Maphunziro aumunthu ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa anthu pa autism spectrum
Imodzi mwa mavuto ofunika kwambiri kwa anthu pa autism spectrum ndivuta kuyanjana ndi anthu. Mkhalidwe wa mavuto ukhoza kukhala wovuta kwambiri (monga kawirikawiri ndi kwa anthu opanda chinenero) kapena wofatsa. Ngakhale mavuto ochepetsedwa ndi kuyankhulana kwa anthu, komabe, angayambitse mavuto aakulu ndi maubwenzi, sukulu, ndi ntchito.
Kodi Magulu Amtundu Wathu Amakhudzidwa ndi Autism?
Nthawi zina, anthu omwe ali ndi autism alibe umoyo wabwino. Angapeze kuti ndi zovuta kwambiri (kapena zosatheka) kuyang'ana maso, kufunsa ndi kuyankha mafunso, kapena kuyankha moyenera ndi chonde ndikuthokozani. Maluso ofunika awa, pamene sangakwanitse kuthandizana ndi ubale weniweni, ndizofunika zothandiza kudzikonda nokha ndikuyanjana ndi munthu aliyense.
Nthawi zina, luso loyankhulana ndilokhazikika, koma pali mipata kumvetsetsa maganizo ndi malingaliro a ena ndi kuyankha moyenera. Nkhanizi, nthawi zambiri, ndi zotsatira za kusadziwa zomwe munthu wina angaganize. Anthu ambiri amatha kuona ena ndikuganiza, kupyolera mu liwu ndi thupi, zomwe "zenizeni" zikuchitika. Kawirikawiri, popanda kuthandizidwa ndi kuphunzitsidwa, anthu autistic (ngakhalenso omwe ali ndi nzeru zoposa) sangathe.
Izi " kuganiza khungu " zingathe kutsogolera ngakhale munthu wogwira ntchito kwambiri pa autism spectrum kuti asokoneze anthu omwe amachititsa mavuto osiyanasiyana.
Popanda kudziwa chifukwa chake, munthu wa autism amatha kupweteka maganizo, funsani mafunso osayenera, azichita zinthu zosamvetsetseka, kapena azidziwombera kuti azitsutsa, akunyodola, akuvutitseni, ndi kudzipatula.
Kodi Munthu Wophunzira Amagwira Ntchito Zotani?
Pamene matenda a autism amagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukirapo, mtundu wina wa mafakitale wakula mozungulira pophunzitsa ana awo ndi akuluakulu zamakhalidwe abwino.
Palibe chomwe chimakhala ngati mgwirizano wa akatswiri othandizira anthu, komanso palibe chivomerezo cha boma. Choncho, akatswiri a zamakhalidwe abwino amachokera ku miyambo yosiyanasiyana ndi maphunziro.
Kawirikawiri, othandizira akatswiri ndi anthu ogwira nawo ntchito, ogwira ntchito zamaganizo, opaleshoni zapantchito ndi oyankhula / amalankhulidwe a chinenero omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri ndi anthu autistic. M'kupita kwa nthawi, adzipanga njira zothandizira anthu kuti azitha kuyanjana ndi anthu, zomwe zimachokera ku luso labwino (monga kuyankhulana maso) ku luso lapadera komanso lonyenga (monga kupempha tsiku).
Nthawi zina, othandizira akatswiri a zaumoyo adalandira maphunziro ndi chidziwitso mwa njira yapadera yokhala ndi chithandizo. Wodwala / akatswiri ofufuza kuphatikizapo Carol Gray, Brenda Myles, ndi Michelle Garcia Winner apanga mapulogalamu ndi zipangizo zomwe zingakhale zothandiza pophunzitsa, kuchita, komanso kupanga chidziwitso cha anthu.
Zaka zaposachedwapa, "chitani nokha" zipangizo zogwirira ntchito za makolo ndi akulu pa autism spectrum zagwera pamsika. Izi kawirikawiri zimatenga mawonekedwe ndi mavidiyo omwe amachititsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizana, pamodzi ndi mfundo ndi malangizo oti "muzichita bwino." Olemba masewera a masewera amagwiritsanso ntchito maluso amtundu wa anthu pogwiritsa ntchito zolemba zolemba ndi / kapena kusintha ndi kuyesa kugwirizanitsa ntchito.
Kodi Amaphunziro Othandiza Anthu Amagulu Amtundu Wotani Amachitira Anthu Omwe Amakhala ndi Autism?
Popeza palibe chidziwitso chovomerezeka kwa akatswiri a zaumoyo, njira zimasiyana. Pachikhalidwe cha sukulu, njira zothandizira anthu amatha kukhala ndi magulu a magulu (kawirikawiri masewera ndi kukambirana) ndi autistic ndipo kawirikawiri amapanga anzawo. Magulu akhoza kuyang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri a zamaganizo a sukulu kapena ogwira ntchito, ndipo akhoza kukhala m'kalasi, chipinda chodyera kapena malo ochezera. Kawirikawiri, magulu a luso la kusukulu amaganizira zosewera masewera, kugawa, ndi kukambirana.
Magulu apamtima osagwirizana ndi anthu ali ndi chikhalidwe chofanana, koma amalipidwa payekha (inshuwalansi ya zachipatala sizingatheke pulogalamu imeneyi).
Ana amagawidwa ndi ukalamba ndi luso, ndipo akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zogwirira ntchito monga momwe zinakhazikitsidwa ndi akatswiri olimbitsa thanzi labwino.
Thandizo la seweroli , kusiyana kwa njira zamakhalidwe abwino, ndizosazolowereka - koma kumene zimaperekedwa, zimatha kukhala zosangalatsa komanso zophunzitsa. Mavidiyo, mavidiyo, machitidwe, magulu othandizira, komanso njira zina zingathe kupezeka m'dera lanu, ndipo ndizofunikira makamaka achinyamata ndi akuluakulu. Chithandizo chodziwika bwino ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena wamaganizo angakhale othandiza.
Kusiyana kwa Mphamvu ya Thandizo Labwino la Anthu
Mwachidziwitso, chithandizo chamankhwala chidzapangitsa anthu ku autism spectrum kuti athe kukambirana, kugawana, kusewera, ndi kugwira ntchito ndi anzako omwe. M'dziko lokongola, mankhwala oterewa amalola anthu ku autism spectrum kukhala osadziwika ndi anzawo.
Ndipotu, chithandizo chamagulu amtunduwu sichitha kuperekedwa oposa ola limodzi kapena awiri pa sabata - ndipo pamene angapereke ophunzira odziwa maluso ndi njira zina ("yang'anani nkhope ya munthu pamene mukukambirana," mwachitsanzo) N'zosatheka kuti munthu wa autistic awoneke ngati wodabwitsa. Pulogalamu yomwe ingakhale ndi zotsatira zoteroyo idzakhala yovuta kwambiri, mosiyana ndi mapulogalamu ambiri omwe alipo.
Kodi Ndingapeze Bwanji Wophunzira Wogwira Ntchito Zogwira Ntchito?
Popeza palibe chidziwitso chovomerezeka kwa akatswiri a zaumoyo, zingakhale zovuta kupeza dokotala woyenerera. Ambiri mwa akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito zamagulu asanakhale ophunzitsidwa bwino ngati obadwa: amapezeka kuti ali ndi luso lamaphunziro m'munda wawo, ndi kumvetsetsa mwachidziwitso momwe angathandizire anthu okhala ndi autism "kupeza" momwe ena amaganizira, kumva, ndi kuchita. Choncho, kuti munthu wina waphunzitsidwa njira yodziŵira anthu sikumamupangitsa kukhala wodwala wabwino. Mwinamwake njira yabwino yosankha ngati wodwalayo ali woyenera kwa inu kapena mwana wanu kuti mupite nawo magawo angapo.
Mapulogalamu ambiri a sukulu kwa ana omwe ali ndi autism amaphatikizapo chithandizo chamagulu. Palibe chitsimikizo kuti munthu amene akuyendetsa mapulogalamuwa ali ndi maphunziro omwe amachititsa pulogalamuyi, choncho pangakhale nthawi yoti kholo lifunse kuti ndi ndani yemwe akupereka mapulogalamuwa ndi chifukwa chake anasankhidwa kuti achite zimenezo. Si zachilendo kwa katswiri wa zamaganizo wa sukulu kapena wogwira ntchito zapamwamba kuti apange mapulogalamu aumoyo ndi maphunziro pang'ono.
Ngati mukufuna kupeza chithandizo chaumwini payekha, lingaliro loyamba ndi kuyamba ndi mutu wa Autism Society of America chaputala kapena AutismLink, zonsezi zomwe zimapereka chidziwitso chokhudza antchito a kumidzi.
> Zotsatira:
> Foden, Teresa. Maluso othandizira anthu: kukhala pamtima wa autism. Interactive Autism Network. Webusaiti. February, 2011.
> Otero, TL, Schatz, RB, Merrill, AC, & Bellini, S. (2015). Maphunziro aumisiri kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto la autism spectrum. Mapatala a ana ndi aang'ono omwe ali ndi ana , 24 (1), 99-115.