Ngati mukuganiza kuti ndizovuta kumvetsa za autism mwana wanu, mukulondola. Inde, autism ndi vuto lovuta, koma ndilo theka la vuto. Theka lachiwiri ndi lopangidwa ndi akatswiri ogwira bwino ntchito omwe amavala mosamala mawu awo okhudza mwana wanu momwe angathere (ndi kuchita!) Kusocheretsa makolo za mavuto a mwana wawo.
N'chifukwa chiyani katswiri wamakono angasokoneze kholo? Nthaŵi zambiri, iwo sakuyesera kuti azisokoneza. Iwo amangokhala akutsegula zizindikiro zawo, kufotokoza, ndi ndondomeko mwazinthu zomwe iwo amaganiza kuti zidzakhala zabwino kapena, mwinamwake, zowonjezera ndale. Zotsatira zake n'zakuti makolo ambiri angayambitse kusamvetsetsana kwa mwana wawo.
Pano pali mau asanu ndi anai a autism omwe samamvetsetsedwa bwino:
1. 'Kutaya' Kumakhala Moyo Wanga Wonse
Mwinamwake mwamva mawu akuti "kuchedwa" nthawi zambiri pokambirana za autism ya mwana wanu. Kawirikawiri, imaphatikizapo mawu monga "mwana wanu akuchedwa kuchepa."
Tonsefe timadziwa kuti "kuchedwa" ndi chiyani. Ife tonse takhala tikuchedwa mu miyoyo yathu. Macheke, sitima, ndege, ndi chakudya chamadzulo nthawi zambiri amachedwa. Ndiyeno ^ iwo amafika. Ndipo timaganiza "mochedwa kuposa kale."
Koma liwu lakuti "kuchedwa," pamene limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mwana ali ndi autism, silitanthauza zomwe timaganiza kuti zikutanthawuza. Ana omwe ali ndi autism angakhale ndi luso pamene akukula-koma kachiwiri, sangatero.
Chifukwa autism ndi matenda a moyo wonse , omwe amachititsa kusiyana ndi zovuta zomwe sizingatheke, ngati mwana wanu akukulitsa luso ndi luso, nthawi zambiri chifukwa chakuti waphunzira kugwira ntchito kapena ndi zizindikiro za autistic-osati chifukwa iye "amangotenga."
Nchiyani cholakwika pokhulupirira kuti mwana wanu "adzakwera" ndi kukhala, mwa autism lingo, "osadziwika ndi anzake ake?" Nthaŵi zina, makolo amaganiza kuti mwana wawo samasowa kanthu koma nthawi kuti "asinthe". Izi, ndithudi, siziri choncho: mankhwala oyambirira ndi amphamvu ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa wamng'ono ndi autism.
Nthawi zina, makolo amawona kuti mwana wawo ali ndi mavuto koma amakhulupirira kuti atha kuchepetsa kuchedwa kwawo ali ndi zaka 21. Chifukwa chakenso, sangakwanitse kukonzekera zosowa za akuluakulu olumala.
2. 'Osayembekezereka' Ana Ali Olemala, Osati Opambana
Zimakondweretsa kumva kuti mwana wanu autistic ndi "wapadera." Mpaka mutamvetsetsa tanthauzo lenileni la mawuwo.
Zaka makumi asanu ndi anai mphambu asanu ndi anayi pa zana za nthawi, mawu akuti "wapadera" amatanthawuza "kupambana kuposa" kapena "mantha." Koma pamene amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokozera ana ndi autism, zikutanthawuza chinthu chosiyana kwambiri. Zosaoneka, ngati ana omwe ali ndi zosowa zapadera, amatanthauza chinthu china chosiyana ndi "mosiyana ndi ana ena chifukwa cha mavuto awo ndi kulemala kwawo."
Ndi zophweka kwambiri, pamene anawuza mwana wanu "wapadera," kuti ayende mozungulira mwaulemerero wa kunyada. Tsoka ilo, kumverera koteroko kungayambitse kusamvana pakati pa makolo, opatsirana, ndi aphunzitsi-ndipo kungayambitse mavuto ndi ntchito za mwana wanu ndi zotsatira zake.
3. 'Kusokoneza Maganizo' Pang'ono ndi IQ Low
Kubwerera zaka masabata angapo zapitazo, "moron" ndi "idiot" ndizofotokozera malingaliro apadera a nzeru monga momwe amayesedwa ndi mayeso a IQ. Chifukwa mawuwa anali okhumudwitsa komanso osangalatsa, iwo anasinthidwa kukhala mawu omveka bwino akuti "kutayika maganizo." Zaka zingapo zapitazo, "kutaya maganizo" kunatuluka pantchito, chifukwa chofanana.
Masiku ano, mmalo moyang'ana mwana kuti ali ndi "nzeru zakuya" kapena "kutaya mtima," akatswiri amatha kufotokozera mwana kukhala "wotsutsidwa mwanzeru" kapena "kuchedwa mozindikira" kapena "kutsutsidwa maganizo."
Kodi mawuwa akutanthauza chiyani? Mayi aliyense akhoza kukhululukidwa kuti aganize kuti amatanthauza "kuchedwa, koma mwinamwake kuti adzakumane msanga." Anthu ena amaganiza kuti amatanthauza khalidwe lovuta (lomwe limatchedwanso misbehavior). Koma ayi. Monga kale, amatanthauza " kuchita bwino pa yeseso la IQ ." Inde, sikuti mayeso onse a IQ ndi oyenerera kwa ana omwe ali ndi autism ndipo nthawi zambiri ana omwe ali ndi autism amakhala ndi malingaliro abwino kwambiri omwe mayesero a IQ angapereke.
4. Autistic 'Passions' Sizinomwe Mukuganiza kuti Zilipo
Mawu okondweretsa amatanthauza chiyani? Kwa anthu ambiri padziko lapansi, amatanthauza chimodzi mwa zinthu ziwiri: wokonda kwambiri kapena wodzipatuliradi chinachake. Mutha kukhala wopsompsonana, wokonda kwambiri, kapena woyenda panyanja.
Ngakhale anthu ena ali ndi autism ali okondwa mwa njira yamba, izi sizikutanthauzidwa ndi mawu pamene amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri autism. M'malomwake, mawu akuti passionate amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chiphunzitso cholimbikira, kutanthauza kuti sangathe kuchitanso chimodzimodzi mobwerezabwereza. Kotero, mwana yemwe ali ndi " kukhudzika kwa autistic " angaone kuti akufunika kusula chimbudzi mobwerezabwereza, penyani kanema womwewo kosatha, kapena kuyankhula za sitima kupatulapo zokambirana zina zonse.
5. 'Video' kapena 'TV' Kulankhula Sikutanthauza Kuyankhula Zokhudza Mavidiyo kapena TV
Akauzidwa kuti mwana wawo akulankhula "mavidiyo" kapena "nkhani ya pa TV," makolo angasangalale. Pomalizira, mwana wawo akugwiritsa ntchito mawu komanso ngakhale kukambirana nkhani yomwe imakondweretsa ena! Koma ayi. "Kuyankhula pa TV" kapena "kuyankhulana pavidiyo" sikukutanthauza kuyankhula zawonetsero pa TV. M'malo mwake, zikutanthawuza kulankhula ngati TV. Chinthu chinanso chowunikira ichi ndi echolalia.
Kodi echolalia ndi chiyani? Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi autism (ndi achinyamata ena komanso akuluakulu) akhoza kulankhula, koma mmalo mogwiritsa ntchito mawu awoawo, amatha kunena mizere kuchokera kuwonetsero, mafilimu, kapena mavidiyo omwe mumawakonda. Izi zingakhale khalidwe losagwira ntchito la kudzikonda (mawuwo samatanthawuza kanthu, koma zimakhala bwino kuti mupitirize kubwereza mawu omwewo). Komabe, zingakhale zofunikira zoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito chinenero, makamaka pamene mwana amagwiritsa ntchito mawu a munthu kuti anene zimene ali nazo m'malingaliro ake.
6. 'Kulemba' Sikutanthauza Kuwerenga kapena Kulemba Script
Zingakhale zomveka kuganiza kuti "kulemba," kwa mwana yemwe ali ndi autism, kungaphatikizepo kupereka mwanayo pogwiritsa ntchito script kuti agwiritse ntchito mmoyo wina. Kapena mwinamwake, kwa mwana wapamwamba wothandizira, KULEMBEDWA ndi script kuti agwiritse ntchito mu vuto lochititsa mantha. Koma ayi.
Kumbukirani kuwerenga nkhani za kanema kapena TV pamwambapa? Kulemba kumangotanthauza mawu amodzi omwe ali ndi mawu omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kapena osagwiritsidwa ntchito poyankhulana. Icho chimatchedwa "scripting" chifukwa mwanayo waloweza pamtima script ndipo akuliwerenga.
7. 'Miyambo' Palibe Chochita Ndi Chipembedzo
Ndi zachilendo kumva mawu akuti "mwambo" konse-ndipo mukamveketsa, nthawi zambiri mumakhala pamisonkhano yachipembedzo. Mipingo, masunagoge, ndi mzikiti zili ndi miyambo (zochita ndi mawu mobwerezabwereza mofanana ndi mlungu uliwonse) zokhudzana ndi pemphero, kuwerenga, nyimbo, ndi zina zotero.
Ndiye kodi tanthauzo la "miyambo" ya autistic mwana? Pogwiritsidwa ntchito pa nkhani ya autism, "miyambo" ndizobwezeretsa makhalidwe omwe alibe ntchito inayake koma yomwe mwanayo akumverera kuti AYENERA kumaliza. Zikondwerero zimenezi ndi chizindikiro cha Obsessive Compulsive Disorder koma amakhalanso wamba pakati pa anthu okhala ndi autism. Zikhulupiriro zamatsenga zingaphatikizepo kuyika zinthu zina mwadongosolo, kutsegula magetsi, kutsegula chimbudzi nthawi zambiri, ndi zina zotero.
8. 'Makhalidwe Okhazika Mtima' Amakonda Kulaula Makhalidwe Abwino
Kodi "kudzikuza" kungatanthauze chiyani? Icho chimamveka ngati chiwonetsero cha "chikoka chogonana." Ndipo pa nthawi zochepa, khalidwe la mwana wa autistic lingakhalepo. Koma nthawi zambiri ... sizili choncho.
Makhalidwe odzikweza-omwe amatchulidwa kuti "kukondweretsa" -ndiwo mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza makhalidwe monga kuzunkha, kuwombera chala, kusong'oneza, kapena kuthamanga. Makhalidwe amenewa sagwira ntchito (iwo sakufuna kukhala ndi zotsatira), koma amatumikira cholinga. Nthawi zina, kukondweretsa kungathandize munthu kuti autism akhale chete pamene "akuwombedwa" ndi mawu, fungo, kapena kuwala . Kukopa kungakhalenso njira yabwino yothetsera nkhaŵa.
Kawirikawiri, opaleshoni amayesetsa "kuthetsa khalidwe lodzikonda." Pochita izi, komabe, mwina akutsutsa munthu wogwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe akufunikira kuti akhale chete. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mwana wanu akhoza kuyendetsa malonda a "khalidwe lopanda ulemu" ngakhale kuti akuvutika maganizo kwambiri.
9. 'Zochita Zotsutsana' Palibe Chochita ndi Zochitika
Zomwe anthu amakhulupirira ndizo zikhulupiliro zolakwika zomwe anthu ali nazo za anthu ena, malinga ndi mtundu wawo, chipembedzo, chikhalidwe, maluso kapena malo omwe amachokera. Kulondola? Mayi wololera angaganize kuti zochitika zogwirizana ndi autism zingakhale zolakwika zoganiza za munthu wodzinyenga wopangidwa ndi matenda.
Koma simukukayikira kuti mawuwa agwiritsidwa ntchito pa nkhani ya autism, sizikutanthauza kanthu kena. Kumbukirani makhalidwe omwe amachititsa chidwi omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa? Amatchulidwanso, makamaka m'magulu ofufuza, ngati "osasinthika," kapena "makhalidwe osokoneza bongo." Mndandanda wa DSM5 (2013) wa zizindikiro za autism zimaphatikizapo:
Kuwonetseratu kapena kubwerezabwereza kayendetsedwe ka magalimoto, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu, kapena kulankhula (mwachitsanzo, njira zosavuta kugwiritsira ntchito magalimoto, kuika zidole kapena zozizira, echolalia, mawu odiosyncratic).
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati mwana wanu akungoyamba kugwiritsira ntchito masewero kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ma TV, iyeyo amachita nawo khalidwe losavomerezeka.
Kupanga Kuganiza kwa Autism-Lankhulani
Pali ma webusaiti ambiri ndi mabuku omwe amalembera ndi kufotokoza mau okhudzana ndi autism. Ndipo mukamawona mawu omwe simukuwadziwa bwino (monga echolalia, mwachitsanzo) mukhoza kupita kukawoneka. Vuto, komabe, ndiloti mawu ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera autism amveka bwino. Kodi mumadziwa bwanji zomwe simukudziwa pamene simukudziwa kuti simukuzidziwa?
Njira yabwino yodziwira kuti mukutsatira zokambiranazo ndi kufunsa mafunso ngati kuli kotheka ndikupenda kawiri kuti mumvetsetse. Mwachitsanzo, mungamufunse aphunzitsi kuti, "Ndikukumva kuti mwana wanga akulankhula pa TV. Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti akukamba za ma TV?" Kapena mungathe kukaonana ndi katswiri kuti atsimikizire kuti mawu awo ali omveka kwa inu.
Malangizo omwewo, mwa njira, ndi ofunika kukumbukira pamene mukumva mphunzitsi kapena wothandizira akunena zinthu monga "akukulirakulira," kapena "akuchita bwino!" Musanayambe kuti mumadziwa zomwe "zazikulu" zenizeni, funsani "zinthu zazikulu zomwe anachita lero?" Kawirikawiri, mudzapeza kuti inu ndi aphunzitsi a mwana wanu muli ndi malingaliro osiyana kwambiri pa zomwe liwu limatanthauza.