Chifukwa Chakumene Mungapezere Mauthenga Anu Kungakhale Kowopsa Kwambiri Kachilombo ka HIV

Mizinda ya US Yomwe Ili ndi Mitengo Yapamwamba Kwambiri

Zowopsa za HIV ndizo zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu kapena chocheperapo kutenga (kapena kupatsira) HIV . Nthawi zambiri timatengera izi kutanthauza chimodzi mwa zinthu zinayi:

• Mtundu wa munthu
• Kugonana
• Zochita zogonana (mwachitsanzo, kugonana koyambako , kugonana pamlomo )
• Makhalidwe ena omwe angawonjezere kapena kuchepetsa mwayi wa matenda (mwachitsanzo, makondomu , kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo , mankhwala opatsirana pogonana )

Zowopsa za HIV sizitanthauza kuti munthu adziwe ngati ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV; M'malo mwake akuyesetsa kuwonetsa chiopsezo cha munthu kuti ali ndi HIV kuti athe kutenga njira zothetsera chiopsezo. Ndipo ngakhale pamene zinthu zina sizikusinthika-monga mtundu kapena kugonana-zingatithandizire kupanga chidziwitso chodziwiratu pogwiritsa ntchito mmene kachilombo ka HIV kakufalikira pakati pa anthu kapena gulu lathu.

Chifukwa chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe sitikukambirana mobwerezabwereza, ndi momwe mukukhalira zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chiopsezo chanu cha HIV, zonse mwachindunji komanso mwachindunji.

HIV Kwenikweni Matenda a Mzinda

HIV imakhalabe, ambiri, matenda ammudzi. Nthawi zambiri mumakhala mizinda yambirimbiri ya anthu oposa 500,000 ndipo makamaka m'madera omwe ali pachiopsezo osati kokha ku HIV koma ku matenda ena omwe angatengere.

Ngakhale kuti mphamvu za matenda zimatha kusiyana ndi dera ndi dera, miliri imayambitsidwa ndi umphawi, kusowa kwa ntchito zokhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV, komanso kuchepa kwa thanzi labwino kwa mliriwu.

Ku US, chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kachilombo ka HIV kamakhala ku South, komwe anthu 18.5 mwa 100,000 ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Izi zikutsatiridwa pafupi ndi kumpoto chakummwera (14.2) ndi kumadzulo (11.2).

Chodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri, zisanu ndi zinayi zomwe zikuphatikizapo kum'mwera zimaphatikizapo 40 peresenti ya matenda atsopano ngakhale kuti zikuimira 28 peresenti ya anthu a ku United States.

Malingana ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), madera akuluakulu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV (mwachitsanzo, chiwerengero cha HIV) ndi awa:

1. Baton Rouge, Louisiana
2. Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
3. New Orleans, Louisiana
4. Jackson, Mississippi
5. Orlando, Florida
6. Memphis, Tennessee
7. Atlanta, Georgia
8. Columbus, South Carolina
9. Jacksonville, Florida
10. Baltimore, Maryland
11. Houston, Texas
12. San Juan, Puerto Rico
13. Tampa-St. Petersburg, Florida
14. Mzinda wa New York City-Newark-Jersey, New York-New Jersey
15. Little Rock, Arkansas
16. Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-Maryland-West Virginia
17. Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas
18. Charleston, South Carolina
19. Las Vegas, Nevada
20. Los Angeles, California

Chithunzicho chimasintha pang'ono mukayang'ana kufalikira kwa HIV m'midzi ya US. Mosiyana ndi chiwerengero cha chiwerengero cha anthu, chiwerengerochi chimatiuza anthu angapo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka 100,000 omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.

Mizinda ya ku United States yomwe ili ndi kachilombo koyambitsa HIV (chiwerengero cha anthu 100,000 okhala) ndi:

1. Miami (1,046)
2. San Francisco (1,032)
3. Fort Lauderdale (925.8)
4. Philadelphia (881.9)
5. Mzinda wa New York (859.7)
6. Baltimore (678.5)
7. New Orleans (673.3)
8. Washington, DC (622.8)
9. Newark (605.7)
10. Jackson, Mississippi (589.7)
11. San Juan, Puerto Rico (583.2)

1. West Palm Beach (579.4)
2. Baton Rouge (560)
3. Memphis (543.5)
4. Columbus, South Carolina (509.1)
5. Atlanta (506.6)
6. Los Angeles (465.2)
7. Orlando (460.7)
8. Jacksonville (451.4)
9. Detroit (410.7)

Mmene Mmene Mzinda Ungayankhire Ungapitirire Kuchulukitsa, Kuchepetsa Phindu la HIV

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kufalikira kwa HIV sikukutanthawuzira ku chiwerengero chapamwamba cha matenda atsopano. Ngakhale m'midzi yomwe ili ndi matenda akuluakulu a HIV, yankho labwino la thanzi labwino lingathe kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV.

Tenga San Francisco, mwachitsanzo, mzinda womwe unayankha mliriwu pokhala woyamba kuitanira kuyesa ndi kuchiritsidwa mu 2010.

Ngakhale kuti kachilombo ka HIV kanali kachilombo koyambanso kuwonjezereka kwa HIV, mchitidwe wowopsya wa mzindawo unachititsa kuti matenda atsopano apitirire, podula nthawi zatsopano 302 zokha zisanafike chaka cha 2015. Zimakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kachilombo ka HIV PrEP -exposure prophylaxis) akhoza kudula mitengo ngakhale kuposa.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kusowa kwa mgwirizano wogwirizana kungayambitse chivomezi ngakhale m'midzi yazing'ono, osati m'midzi. Tinawona izi mu 2015 mu tawuni ya Austin, ku Indiana (anthu 4,295), kumene anthu oposa 100 omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV adalangizidwa pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amene adagawana singano panthawi yomwe amamwa mankhwala ozunguza bongo. Chiwerengerochi chimatchulidwa mwachindunji kuti boma likuletsedwa pulogalamu ya kusinthana ndi singano (NEPs) yomwe cholinga chake chinali kuteteza matendawa.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti maiko ena omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi omwe amaletsanso a NEP (kuphatikizapo Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas), ndipo ngakhale kuti pali umboni wochuluka wa sayansi wosonyeza kuti mapulogalamu a NEP amathandiza kupewa matenda opatsirana mwazi kutumiza.

Mofananamo, akuti omwe sanalandire patsogolo Medicaid, omwe amapangidwa kuti apereke chithandizo chamankhwala kwa anthu opeza ndalama, ali pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas).

Malingana ndi Zomwe Zimayendera Bwino ndi Ndondomeko Zopangira Malamulo, kulandira chithandizo cha Medicaid kumapereka anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kuti athe kupeza chithandizo chochuluka osati chithandizo chokhalitsa.

Ku boma la Massachusetts, mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwakukulu kwa zaumoyo kunapereka chithandizo ndi chithandizo cha HIV kwa 91 peresenti ya anthu okhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kuchepetsa ndalama zothandizira anthu odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi ndalama za madola 1.5 biliyoni.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, boma la Alabama linayenera kutenga 25 peresenti ya bajeti yake ya ADAP (AIDS Drug Assistance Program) kuchokera ku ndalama za boma mu 2011-zambiri zomwe zikanakhoza kutumiza pazinthu zina zaumoyo wa anthu kuyambira 81 peresenti ya omwe ali ADAP anali a Medicaid woyenera.

Zonse zanenedwa, oposa theka la anthu osalimbikitsidwa ndi omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa omwe amakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV amakhala m'mayiko omwe anakana kufalikira kwa Medicaid. Ambiri amavomereza kuti kuwonjezeka kwowonjezera kumapatsa anthu omwe akusowa kwambiri-pakati pawo, African-American ndi amuna ogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha-pangozi yaikulu kwambiri ya matenda, matenda, ndi imfa.

Mizinda Yomwe Ili ndi Ochepetsa HIV

Malinga ndi CDC, kufalikira kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV m'madera omwe si a m'madera ambiri a US kumayendayenda pafupifupi 112.1 pa 100,000. Mwa mizinda 107 yomwe ilipo mu lipoti lake la 2015, zisanu ndi chimodzi zokha zinagwa pansi pa izi:

1. Boise, Idaho (71.7)
2. Rapid City, Michigan (100.1)
3. Fayetteville, Arkansas (108.8); Madison,
4. Wisconsin (110)
5. Ogden, Utah (48.6)
6. Provo, Utah (26.9)

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mizinda khumi ndi iwiri ya United States yomwe ili ndi kachilombo ka HIV kwambiri ndi:

1. Provo, Utah
2. Spokane, Washington
3. Ogden, Utah
4. Boise, Idaho
5. Modesto, California
6. Worcester, Massachusetts
7. Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
8. Madison, Wisconsin
9. Scranton-Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
10. Knoxville, Tennessee

> Zotsatira:

> American Medical Association. "Ndondomeko za Kusintha Nthano M'ndale za US." JAMA. March 2016; 18 (3): 252-257.

> Zigawo za Ndalama ndi Zopindulitsa za Ndondomeko. "Medicaid Zidzakhala Zotsatira Zopititsa patsogolo, Zomwe Zidzakhala Zochepa kwa Anthu omwe Ali ndi HIV." Washington, DC; inafalitsidwa pa Oktoba 11, 2012.

> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. (2015) Nkhani yowunika HIV, 2014 (Vesi 16). Atlanta, Georgia: CDC.

> Snider, J .; Juday, T .; Romley, J ;; et al. "Pafupifupi 60,000 Osalimbikitsidwa ndi Anthu Ochepa Amene Ali ndi HIV / Edzi Akukhala M'madera Amene Sakuwonjezera Kugonjetsedwa." Health Affairs. March 2014; 33 (3): 386-393.