Kumvetsetsa Mavuto ndi Zimene Mungachite
Musakhumudwitse za izo, ndi zabwino kuti mukhale achichepere. Ndi nthawi mu moyo kuti mufufuze kuti ndinu ndani komanso kuti mumafuna chiyani. Ndiko kulandira zoopsa, kupanga zolakwitsa ndikuchita nawo miyambo ya ndime yomwe ili gawo la cholowa cha m'badwo uliwonse. Ndiko kulanda moyo ndi manja onse, ndikukhala kwathunthu komanso opanda mantha.
Koma mumthunzi wa HIV , kodi malamulowo asintha mwamsanga?
Mmene HIV imakhudzira achinyamata
Pamaso pa zinthu, manambala akuwoneka akudzilankhulira okha. Malingana ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), pafupifupi 26 peresenti ya 50,000 Achimereka omwe amawopsa chaka chilichonse ndi kachirombo ka HIV ali ndi zaka zosakwana 25. Ndizo zowopsa zoposa 12,000 chaka chilichonse, kapena matenda atsopano 1,000 mwezi uliwonse. Powonjezerapo kuti 60 peresenti ya achinyamata omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV sadziwa kuti ali ndi chikhalidwe chotani, ndipo akudziwitsa ena kachilomboka mosadziwa.
Koma chiwerengerocho sichisonyeza kuti vutoli ndi lotani. Kulimbana ndi vuto la kachilombo ka HIV ndi kawirikawiri kumakhala kudutsa m'nyumba ya makadi. Zimakhudza zokhudzana ndi khalidwe komanso zachiwerewere, zinthu zowonongeka, zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso zifukwa zina zambiri, zotsatizana ndi zotsatizana. Gwiritsani ntchito vuto limodzi, ndipo dongosolo lonse likuvutika.
Kuphwanya Mawerengero
Kukhazikitsa njira yodziwikiratu ndikofunika kuti tigonjetse izi, ndipo zimayamba kuthana ndi nambalayi kuti zidziwe malo omwe ali pangozi yaikulu.
Poyang'aniridwa ndi a US Centers for Control Disease Control, ofufuza adawona za matenda a achinyamata ku America ndipo adatha kuzindikira kuti:
- Pafupifupi 85 peresenti ya matenda onse a achinyamata ndi kugonana.
- Matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amathamanga palipakati pa 7 mpaka 12 peresenti
- Achinyamata amaimira pafupifupi 60 peresenti ya matenda atsopano.
- Mwa amuna opatsirana, 75 peresenti ndi amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) .
- Mwa ma ARV, 14 peresenti ndi African American ndipo asanu ndi awiri aliwonse ndi Latino.
- Ndalama za achinyamata a ku America ku America zoposa 50 peresenti ya matenda atsopano.
- Latinos ndi African Americans amatha kukhala ndi kachilombo kawiri kudzera mu mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuposa azungu.
Zowononga Zimene Zimapangitsa Achinyamata Pangozi
Koma izi si pamene vuto limasiya. Kuwongolera ziwerengerozi ndizo zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kachilombo ka HIV kawonongeke-makamaka "kunja" komwe sitingathe kuwongolera. Mmodzi mwa iwo:
- Umphawi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa chiwerengero chachikulu cha matenda pakati pa anthu osawuka, kumene kulibe mwayi wopezeka kuchipatala, ntchito, chithandizo, ndi kufalitsa.
- Ngakhale kuti umphawi uli waukulu kuposa ma African America kuposa a azungu, nkofunika kuzindikira kuti kuchuluka kwa matenda pakati pa magulu osauka-kaya oyera, Latino kapena African American-ndi ofanana kwambiri. Chikhalidwe sichitha mbali.
- Kutumiza njira kumathandiza kwambiri pa chiwerengero cha matenda pakati pa achinyamata a MSM, kaya amadziwika kuti ndi amuna okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kapena ayi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo, kuphatikizapo kuopa kufotokozedwa komanso kuopsa kwa chiwonetsero kudzera mu kugonana kosalephereka .
Mofananamo, atsikana amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi kuposa amayi achikulire chifukwa cha maselo amodzi omwe amakhala pamimba . (Pambuyo pa kutha msinkhu, maselowa amaloledwa pang'ono ndi mawonekedwe ophwanyidwa, osakanikirana.)
- Kuvomerezeka kwa chikhalidwe cha abambo ndi amuna achikulire kumaphatikizapo vutoli m'madera ena, chifukwa okalamba amakhala ndi kachirombo ka HIV. Zomwezi ndi zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe ndi zifukwa ziwiri zomwe atsikana amakhala ndi kachilombo ka msinkhu kusiyana ndi anyamata.
- Ku US, pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya matenda opatsirana pogonana (STD) amapezeka pakati pa achinyamata. Ma ARV amagwirizana kwambiri ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha HIV .
- Kuopa kunyada , kuzunza, ndi kudzikonda kumatumiza achinyamata ambiri mobisa, kuwaletsa kuti asafune chisamaliro ndi chithandizo chomwe akusowa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kuvutika maganizo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zomwe zingachititse kuti munthu akhale ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chogonana
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumakhalabe kovuta pakati pa magulu onse, kuchepetsa chiletso ndi kusokoneza chiweruzo. Kufalikira kwa crystal methamphetamine m'dera lachigawenga, makamaka, kwagwirizana ndi 250 peresenti yaikulu ya matenda.
Maganizo a Achinyamata pa za HIV
Komabe vuto lina lakuteteza kachilombo ka HIV ndilo lingaliro la achinyamata athu. Pa kafukufuku wapadziko lonse womwe Kaiser Family Foundation inachita, ofufuza anapeza kuti
- Atatu mwa asanu omwe anafunsidwa ananena kuti kuchepetsa kugonana kunali "lingaliro labwino, palibe amene amachita."
- Mmodzi mwa asanu ndi mmodzi amakhulupirira kuti kukhala ndi zibwenzi zosagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina si "chinthu chachikulu."
- Atatu mwa asanu adanena kuti iwo kapena wokondedwa wawo ali ndi mimba.
- 70 peresenti amagwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira kubereka osati makondomu monga "kugonana mosamala."
- 50 peresenti amagwiritsa ntchito makondomu monga chizindikiro chosakhulupirira, kusakhulupirika kapena kusayera .
- 20 peresenti amakhulupirira kuti mungathe kumuuza munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV powayang'ana.
Chimene chinali chodziwitsa, mwinamwake, chinali chakuti ochepa mwa achinyamata omwe adafunsidwapo anayamba kukambirana za HIV / AIDS ndi abwenzi awo, ngakhale kuti oposa 75 peresenti adanena kuti akufuna zambiri
Njira Zothandiza Zopewera HIV mu Achinyamata
Chifukwa cha zovuta zambiri, zokhudzana ndi HIV ndi achinyamata, zikuonekeratu kuti kuyanjanitsidwa kwakukulu-osati kokha ndi maganizo a anthu koma kuchokera payekha komanso payekha. Ndi zaka zingati zomwe tidziwitse poyera kuti kuperewera kwa chiopsezo kumapita kupitirira mndandanda wa "chiyani-ndi-chiyani-osati." Amafuna kuveketsa, kulimbikira ndi njira yochokera payekha pazinthu zomwe zimakhudza munthu komanso munthuyo.
Koma tiyeni tikhale oona mtima. Palibe njira yoti ife, monga aliyense, tingadziyerekezere kuti tigonjetse nkhani monga umphaŵi ndi mwayi wosamalira. Ndipo palibe chitsimikizo kuti zokambirana zonse padziko lapansi zingalepheretse wina kupeŵa zoopsa zonse nthawi zonse.
Zoonadi, tonsefe tikhoza kuganizira kwambiri za ife eni ndi iwo omwe ali pafupi nafe. Ndipo sizinthu zochuluka zedi pokhazikitsa zizindikiro zochenjeza. Ndikumvetsetsa chikhalidwe cha chiopsezo mwa mitundu yonse; kumene izo zimachokera ndi momwe zingatithandizire kukhala ovuta.
Zimangokhala "kulumikiza madontho" -kuwonetsa chiopsezo chokhudzana ndi malingaliro ndi zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe-kuti titha kuyambadi kusankha bwino.
Zimene Mungachite Kuti Muchepetse Pangozi Tsopano
- Yambani mwa kupeza zenizeni zokhudza HIV / Edzi, kugonana koyenera, kubereka , kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu , etc. Dziphunzitseni nokha, kufuna malangizo ndi zolemba kuchokera kuzinthu zodalirika, zowona.
- Dziwani bwino nokha kuyambira pachiyambi kuti zolakwa zimachitika . Agwiritseni ntchito kuti mumvetsetse chifukwa chake cholakwikacho chinachitika (mwachitsanzo mowa, kukakamizidwa ndi anzanu) ndi kufufuza njira zoti musadzabwererenso.
- Kusintha kwapanikizika kwapanikizika. Sitikunena za "kutembenuza tsamba latsopano," koma m'malo mozindikiritsa kusintha kotheka kumene mungachite pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu.
- Yesetsani kupeŵa chiwerengero ndi magawo ena pazokambirana za HIV. Kwa ena, chiopsezo cha 30 peresenti ya chinachake cholakwika ndi chimodzimodzi ndi 70 peresenti mwayi kuti sizingatero.
- Ngati pali vuto ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mowa, kapena kupanikizika, kuthana nazo poyamba. Mfundo yofunika: Palibe njira yeniyeni yopangira chidziwitso chodziwika mpaka nkhaniyi itayankhidwa.
- Monga kholo, yesetsani kuonetsetsa kuti zokambirana zokhudzana ndi kugonana zitha msinkhu. Nthawi zonse cholinga chanu chikhale chodziwikiratu, ndipo yesani zovuta zanu kuti musamawapereke kwa ana anu.
- Chotsani taboo kapena malemba "osatsutsika" kuchokera ku zokambirana zokhudza kugonana kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ndi bwino kuti winawake akuyimbireni ngati pali vuto kusiyana ndi mantha omwe mungachite ngati ali m'mavuto. Izi ndizoona makamaka pa nkhani zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kapena amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mosasamala chikhalidwe kapena zikhulupiliro, sikungatheke kuthetsa kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotere ngati chirichonse "chichotsedwa pa tebulo."
- Pokhala ndi zokambirana za HIV, yesetsani kuti musamudye munthu ndi mafunso monga "Kodi ...?" kapena "Kodi ...?" M'malo mwake, pitirizani kukambirana pofunsa kuti, "Mukudziwa chiyani za ...?" kapena "Kodi mumamva bwanji ...?"
- Pankhani ya kukakamizidwa kwa anzanu, yesetsani kugwira ntchito pamodzi kuti mupange njira. Achinyamata nthawi zambiri amanena kuti amatsutsidwa ndi anzawo chifukwa chakuti "sadziwa zomwe anganene."
- Kuthandizira mwakhama mapulogalamu a maphunziro a kachilombo ka HIV ku sukulu komanso ku magulu a achinyamata. Khalani "odziwika" othandizira anthu akhoza kutembenukira.
- Ndipo potsiriza, CDC imalimbikitsa kuti achinyamata omwe ali pa chiopsezo cha pakati pa zaka 13 mpaka 24 ayesedwe kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana kamodzi kamodzi panthawi yoyezetsa. MSM yogonana pogonana ayenera kuyesedwa kamodzi pachaka.
> Zotsatira:
> Buchacz, K .; McFarland, W .; Kellogg, T., et al. "Amphetamine amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa amuna omwe agonana ndi amuna ku San Francisco." AIDS. September 2001; 19 (13): 1423-1424.
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). "Mliri wa HIV pakati pa anyamata omwe agonana ndi amuna - mizinda isanu ndi iwiri ya US, 1994-2000." Kuchiza ndi Kufa Sabata Sabata. June 1, 2001; 50 (21): 440-4.
> CDC. "Kuwoneka mliri wobisika." Zotsatira za matenda opatsirana pogonana ku United States, 2000. " Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2000.
> Hader, S .; Smith, D .; Moore, J. et al. "Kutenga kachilombo ka HIV mu Akazi ku United States." Journal ya American Medical Association. 2001; 285 (9): 1186-1192.
> Kaiser Family Foundation. "Kafukufuku Wonse wa Achinyamata ndi Achinyamata Achikulire: Thanzi la Umoyo, Chidziwitso, Maganizo ndi Zochitika Zakale." May 19, 2003. Kufalitsidwa kwa 3218