Monga momwe zilili m'dziko la autism , kufotokoza kwa pulogalamu yabwino yophunzitsa kumadalira zosowa za mwana aliyense. Choncho, ngakhale pali zinthu zina zomwe zingakhale zabwino kwa mwana aliyense ali ndi autism, mfundo yaikulu ndi yokhudzana ndi mphamvu za mwana wanu komanso zovuta zake, komanso ngati "atseguka" ndi aphunzitsi awo ndi kukhazikitsa.
Kuti zinthu zikhale zochititsa chidwi kwambiri, mautumiki ndi mapulogalamu akhoza kusiyana ndi chigawo cha sukulu kupita ku sukulu komanso kuchokera kudera kupita ku dera. Chigawo chimodzi chikhoza kugwirizanitsa chithandizo chophatikizana chogwirizanitsa pamene wina ali ndi mphamvu mu Applied Behavior Analysis ndipo popeza palibe "golidi" ya maphunziro a autistic, ana akuwululidwa akuperekedwa potluck. Pakalipano, mabanja osiyana angakhalenso ndi zofuna zokhudzana ndi chithandizo ndi njira zophunzitsira, zomwe zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri kuchokera ku dera kupita ku dera komanso kuchokera ku dera kupita ku dera.
Zonsezi zanenedwa, apa pali zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa maphunziro apamwamba kwa ophunzira autistic:
- Aphunzitsi a mwana wanu (kaya akhale mphunzitsi wapadera kapena mphunzitsi wamaphunziro) ayenera kukhala ndi maphunziro ndi zogwira ntchito pogwira ntchito ndi ana autistic.
- Aphunzitsi a mwana wanu ayenera kukhala ndi chithandizo chovomerezeka chochokera ku sukulu. Ayeneranso kupeza mwayi, maphunziro, ndi zipangizo monga momwe akufunira.
- Mphunzitsi wa mwana wanu ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu (malingana ndi luso lake komanso chuma chake, ndi malamulo a sukulu) kusintha ndondomeko ndi maphunziro pa zofuna za mwana wanu zomwe zimachokera ku IEP (Individualized Educational Program) ya mwana wanu.
- Muyenera kuwona umboni wa njira zosiyana zophunzitsira zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'kalasi la mwana wanu.
- Aphunzitsi ena, kuphatikizapo masewero olimbitsa thupi, makalata a mabuku ndi aphunzitsi ena apadera, ayenera kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza zofunikira ndikuwathandiza pamene akugwira ntchito ndi mwana wanu.
- Muyenera kuona umboni wakuti ophunzira amatsutsidwa ndi kuthandizidwa ponse pa maphunziro ndi anthu.
- Njira zothandizira, monga kulankhula, mankhwala ndi ntchito, zonse ziyenera kupezeka pa malo ndi ufulu wa ndalama zina.
Zosankha Zophunzitsa kwa Ana Ovomerezeka: Mafunso Oyenera Kuganizira
Kuwonjezerapo? Kuphatikizidwa? Maphunziro apadera osowa? Sukulu ya onse? Sukulu yachinsinsi? Kodi ndi zabwino ziti kwa mwana wanu? Yankho, ndithudi, liri_zonse zimadalira! Mafunso ena oyenera kulingalira pamene mukuyamba kuganizira za zomwe mungasankhe ndi awa:
- Kodi mwana wanu autistic amamveketsa ndi kuchita?
- Kodi ali ndi luso lotani la maphunziro?
- Angathe kugwira magulu akuluakulu?
- Kodi amachita bwino ndi zowonjezera zambiri?
- Kodi amakumana ndi mavuto?
- Kodi iye adali ndi nthawi yovuta muzipinda zam'mbuyomu?
- Kodi mapulogalamu anu a sukulu angapereke zotani?
- Kodi mapulogalamu am'deralo amagwirizana bwanji ndi zofunikira za mwana wanu?
- Kodi pali zosankha zanu zapadera kapena zolemba zomwe zimapangitsa kuti banja lanu likhale logwirizana ndi ndalama?
Zomwe Chilamulo Chimafuna Kuchokera ku Sukulu Yanu
Ngati mumakhala ku United States, anthu omwe ali ndi Disability Education Act (IDEA) amafuna kuti chigawo chanu chikhale ndi "Zovuta Kwambiri Zomwe Zingakhalire" pa maphunziro a mwana wanu.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti ayenera kuganizira njira zoterezi monga kuyanjanitsa musanaganize (ndi kuchitapo kanthu) pa malo apadera kwambiri.
Mwinamwake mungathe kusankha kuti mwana wanu azikhala bwino pokhapokha ngati mutasankha kugwira ntchito ndi sukulu za boma, mungafunike kutsimikizira kuti chikhalidwe chokha sichigwira ntchito musanayambe kupeza ndalama zapadera kapena zapadera.
Kukhazikitsa Kwambiri ndi Autism
Kuwongolera kwenikweni ndi nthawi yatsopano yakale (mawu atsopano ndi "kulowetsedwa"). Pamene mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito akugwiritsidwa ntchito, amatha kufotokozera zochitika zomwe mwana wanu ali mbali ya kalasi yopanda chithandizo chochepa chowonjezera.
Malo ena akhoza kukhalamo, koma kawirikawiri, mwana wanu amayembekezeka kuti azichita bwino mu gulu lalikulu, azipita kwa aphunzitsi, ndipo azigwira ntchito kapena pafupi ndi kalasi.
Kuwongolera kwambiri ntchito zabwino kwambiri kwa ana omwe ali apamwamba akugwira ntchito komanso osasamala. Zingakhale zovuta kwambiri kwa ana omwe sali achankhulidwe, odandaula kwambiri, kapena omwe angakhale nawo pamene akuvutika.
Kuphatikizidwa ndi Autism
Kuphatikizidwa ndilo "mawu atsopano" omwe nthawi zambiri amatanthauza chinthu chimodzimodzi monga "kulumikizana ndi chithandizo." Lingaliro ndilo kuti ana autistic amaphatikizidwira m'kalasi ndi ana omwe amatha kukhala nawo koma angakhale ndi zothandizira kwambiri kuti apambane. Zosankha zina zothandizira zikuphatikizapo thandizo la 1: 1, ndondomeko yosinthidwa, magulu apadera a anthu ndi zina zambiri.
Makolo ambiri amasankha kuphatikizidwa ngati kusamvana pakati pa sukulu yapadera yofunikira komanso kusamalidwa kosagwirizana. Ndipo, ndithudi, kuphatikizidwa kungakhale chinthu chowopsya mu malo abwino.
Komabe, pali zina zingapo zomwe zingatheke kuti zikhalepo. Mwachitsanzo, ana otchuka mu kalasi amatha kuyamba kuzunzidwa ndi kunyoza. Ngati mwanayo ali ndi othandizira 1: 1, mphunzitsi akhoza kuona mwana wa autistic ngati "akusamalidwa," ndikuika chidwi pa ophunzira ena. Ngati mwanayo ali ndi ndondomeko yosinthidwa, akhoza kuphunzitsidwa ndi wothandizira osati aphunzitsi ophunzitsidwa, odziwika bwino.
Maphunziro Ofunika Kwambiri
Kawirikawiri, ana autistic amaikidwa m'kalasi yosowa yapadera mu sukulu yapafupi. Njirayi ikhonza kugwira ntchito bwino ngati mphunzitsi ali wophunzitsidwa bwino komanso wodziwa bwino kuphunzitsa ana autistic. Maguluwo ndi ofooka, ali ndi mwayi wogwira ntchito zamalonda, ndipo magulu apadera omwe akusowa nawo amawaphatikizapo pazochitika zonse za kusukulu.
Zolinga zamakono zofunikira, komabe, kawirikawiri, zimapangidwira ana omwe ali ndi chitukuko chachitukuko omwe ali ndi nthawi yovuta ndi ophunzira. Ana ovomerezeka nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto linalake losiyana: amakhala omasuka ndi ophunzira, koma amakhala ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri ndi maluso. Chotsatira chake, pulogalamu yoperekedwa mu sukulu yapadera yofunikira ikhonza kukhala yolakwika kwa mwana wanu.
Maphunziro Ovomerezeka Ovomerezeka M'mabungwe a Masukulu
Zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi mabungwe a maphunziro am'deralo amapereka masukulu apadera othandizira autistic m'masukulu. Zipindazi zimayikidwa kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za ana autistic ndipo zikugwira ntchito ndi aphunzitsi ndi othandizira omwe amaphunzitsidwa ku autism ndi maphunziro.
Zipangizo zamakono zamakono zili ndi ubwino wambiri: kawirikawiri ndizochepa kwambiri, ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha akuluakulu mpaka mwana. Amapereka zothandizira, monga zipangizo zamakono zophunzitsira , zomwe zimasankhidwa makamaka kwa ophunzira odzipereka. Ndipo angaphatikizepo chilankhulo champhamvu komanso maphunziro apamwamba pa masukulu awo. Kuwonjezera apo, ana omwe ali m'zipinda zothandizira autistic, monga omwe ali m'kalasi yapadera, amaphatikizidwapo pamasewero ambiri a sukulu monga misonkhano, nthawi yopuma, ndi zina zotero.
Zipangizo zothandizira magetsi, komabe, zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi sukulu yonse. Ana m'makalasiwa nthawi zambiri amataya nthawi zambiri kapena ana ambiri a autistic. Kuphatikizanso apo, ndi chidwi chochuluka chomwe chimaperekedwa kuti mukhale ndi luso labwino, masukulu awa akhoza kunyalanyaza mphamvu ndi nzeru za mwana wanu. Si zachilendo kuti aphunzitsi a ana omwe ali ndi autism adachepetsera malingaliro a ophunzira awo.
Ziphunzitso zapadera ndi Ophunzira Autistic
Sukulu yachinsinsi. Maphunziro aang'ono. Kusamala kwaokha. Zopweteka kwambiri. Zikumveka zabwino, si choncho? Koma choonadi ndichopokha ngati mwana wanu ali ndi autism ali wokwera kwambiri komanso ogwira ntchito kapena muli ndi zovuta kwambiri, sukulu zambiri zapadera sizivomereza mwana wanu. Mosiyana ndi sukulu za boma, sukulu zapadera sizikuyenera kuti uphunzitse mwana wako. Ndipo masukulu owerengeka omwe ali osungulumwa ali okonzekera bwino kuthana ndi mtundu uliwonse wa zosowa zapadera.
Inde, nthawizonse n'zotheka kuti dera lanu lanu likhale ndipadera yapadera, monga co-op sukulu kapena njira ina yophunzirira, yomwe ndi yoyenera kwa mwana wanu. Ndipo ndithudi n'zotheka kuti mwana wanu ali ndi autism adzakhala ndi luso lofunikira kuti apite kusukulu ya sekondale yaing'ono. Koma zidutswa zonse ziyenera kukhala m'malo mwa sukulu yapadera yaumwini kuti ikhale yoyenera.
"Special" Private Schools ndi Autism
Malo a Philadelphia (kumene ndimakhala) amakomera masukulu khumi ndi awiri odzikonda apadera. Mwa awa, ndi ochepa okha omwe amavomereza kuti ali ndi autism. Zonsezi zimalandira ana okha ndi autism. Enawo angaganizire mwana wa autistic koma avomereze ana otero pokhapokha pazochitika zachilendo.
Chifukwa cha izi ndi chosavuta: zofunikira kwambiri zapadera zimapangidwa kuti zikhale ndi ana omwe ali ndi luso labwino komanso kuwerenga bwino. Ana ovomerezeka amavutika kukhala ndi vuto labwino komanso kukhala ndi luso lowerenga bwino. Kuwonjezera apo, ana ovomerezeka ali ndi mbiri yovuta kwambiri kuphunzitsa kusiyana ndi kuphunzira ana olumala - mbiri yomwe ingakhale yosayenera kapena yosayenera!
Masukulu amenewo omwe amakhazikitsidwa mwachindunji kwa ana autistic ali ndi mwayi waukulu kuti aliyense pa ogwira ntchito amadziwa ndi kumvetsa autism. Angakhalenso ndi zothandizira zosiyanasiyana zamakono zomwe zilipo pawekha, zonse zomwe zingakhale zoyenera kwa mwana wanu.
Komabe, masukulu awa amavomereza ana okha autistic, kutanthauza kuti ana 100% mwana wanu amakumana adzakhala ... autistic. Izi sizikutanthawuza zitsanzo zabwino, osati zochitika zomwe, ndipo palibe momwe amachitira nawo mderalo. Kuwonjezera apo, mtengo wa "sukulu za autism" ukhoza kukhala zakuthambo: kuposa $ 50,000 pachaka kapena kuposerapo. Ngakhale kuti n'zotheka kutsimikizira chigawo cha sukulu kuti alembetse malo osungirako sukulu apadera, kawirikawiri ndigulitsa kwambiri popeza sukulu zoterezi ndizo zowonjezera zachilengedwe zomwe zilipo.
Ziphunzitso za ana autistic nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ngati mwana wanu ali ndi autistic - ndipo motero sangachite bwino pamalo ochepa - kapena osasangalala kwambiri pa malo omwe alipo. Ndipotu, ana ena omwe ali ndi Asperger Syndrome angapite bwino ku sukulu ya ana autistic, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kwambiri chifukwa chododometsa zomwe zimachitika pamodzi ndi zofunikira.
Homeschool ndi Autism
Chifukwa zosankha zophunzitsira mwana wa autistic ndizochepa - ndipo m'madera ambiri pafupifupi osakhalapo - chiwerengero chochulukira cha makolo akuyang'ana ku nyumba za maphunziro. Maphunziro a pakhomo ndi ovuta kwambiri kuti mabanja ambiri azikhala nawo chifukwa pamafunika kuti makolo awo onse azikhala nawo nthawi zonse komanso angakhale ndi ndalama zambiri pamene kholo lina lichoka kunyumba. Kwa mabanja ambiri, chisankhocho chimakhala chodziwikiratu makamaka ngati chiyanjano ndi chigawo cha sukulu chakumidzi chavuta kwambiri.
Panthawiyi, zolemba zambiri ndi mabungwe akuthandizira makolo omwe ali ndi nyumba zapamwamba zozizwitsa. Ndipo, panthawi zina zingakhale zovuta kupeza mabanja ena apanyumba amodzi omwe ali ndi autistic, zimakhala zophweka kupeza magulu a maphunzilo, mapulogalamu, ndi maphunziro.
Imodzi mwazikuluzikulu zomwe zimayang'anizana ndi mabanja akuphunzira za mabanja ndi zomwe anzawo ndi mabanja amachita. Mafunso monga "Kodi mungaphunzitse bwanji chikhalidwe cha anthu?" ndipo "kodi simukupenga?" zingakhale zovuta kukhalabe ndi chidaliro ndi mphamvu. Palinso nkhani zokhudzana ndi kupeza ndi kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala, masewera, ndi zochitika zina zapadera.
Koma "kutsogolo" kwakukulu ku nyumba yophunzitsa ndi kusinthika kwathunthu kwa mwana aliyense. Ngati mwana wanu amakonda sitima, mwachitsanzo, mungagwiritse ntchito Tomasi Tank Engine kuti muphunzitse luso la kuwerenga komanso masamu - njira yomwe ili ndi mwayi wopambana!