Autism ndi "Lingaliro la Maganizo"
"Lingaliro la malingaliro" limalongosola luso laumunthu lomvetsa kuti ndi kosatheka kwa munthu mmodzi kudziwa zomwe zikuchitika mu malingaliro a munthu wina. "Lingaliro la malingaliro" likuwoneka ngati lingaliro lovuta, koma kwenikweni, kawirikawiri limakhala lodziwitsidwa ndi ana asanakwanitse zaka zisanu.
Mwana yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso cha malingaliro amvetsetsa izi mwachitsanzo:
- Ngati abisala, anthu ena sakudziwa kumene ali.
- Ngati iwo amaganiza lingaliro kapena kukhala ndi malingaliro, koma osanena, lingaliro limenelo kapena malingaliro saloledwa kwa ena (ndi kuti ena sangagwirizane nawo malingaliro awo).
- Zomwe amakonda ndi zosakondeka zingakhale zosagawanika ndi ena - ndipo ena akhoza kukhala ndi zosiyana ndi zokonda.
- Iwo ali ndi chidziwitso chomwe wina alibe, ayenera kuyankhula kuti chidziwitso kapena chiopsezo chosamvetsetseka.
- Ngati awona chinachake chimene ena samachitira umboni, amadziwa chinachake chimene anthu ena sadziwa.
Anthu Ovomerezeka Pezani Zovuta Kuwerenga Maganizo
Lingaliro la malingaliro lingakhale losavuta kwa ana ndi akulu pa masewera. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi autism alibe chifundo , koma zimakhala zovuta kwa iwo kuti aganizire zolinga za ena, zolinga zawo, kapena mapulogalamu obisika .
Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti zovuta zimakhala zovuta powerenga maonekedwe osabisa komanso thupi.
Mwachitsanzo, zikhoza kukhala zovuta kwa anthu autistic kuti asinthe ngati nsidze zitakwera ndi chizindikiro cha kudabwa, mantha, kapena kukanidwa.
Nyimbo zomveka zingakhalenso vuto. Mwachitsanzo, timagwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwachinsinsi pa mau ndi mafotokozedwe othandiza kufotokoza lingaliro lakuti ndife kuseketsa, kunyoza, osakhulupirira, ndi zina zotero. Koma pamene anthu ovomerezeka sangathe kuzindikira kusintha kumeneku, iwo angatenge mowa kwambiri, kapena amakhulupirira kuti mawu odzudzula ndi oona mtima.
Zotsatira zake, anthu pa masewera nthawi zambiri samvetsa zolinga za ena kapena zikhumbo. Angathe kulephera kulankhulana kapena kuwalimbikitsa pa zosowa zawo. Kuvuta ndi lingaliro la malingaliro kungapangitsenso anthu a autistic kukhala osatetezeka kuti asocheretsedwe, kuzunzidwa, kapena kuzunzidwa.
Autism ndi "Maganizo-Opusa"
Simon Baron-Cohen, wofufuza kafukufuku, akufotokozera chiphunzitso cha "Mind" monga "... kukhala wokhoza kuthetsa malingaliro onse (zikhulupiliro, zilakolako, zolinga, malingaliro , maganizo, zina zotero) zomwe zimachitapo kanthu. Mwachidule, kukhala ndi lingaliro la malingaliro ndikhoza kuganizira zomwe zili m'maganizo mwa munthu komanso za ena. " Baron-Cohen anakhazikitsa nthawi yopanda chidziwitso cha malingaliro omwe anaitcha "kuganizira khungu."
Ochita kafukufuku kuphatikizapo Baron-Cohen ndi Uta Frith amakhulupiriranso kuti ubongo m'malingaliro ena ulipo mwa anthu onse pa autism spectrum. Iwo amamvanso kuti kusowa kwa chiphunzitso cha malingaliro ndi chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa ubongo, ndipo chiphunzitsocho chimathandizidwa ndi kafukufuku.
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi autism osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi luso lozindikira , n'zotheka kumanga luso la "kuwerenga" pogwiritsa ntchito, kukambirana, ndi kuphunzitsa zamakhalidwe abwino. Ngakhale pakuchita ndi kuphunzitsa, komabe, kuganizira khungu kungakhale kovuta kwa anthu onse a autism m'miyoyo yawo yonse.
Zotsatira:
Baron-Cohen, Simon. Chiphunzitso cha Maganizo mu Kukula Kwambiri ndi Autism. Prisme , 2001, 34, 174-183.
Chevallier C, Noveck I, Happé F, Wilson D. "Ndi chiyani mu Liwu? Zomwe Zimayambitsa Mlandu wa Chikhulupiriro cha Maganizo a Auntiki ya Autism." Neuropsychologia 2011 Feb, 49 (3): 507-17.
Frith, Uta. Opusa Maganizo ndi Ubongo mu Autism. Neuron, Vol. 32, 969-979, December 20, 2001.
Kana, Rajesh, et al. Mapulogalamu ogwira ntchito a ubongo ndi zofunikira zoyera Phunziro lachidziwitso mu Autism.Achikhalidwe Chakumaganizo ndi Chothandizira Pachirombo (2014) 9 (1): 98-105.
Tager-Flusberg, Helen. Kufufuza Lingaliro la Malingaliro Opotoza a Autism. Malamulo Amakono mu Psychological Science, December 2007. Vol 16 no. 6 311-315.