Matenda atatu mwa asanu omwe amachititsidwa ndi odwala omwe sakudziwa amadziwa kuti ali ndi vutoli
Pazifukwa zina, madokotala amatha kudziwa omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotengera kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga chiwerengero cha HIV , machitidwe oopsa , kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi zina. kwa munthuyo akhoza kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.
Kuchokera m'malingaliro a anthu, ochita kafukufuku amatha kuchita chimodzimodzi poyerekeza chiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo kochokera kudziko lenileni, chidziwitso cha epidemiological.
Chimene apeza ndi chakuti chinthu chimodzi chokha, choposa china chirichonse, chikukhudzidwa ndi vuto lochepetsera kufala : kukhala mkati ndi kukhalabe kuchipatala.
Ndipotu, ngakhale popanda mankhwala opatsirana pogonana (ART) , nthawi zambiri amamuwona dokotala kuposa momwe angaperekere chiopsezo chotumiza kachilombo ka HIV poyerekeza ndi munthu amene amapezeka.
Kutumiza kachilombo koyambitsa matenda kwa HIV ndi gawo la chisamaliro
Ofufuza kuchokera ku Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ku Atlanta posachedwapa adapanga masamu pogwiritsa ntchito deta kuchokera ku HIV / AIDS ndi Project Monitoring Project (MMP).
Phunziroli linalimbikitsa kudziwa momwe anthu angapatsire kachilombo ka HIV komwe kumakhalapo pa zomwe zimatchedwa HIV Care Continuum (ie, ngati ayesedwa, akusamala, mankhwala, etc.) ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingamuike munthu chiwopsezo chapamwamba kapena chochepa chakutenga.
Akuti anthu pafupifupi 1,150,000 omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amakhala ku US lero.
Mwa iwo, pafupifupi:
- 82 peresenti amapezeka
- 37 peresenti ali ogwirizana ndipo amasungidwa mosamala
- 33 peresenti ali pa ART
- 25 peresenti imadwalitsidwa ndi nthendayi yosadziwika
Pofotokozera ziwerengero izi ndi ma data omwe amapezeka mwachindunji kuchokera ku MMP, ofufuza a CDC adatha kuzindikira kuti kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha ma ARV ku US ndi 3.9 pa anthu 100 pa chaka (100PYs).
Atsutsa chiwerengerocho panthawi ya chisamaliro, ofufuza anazindikira kuti:
- Anthu omwe sanadziwe kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV anali ndi chiwerengero cha matenda a 6.6 pa 100PY (pafupifupi kawiri pawiri).
- Anthu amene anapezekapo-amene amangodziwa kuti ali ndi udindo wotani, mosasamala za matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi 5.3 pa 100PYs.
- Anthu amene anapezeka ndi kusungidwa mosamala anafalitsidwa 2.6 matendawa pa 100PYs.
- Anthu analembera ART omwe sanatengere matenda opatsirana pogonana 1.8 pa 100PYs.
- Anthu analembera ART omwe anali atasokonezedwa mwachisawawa ndi ma ARV okha pa 100PYs.
Kuchokera m'malingaliro a anthu, kuchuluka kwa mavoti (58 peresenti) kunawoneka mwa amuna omwe anagonana ndi amuna (MSM) . Ndipo pamene achikulire omwe ali ndi zaka 35-44 anali ndi 34 peresenti ya zofalitsa zonse, chiwerengero chachikulu cha matenda opatsirana (6.2 matenda pa 100PYs) chinachitika pakati pa akuluakulu 25-34 .
Kotero Kodi Izi Zikutiuza Chiyani?
Kuchokera kudziko lenileni, ziwerengerozi zimatsimikizira kuti odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, omwe sangathe kuwoneka, amakhala ndi kuchepa kwa 94 peresenti poyerekeza ndi omwe sapezeka. Kuika bwenzi losatetezeka ku HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) kungachepetsenso chiopsezochi.]
Pazithunzizi, ziwerengero zimasonyezanso kuti, pamene odwala omwe sapezeka nawo amaimira 18 peresenti ya anthu onse omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ku US, amawerengera oposa 30 peresenti ya matenda onse. Choipitsitsabe, anthu omwe amadziwa bwino zaumoyo wawo amakhalabe osasunthika kuti asamalire nkhani za matenda opitirira atatu mwa asanu alionse atsopano .
Njira ya MMP ikugwirizanitsa ziwerengero izi pofika poti 62 peresenti ya anthu omwe sanadziwike nthawi zonse amachita nawo kugonana kosagonana . Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, anthu 16 pa 100 aliwonse omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV adanena kuti palibe kugonana kwa kondomu, ngakhale kuti ochepa (10,5 peresenti) adapewa makondomu ngati sakuwoneka.
Mofananamo, odwala omwe ali ndi chisamaliro komanso omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV adanena kuti ali ndi zibwenzi ziwiri ndi zitatu zogonana chaka chatha, poyerekeza ndi omwe sanadziwe kapena osasamala (8 mpaka 8.8). Zotsatira zomwezo zinali zowonedwa kwa odwala omwe adamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe ndi oposa 0.9 peresenti ya omwe ali pa chidziwitso cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo la ART poyerekeza ndi 6.3 peresenti omwe sanadziwe.
Pomwepo, uthenga wochokera kunyumba ndi wosavuta: kukhala ndi kusamalira kumaimira kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chiopsezo cha kachirombo ka HIV, kusiyana ndi kuchepetsa mwayi wopatsirana pogonana pamene kutenga kachilombo ka HIV , mosasamala kanthu za chiwerengero cha HIV kapena mtundu wa regimen , kumachepetsa chiopsezo ndi zina 30 peresenti.
Kwenikweni, kuyesedwa kwa HIV kungachepetse chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV mwa magawo 19 peresenti, ponena kuti kudziwitsa nokha kungathe kusintha khalidwe la munthu payekha. Ndithudi malo abwino oti muyambe.
Kuti mupeze malo oyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV kapena kupeza chithandizo cha HIV pafupi ndi inu, pitani ku malo a malo a AIDSVu ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi a Rollins School of Public Health ku Emory University, kapena muwone malo omwe ali ndi HIV / AIDS m'dera lanu, ambiri omwe alipo maola 24 tsiku.
Zotsatira:
Skarbinski J, Rosenberg E, Paz-Bailey G, et al. Virus Transfer Virus (Transfusion Virus Transmission Transmissions) pa Chigawo chilichonse cha Care Continuum ku United States. Journal ya American Medical Association Internal Medicine. 2015; 175 (4): 588-596.