Momwe Autism Imakhudzira Chifundo ndi Chisoni
Chifundo ndikumatha kumverera pamodzi ndi ena. Chifundo ndi kuthekera kwa ena. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a autism amaoneka ngati opanda chifundo komanso opanda chifundo. Iwo akhoza kuseka pamene wina wavulala, kapena atayankha mwachidwi kapena mopanda kukhudzidwa ndi chisoni kapena chimwemwe cha wina. Kodi izi sizikutanthauza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi autism samvera chisoni kapena kumvetsa chisoni?
Zimene Kafukufuku Amanena Ponena za Chisoni, Chisoni, ndi Autism
Kafukufuku wochulukirapo wapita ku funso lakuti anthu omwe ali ndi autism amamveradi ena. Chotsatira chake, timadziwa pang'ono za zomwe zimakhala mu njira ya chifundo; kaya chifundo chingaphunzitsidwe; ndipo ngati akuwoneka kuti alibe kusowa chifundo kumasonyezadi kuti alibe kugwirizana.
Luso la "kuwerenga malingaliro" - kumvetsetsa malingaliro a wina kupyolera mwakuyang'anitsitsa bwino thupi, mawu a voli, mawonekedwe a nkhope, ndi zina zotero - ndizofunikira kuti muzimvera chisoni. Anthu omwe ali ndi autism nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri ndi "malingaliro owerenga," ngakhale ziri zomveka kuti luso likhoza kuphunzitsidwa.
Ngakhale Simon Baron-Cohen akunyalanyaza nzeru zophunzira ku "ubambo woopsa" womwe umaganizira za machitidwe m'malo mogwirizana, Dr. Uta Frith ananena kuti "kulephera kugwirizana kapena kusakanikirana sikuwoneka ngati khalidwe lodziwika bwino la autism kuyambira ali mwana. " Kafukufuku wina wofanana ndi Jones et al omwe amafanizira maganizo a ana a autistic amapeza kuti "kugwiritsidwa ntchito / kugwiritsira ntchito malingaliro okhudzana ndi maganizo a psychopathic ndi ASD ndi osiyana kwambiri.
Zizoloŵezi za maganizo zimakhala zovuta poyanjana ndi mavuto a anthu ena, pamene ASD ili ndi vuto lodziŵa zomwe anthu ena amaganiza. "
Ngakhale Frith, Jones, ndi ena akuwonetsa kuti kusowa chifundo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi autism ndi chifukwa cha mavuto mukulankhulana ndi mawu osalankhula, komabe maphunziro ena amasonyeza kuti kusiyana pakati pa ubongo kungakhale chifukwa cha kusowa chifundo.
Kuwonjezera apo, kufotokoza kwaposachedwapa kunati, "Ophunzira omwe ali ndi ASD angagwiritse ntchito njira yodzidzimutsa kuti athe kupeza malingaliro awo pamaganizo a anthu ena."
Chifukwa Chimene Anthu Ali ndi Autism Angamuwone Wosamvetseka Kapena Wopanda Chifundo
Ambiri omwe akutukuka amaphunzira chiyankhulo cha thupi ndi mawu kuti asonyeze chifundo ndi chifundo poyang'ana ndi kutsanzira makolo ndi anthu ena. Mwachitsanzo, yemwe ali ndi zaka zinayi, mwachitsanzo, akhoza kuzindikira kuti amamva kupweteka chifukwa adziwona kale, kaya payekha kapena pa TV. Mofananamo, akhoza "kumpsompsona boo-boo" chifukwa amamuwona wina akuchita chinthu chomwecho.
Anthu omwe ali ndi autism, sakhala ndi luso lokhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi kuyang'anira ndi kutanthauzira chilankhulo cha thupi. Iwo sakhalanso ochepa kutsanzira ena mwachangu. Choncho, kusowa chifundo kapena chifundo kumakhala chifukwa cha kusowa luso m'malo mopanda kumverera. Chifukwa chakuti maluso ambiri omwe amayenera kumvetsetsa ndi kuyankha malingaliro a ena ndizo luso lomwe lingathe kusokonezedwa ndi autism. Mwachitsanzo:
- Kuti mumve chisoni ndi munthu wina, munthu ayenera kuzindikira zomverera za wina. Anthu omwe ali ndi autism amakhala ndi zovuta powerenga "nkhope" za ena ndi thupi lawo, ndipo sangamvetse bwino mawu awo.
- Kuti mumve chisoni ndi munthu wina, munthu ayenera kugawira chiyembekezo cha wina, maloto ndi / kapena kuyembekezera. Anthu omwe ali ndi autism sangakhale ndi chilakolako chofuna kukondana, kufuna kukhala ndi gulu, kapena kuopa manyazi.
- Kuti mumve chisoni ndi munthu wina, munthu ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokumvetsetsa ndi chakumverera kuti adziwonetsere malingaliro ake ndi wina. Anthu omwe ali ndi autism angakhale ndi zovuta zoganizira - kapena sangakhale ndi chofunikira choyenera kumvetsetsa - ngakhale atatha kumvetsetsa.
- Kuti mumve chisoni ndi munthu wina, munthu sayenera kumverera ndi munthu ameneyo komanso akhale ndi zida zowonetsera kapena kunena za mmene akumverera mumtima. Anthu omwe ali ndi autism sangasonyeze kapena kunena za momwe akumvera m'njira zomwe ena amamvetsetsa.
- Kuti muzimvetsetsa ndi munthu wina, munthu ayenera kugawana chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe chimene chimasonyeza kuti ndi wachifundo ndipo chimafunidwa. Anthu omwe ali ndi autism sangakhale ndi zikhulupiliro, ndipo motero sangathe kumvetsa chisoni ngakhale pamene akumva.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri
Mfundo yofunika: Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi autism angawoneke kuti alibe chifundo, zifukwa zingakhale zogwirizana kwambiri ndi zolepheretsa kuti anthu azitha kulankhulana ndi anzawo kusiyana ndi kukhala opanda maganizo. Kumbali inayi, pangakhale kusiyana kwa thupi kumene kumapangitsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi autism akumvetsetse - komanso amasonyeza chifundo - mwachizoloŵezi.
Zotsatira:
> Baron-Cohen, S .. "Kusiyana kwa kugonana mu ubongo: kutanthawuza kufotokozera autism." Sayansi. 2005 Nov 4; 310 (5749): 819-23.
> Frith, U. "Kukambitsirana: Kuona Maganizo ndi Ubongo mu Autism." Neuron, Vol. 32, 969-979, December 20, 2001, Copyright © 2007 by Cell Press.
Jones, et al. "Kumva, kusamala, kudziwa: mitundu yosiyanasiyana yachisoni pakati pa anyamata omwe ali ndi maganizo a psychopathic ndi matenda a autism spectrum." J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010 Nov; 51 (11): 1188-97.
> Schrandt et al. "Kuphunzitsa luso lomvetsa chisoni kwa ana ndi autism". J Appl Behav Anal. 2009 Spring; 42 (1): 17-32.
> Schulte-Rüther et al. "Zovuta m'magulu a ubongo okhudzidwa ndi chifundo: kufufuza kwa fMRI kwa anthu akuluakulu okhala ndi vuto la autism spectrum." Soc Neurosci. 2011 Feb; 6 (1): 1-21. Epub 2010 Oct 13.