoneza kapena zowopsya poyamba, koma pali zambiri zomwe zingapezeke. Sikuti kholo lidzangodziwa za mwana wake ndi zosoŵa zake, koma angathenso kupeza mphamvu zosayembekezereka zogwirizana. Ndipo ngakhale ndi "chizindikiro" chokha, kutenga nthawi ya mwana wa autistic kungatanthauze dziko kwa mnzanuyo.
Mumayankha Mosiyana ndi Zomwe Simukukayikira Pafupi ndi Autism
Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi matenda ochiritsidwa a zachipatala zingakhale zosavuta kugwirizana pakupeza ndi kutsatira malangizo abwino kwambiri azachipatala. Koma palibe chodziwikiratu chokhudza autism. Nazi njira zingapo zomwe autism zimawonekera kuti zimapangitsa makolo kusokoneza ndi kusokoneza:
- Autism spectrum ndizozizindikiro zokhazokha zomwe, m'ma 1980, zinakula ndikuphatikizapo kulemala kwakukulu. Matenda a Asperger sanawonjezedwe ku bukhu la matendawa kufikira 1994 - ndipo adatayika kachiwiri mu 2013. Kodi "autism spectrum" ngakhale matenda enieni? Ndithudi pali malo osagwirizana!
- Palibe, kuphatikizapo dokotala wanu, yemwe angapereke chithunzi chabwino kwa mwana wanu. Kodi adzakwanitsa kuchita chiyani akamakula? Kodi adzamuthandiza bwanji akakula? Palibe amene amadziwa-osati inu, osati mnzanuyo, ndipo ndithudi si apongozi anu.
- Palibe, kuphatikizapo aphunzitsi a mwana wanu kapena wodwala, angakuuzeni kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kapena mankhwala omwe ali okwanira (kapena ochuluka) kwa mwana wanu. Choipa kwambiri, pali mankhwala ochuluka oopsa komanso / kapena osatetezedwa omwe alipo-ndipo ena angakhale othandiza mwana wanu. Mukhoza kuyesa njira imodzi kapena makumi asanu, ndipo mukhoza kupeza zotsatira zoopsa kapena zoipa.
- Palibe amene angadziwe molondola ngati mwana wanu angapange bwino mu sukulu yophatikizapo kapena sukulu yapadera ya autism kapena kuphatikiza zonse ziwiri . Ophunzira amatha kukhala ndi malingaliro, koma malingaliro awo nthawi zambiri sali olakwika. Njira yokhayo yowunikira ndiyo kuyesa mwana wanu ndi kuyang'ana kuti muwone zomwe zimachitika.
Kusakayikira konseku kumayambitsa kusiyana pakati pa makolo. Ngakhale kholo limodzi likufuna kukhala ndi zizindikiro zowonongeka, wina akufunitsitsa kufufuza njira zatsopano. Ngakhale kholo limodzi likufunitsitsa kuti mwana wawo alumikizidwe ndi anzako, wina amada nkhaŵa za kuzunzidwa ndipo amafuna malo apadera.
Yankho la kusatsimikizika ndilo chifukwa cha umunthu ndi chidziwitso. Mmodzi kholo, mwachitsanzo, ayenera kuti adakhala ndikudandaula pamene wina anali ndi sukulu yoopsa. Mayi wina angasangalale ndikuphunzira za njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira pamene wina akuvutika. Zosankha zokhudzana ndi sukulu kapena kukonzekera munthu wamkulu zimakhudzidwa mtima, chifukwa zili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kwa banja lonse-kotero kusiyana komwe kumayenderana ndi nkhanizi kungayambitse kuyanjana kwakukulu.
Kugonjera kungakhale kofunikira pa izi. Ndizovuta kuti makolo asafune kuvulaza mwana wawo-ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti mitundu ina ya mankhwala "zamoyo" sizingatheke. Kuonjezera apo, makolo onse akhoza kuvomereza kuti zosankha zaulere, zapamwamba (monga public school ndi inshuwalansi zothandizira mankhwala) ndi zoyenera. Ngati zosankhazi sizigwira ntchito, zina zowonjezera zimapezeka.
Mayi Wodzi Amakhala Wachidziwitso cha Autism Pamene Wina Akupewa Nkhani
Ngati kholo limodzi-kawirikawiri mayi-ndiye woyang'anira wamkulu, nthawi zambiri kholo limenelo limayambira ngati munthu amene amaphunzira za autism choyamba. Ndi amene amalankhula ndi aphunzitsi za "nkhani" kusukulu. Ndiyo amene amakumana ndi ana opititsa patsogolo ntchito zachipatala, amapanga kafukufuku woyang'anira, amapita kukayezetsa, ndikumva za zotsatira.
Chifukwa chakuti amayi nthawi zambiri amawathandiza kwambiri, amayamba kafukufuku wofufuza komanso amalimbikitsa. Amaphunzira za malamulo apadera a zachipatala, njira zothandizira , inshuwalansi ya umoyo , magulu othandizira, mapulogalamu apadera, makampu apadera , ndi zipangizo zamaphunziro.
Amayi amatha kukhala omvera chifukwa chotsatsa malonda, misonkhano, mapulogalamu, ndi magulu. Amayi ndi omwe amasunthira ndalama, ndipo nthawi zambiri amamayi amatenga makampani komanso opanda phindu, kuwakakamiza kupereka zinthu zogwirizana ndi autism, zochitika, ndi mapulogalamu. Pamene zochitika ndi mapulogalamu amachitika, amayi ndi omwe amatenga ana awo.
Zonsezi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa abambo (kapena abwenzi omwe sali osamalira odwala) kulumphira ndi kutenga udindo wofanana wa mwana wawo autistic. Sikuti kokha wothandizira wamkulu adanena kuti ali ndi udindo komanso udindo, koma zopereka zochepa zimakhala zochezeka kwa abambo kapena osasamalira monga momwe ayenera kukhalira. Zotsatira zake n'zakuti wodwala wosasamala akuwoneka kuti ndi wodalirika kwa autism. Angakhale ndi udindo wokhala ndi abale ndi alongo kapena ntchito zapakhomo, pomwe sadziwa zonse zomwe mnzakeyo ndi mwana wake autistic ali nazo.
Yankho lodziwika la vuto ili ndilokhalitsa muphuphu. Monga n'zotheka, osamalira okalamba ayenera kugawira udindo ndi udindo. M'malo mogawanitsa ndi kugonjetsa, maanja ayenera kugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti agawane ndi kugwirizana.
Mukuganiza Mosiyana Ndi Nthawi Yanji, Ndalama, ndi Mphamvu Ziyenera Kuyang'anitsitsa pa Autism
Imeneyi ndi nkhani yaikulu-chifukwa maganizo anu pa nkhaniyi adzakhudza pafupifupi zosankha zonse zomwe mumapanga monga banja. Ngati simukutsutsana pazofunikira, mukhoza kupeza kuti simukugwirizana nawo. Ndicho chifukwa chake:
Nthawi ndi yamtengo wapatali. Zimatengera malingaliro kuti tione momwe kuvomereza kumatha kudzaza nthawi yomwe kholo limadzuka. Yambani ndi nthawi yofunika yopitilira maphunziro a IEP (maphunziro apadera) ndi kuyang'anira aphunzitsi ndi opaleshoni mu sukulu. Onjezerani nthawi yofunika yokonzekera, kupita, ndi kupita kukaonana ndi madokotala ndi odwala. Izi sizili zosankha, ndipo sizodzetsa kuyesa kupeza dokotala wodziwa mano a madokotala m'deralo.
Tsopano ganizirani zomwe zingachitike ngati kholo limodzi lingasankhe kufufuza pa intaneti pa nthawi yodzifunira. Gwiritsani ntchito magulu othandizira a autism, komiti yapadera ya sukulu, misonkhano ya autism ndi misonkhano, maphunziro okhudza autism ndi ndalama zothandizira ndalama, ndi mapulogalamu apadera a masewera, mavidiyo, mabuku ... N'zosavuta kuona momwe autism ingagwiritsire ntchito nthawi yonse yomwe ilipo.
Koma ukwati wabwino kapena mgwirizano umatenga nthaŵi yokambirana ndi kudzipereka. Choncho ubale ndi ana ena. Ngati mnzanu wina akunena (ndikutanthauza) kuti alibe nthawi yoyika mnzawo kapena ana ena, ubalewo ukhoza kukhala wovuta.
Ndalama ikhoza kukhala pang'onopang'ono. Ndalama sizingakhale zopanda phindu. Ndipo pankhani ya autism, palibe malire enieni omwe makolo angawononge ndalama. Ndichifukwa chakuti palibe mankhwala odziwika bwino a autism, ndipo (nthawi zambiri) palibe njira yodziwira ngati mankhwala, mapulogalamu, kapena maphunziro apamwamba angakhale othandiza. Choncho, si zachilendo kuti makolo asagwirizane ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndalama, ndi chiyani, kwa nthawi yayitali, phindu lanji la chitetezo cha banja kapena cham'tsogolo.
Kodi ndisiye ntchito yanga kuti ndisamangogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a autism ? Kodi tiyenera kubweza nyumba kuti tipereke sukulu yapadera ya autism? Kodi tingagwiritse ntchito ndalama zothandizira pantchito yatsopano? Gwiritsani ntchito ngongole ya ana ena a koleji kuti mupereke kampu yachithandizo ? Palibe njira yoti onse azigwiritsa ntchito ndalama komanso osagwiritsa ntchito ndalama panthawi yomweyo.
Mphamvu ndizofunika kwambiri. Makolo ambiri amapeza kuti autism ikutopetsa. Ndi ntchito yomwe imatengera kuti atenge ana awo ndi kuvala kupsinjika yosamalira sukulu ya ana awo, mankhwala, madokotala, ndi mapulogalamu apadera, palibe kanthu katsalira kumapeto kwa tsiku. Izi zikachitika, mgwirizano ndi maukwati angasinthe.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri
Ngakhale kuti n'zosavuta kusanyalanyaza kapena kusamvana kusiyana pamene akukula, kusiyana kumeneku kungayambitse mavuto aakulu m'banja. Chofunika kwambiri kuti muthane ndi mavuto amenewa ndi kulankhulana ndi-pamlingo wina-mgwirizano.
> Zotsatira:
> Hartley, S. et al. Zowonongeka ndi nthawi ya kusudzulana m'mabanja a ana omwe ali ndi vuto la autism spectrum. J Fam Psychol. 2010 Aug; 24 (4): 449-457.
> Kennedy Krieger Institute. 80 peresenti ya autism ya chilekano cha kusudzulana inayambika mu maphunziro ake oyambirira a sayansi. Institute of Kennedy Krieger. Webusaiti, 2014.
> University of Wisconsin, Madison. Kufufuza kwa UW-Madison kumaphatikizapo zovuta za autism zovuta paukwati. Yunivesite ya Wisconsin Sukulu ya Mankhwala ndi Zaumoyo Zapamtima. Webusaiti. 2015.