Kodi mukudziwa kuti amayi okwana 20 miliyoni padziko lonse akukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV (kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a munthu) ndi Edzi (yomwe inapezedwa ku immunodeficiency syndrome)? Malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO), theka la anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV / Edzi ndi amayi 20 miliyoni.
Makampani a ku United States a Mavuto a Matenda (CDC) amavomereza kuti azimayi okwana 159,271 ndi achikulire anali ndi AIDS kumapeto kwa 2002.
Kukula kwa US AIDS m'mabanja achikulire ndi amayi akuluakulu pafupifupi kasanu ndi kawiri mu 1985 mpaka 26 peresenti mu 2002. Uthenga wabwino ndi wakuti, ngakhale kuti chiwerengerochi, chiwerengero cha Edzi mwa amayi achikulire ndi achikulire anagwa ndi 17 peresenti panthawiyi ndipo Amadwalitsidwa chifukwa cha mankhwala opatsirana pogonana omwe amathandiza kuti HIV isapitirire ku Edzi.
Chomvetsa chisoni n'chakuti pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya AIDS yomwe inalembedwa ku CDC kudutsa mu December 2002 inachitika mwazimayi omwe anali ndi zaka 25 kapena zazing'ono. Ngakhale kuti akazi achikhalidwe cha ku Spain ndi Africa-American amapanga osachepera 25 peresenti ya chiwerengero cha akazi a ku America, iwo amawerengera akazi oposa 82 peresenti ya AIDS.
Kodi HIV imachokera bwanji?
Padziko lonse lapansi, njira yoyamba yofalitsira kachilombo ka HIV ndi kudzera m'magonana ogonana ndi amuna oposa 90 peresenti ya achinyamata onse komanso akuluakulu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV akuchitika motere. Ku United States kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kunabweretsa 42 peresenti ya kachilombo ka HIV mu 2002, pamene 21 peresenti ya kachilombo ka HIV mwa amayi adakula chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Ngakhale kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka pakati pa amuna ndi akazi panthawi yogonana, kugonana kwa amayi ndi koopsa kwambiri. Kuwoneka kwa mazira a mucosal mucosal kumadzi amadzimadzi pa nthawi yogonana ndizovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha izi. M'masiku oyambirira a mliri wa Edzi, kale kuwonetsetsa kachitidwe ka magazi ndi zamagazi kwa ma antibodies, kachirombo ka HIV kanakhalapo kwa odwala ena chifukwa cha kulandira magazi ndi mankhwala.
Njira zina zowonjezera kachirombo ka HIV zimaphatikizapo:
- Kupewa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena kugawana kapena kugwiritsa ntchito singano zogwiritsidwa ntchito kale
- Amuna ndi amuna kugonana
- Kuyankhulana ndi madzi a munthu wina monga magazi, nyemba, kapena zobisika za m'mimba (Siphatikize thukuta kapena phula.)
Chonde dziwani kuti kugonana kumaphatikizapo kugonana komanso kugonana , komanso kugonana .
Kodi zizindikiro za HIV / AIDS ndi ziti?
Ngakhale amuna ndi akazi ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana, amayi nthawi zambiri amayenera kutsutsana ndi zizindikiro zina zachikazi za HIV monga:
- Matenda opatsirana kapena amphamvu kwambiri a abambo makamaka matenda a yisiti .
- Mapuloteni a Pap omwe amasonyeza kuti pali dysplasia yachiberekero kapena kusintha kwina kwachilendo.
- Matenda a pelvic monga matenda opweteka m'mimba (PID).
Ngakhale amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kawirikawiri amakumana ndi thanzi la amayiwa, amayi omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV amakumana ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana , mapepala osakanizika a Pap , ndi matenda opatsirana.
Zizindikiro zina zomwe zingasonyeze kuti kachilombo ka HIV ndi:
- Zilonda zamtundu
- Zilonda zamkati
- Wopambana mucosal herpes matenda
Kawirikawiri, mkati mwa masabata angapo odwala, amuna ndi akazi amatha kuona zizindikiro za chimfine. Ena alibe zizindikiro za HIV kapena Edzi mpaka zaka zingapo pambuyo pake.
Izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi ziopsezo zamakono kapena zapamwamba zowononga. Zizindikiro zina zimapezeka kuti kachirombo ka HIV / AIDS kamaphatikizapo:
- Kutupa zilonda za m'magazi m'khosi, m'malo opumula, kapena kubuula
- Matenda afupipafupi omwe amaphatikizapo thukuta usiku
- Kulemera kofulumira kopanda kudya
- Nthawi zonse kutopa
- Kuchepetsa kudya ndi kutsekula m'mimba
- Mawanga oyera kapena zosaoneka bwino m'kamwa
Kumbukirani, njira yokhayo yomwe mungadziwire ngati muli ndi kachirombo ka HIV kapena ayi ndiyeso.
Kodi ndizoopsa zotani?
Chifukwa timadziwa kuti kachilombo ka HIV, kamene kamayambitsa matenda a Edzi, amafalikira kudzera m'madzi amadzi monga magazi, nyemba, ndi zobisala, zimakhala zosavuta kumvetsetsa kuti khalidwe loopsa lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi HIV / AIDS ndilo:
- Ntchito yamakono kapena mbiri ya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a hypodermic
- Mbiri ya kugonana kwa mankhwala kapena ndalama
- Kugonana mosatetezeka ndi mwamuna yemwe wagonana ndi mwamuna wina
- Kugonana mosatetezeka ndi munthu amene panopa kapena adayesedwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo
- Mbiri ya anthu ambiri ogonana, kapena kukhala ndi mnzanu yemwe mbiri yake imaphatikizapo anthu ambiri ogonana nawo
- Kugonana mosatetezeka ndi munthu amene ali ndi zifukwa izi
Chiopsezo chanu cha HIV chikuwonjezeka ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, TB (TB), kapena matenda opatsirana pogonana, kapena ngati munalandira magazi kapena chotsekanitsa pakati pa 1978 ndi 1985 pamene magazi sanaganizidwe kawirikawiri kwa ma antibodies.
Simumapewa HIV / AIDS mwa kupsyopsyona, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwezo, kukumbatirana, kupyolera mu thukuta kapena mthunzi, kapena kuyanjana kwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngakhale kuti palibe vuto limodzi la kachilombo ka HIV, ndiye kuti chiwerengero cha amayi ndi akazi sichiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ofufuza sanganene mosakayikira kuti kugonana kwa amayi ndi kachilombo si kachilombo ka HIV.
Kodi ndingadziteteze bwanji ku HIV / AIDS?
Chitetezo chotsutsana ndi HIV / Edzi n'chotsimikizika kwa aliyense amene amakhalabe ndi chilakolako chogonana komanso osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo . Izi sizingatheke chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu ambiri moyenera komanso moyenera komanso / kapena madamu a mano ndi ofunika kwa omwe sali pachibwenzi chokhalitsa. Inde, pamene makondomu ndi madontho a mano amatha kuteteza chitetezo cha HIV / Edzi, muyenera kudziwa kuti makondomu kapena madontho a mano sizongopeka. Makondomu nthawi zina amathyola ndipo sakhala chitetezo cha chitetezo ku HIV / AIDS, STDS, kapena pregnancy.
Musayese kuti "muteteze kaŵirikaŵiri" nokha pogwiritsira ntchito kondomu ya amuna ndi akazi nthawi yomweyo. Izi zingawononge kondomu imodzi kapena onse awiri, motero silingateteze munthu wina aliyense kuchokera ku HIV kapena matenda ena opatsirana pogonana (STD).
Kodi ndikuyezetsa bwanji HIV?
Kuyezetsa magazi kosavuta komwe kumayang'ana HIV-antibody ndizofunikira kuti mudziwe ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Mayesowa amachititsa kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies opangidwa ndi thupi pofuna kuyesetsa kumenyana ndi HIV.
Ngati mukukhulupirira kuti kachilombo ka HIV kakuchitika , lankhulani ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wanu za HIV. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yaitali kutalika kwa kupezeka kwa kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri (12) yomwe ingatenge nthawi yaitali miyezi 6-12 nthawi zina zisanafike. Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala angakulimbikitseni kuyesa mwezi umodzi, miyezi itatu, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo chaka chimodzi chitatha.
Kuwonjezera pa dokotala wanu, dipatimenti yaumoyo ya m'dera lanu, chipatala cha matenda opatsirana pogonana, kapena chipatala chothandizira kulera angakuthandizeni kuti muyesedwe. Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza kuyesa kachilombo ka HIV ndikupeza chipatala choyesera m'deralo pitani ku CDC ya National HIV Testing Resources site pa http://www.hivtest.org kapena kuyitanitsa CDC National AIDS Hotline maola 24 pa tsiku, masiku 365 pachaka :
- 1-800-342-AIDS (1-800-342-2437)
- 1-800-AIDS-TTY (1-800-243-7889) TTY
- 1-800-344-AIDS (1-800-344-7432) Chisipanishi
Zowonjezera: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda a EDZI (CDC), ndi World Health Organization (WHO).