Zosowa zapadera siziri zovomerezeka ndi akuluakulu a zaumoyo
Anthu akhala akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi miyoyo ya anthu a transgender pambuyo pofalitsidwa kwambiri kuchokera ku Caitlyn Jenner komanso kuyesayesa kwa ochita zachiwawa monga Orange Is The New Black wojambula Laverne Cox ndi wolemba / wolemba Chaz Bono.
Ngakhale kuti ali m'gulu lalikulu la LGBT (anthu opatsirana pogonana, amuna okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha), sizinayang'ane kwambiri ndi anthu a transgender makamaka makamaka pa zaumoyo komanso zosowa za amuna ndi akazi (MTF) ndi amuna ndi akazi (FTM) transgender people.
Kafukufuku waposachedwapa waganizira za momwe HIV imakhudzidwira pa anthu ophwanya malamulo, kuphatikizapo zotsatira za anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV. Chimene ambiri adatsimikiza ndi chakuti chiopsezo cha HIV sichinali chosiyana pakati pa gululi, koma kuti kumakhalabe kusamvetsetsana kwakukulu pokhudzana ndi zosowa za amayi ndi abambo a transgender, ambiri omwe akadali opanda malire.
Kufala kwa HIV mu Transgender People
Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV omwe akudwala omwe akudwala, pafupifupi 1.3 peresenti amadziwika ngati akazi a transgender. Kuwongolera mwatsatanetsatane kunatsimikiziranso kuti, m'mayiko 16 omwe ali ndi mliri wamwamuna (kuphatikizapo US), kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa akazi ophwanya malamulo amayenera kukhala 19.1 peresenti-kuchulukitsitsa kwakukulu ndikuwoneka ngati kofala (mwachitsanzo, 15 peresenti ya anthu kapena kuposa).
Ndalama za kachilombo ka HIV, zodabwitsa, zinali zazikulu m'mayiko olemera kwambiri (21.6 peresenti) kusiyana ndi m'mayiko otsika komanso osapitilirapo (17.7 peresenti), omwe amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chopeza HIV poyerekeza ndi anthu ambiri.
Komabe, chiŵerengero chachikulu cha zonse, chinali ku US, choposa 27.7 peresenti ya kufalikira kwa HIV.
Ngakhale kuti palibe deta yochuluka yokhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa amuna ochimwa, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV komanso machitidwe awo a chiopsezo amaonedwa kuti ndi otsika, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2008 a US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Vuto la HIV mu Transgender People
Azimayi a Transgender ku US ambiri amalephera kuponderezedwa komanso kusagwirizana ndi anthu kusiyana ndi anthu omwe sali ophwanya malamulo, kawirikawiri amakhala opanda phindu komanso ndalama zochepa zowonjezera. Ambiri (60-70 peresenti) samalandira chithandizo chachipatala nthawi zonse osati chifukwa cha mtengo wokha koma chifukwa cha kusowa kwa maubwenzi ovomerezeka. Chotsatira chake, chiwerengero chachikulu cha MTF ndi FTM-chikukakamizidwa kupeza mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osayenerera , zomwe zimadziwika kuti zikhoza kuwonjezera kachilombo ka HIV.
Mavutowa akuwonjezereka kwambiri pa achinyamata a MTF transgender, omwe amakhulupirira kuti anthu okakamizidwa kugonana (52 peresenti), amangidwa (37 peresenti), kugonana pofuna kupeza ndalama (59 peresenti), komanso vuto lopeza ntchito (63 peresenti) chiopsezo chachikulu cha HIV .
Kuwonjezera apo, kugonana kwakukulu chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mowa (53 peresenti) kunalumikizidwanso ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba cha kugonana kosamalidwa kosavomerezeka (49 peresenti). Ndipo pamene kugwilitsila ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi kusankhana kwa singano kunali kosawerengeka, 29 peresenti adaika kuti silicon yamadzimadzi yojambulidwa mwachindunji-chizoloŵezi chosagwirizanitsa ndi kachilombo ka HIV koma kamodzi kamene kamakhudzana ndi zotsatira za thanzi labwino (kuphatikizapo scleroderma , embolism ya kupuma, ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti munthu asatengeke).
Zosowa Zosagwirizana Zosagwirizana mu Transgender Women
Zonsezi zimangowonjezera chiopsezo cha amayi omwe ali osiyana siyana, ndi kudzipatula komanso kusalana kumene kumakhudzanso kachilombo ka HIV komanso chisamaliro cha nthawi yaitali kwa omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi kusowa kwa kufotokozedwa kwa amayi ambiri omwe ali ndi HIV. Kusanthula kwa 2008 kwa CDC kunanena kuti, pamene 27.7 peresenti ya amayi a transgender anayesa HIV, koma 11,8 peresenti okha adadziwika kuti ali ndi HIV.
Izi zikhoza kufotokozera, chifukwa china chake, chifukwa chakuti akazi ochepa omwe amadziwika kuti transgender amatha kumamatira mankhwala ndipo chifukwa cha 50 peresenti pa mankhwala amatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zowononga tizilombo .
Ngakhale pakati pa akazi ophwanya malamulo omwe ali ndi inshuwaransi yaumoyo omwe amawona nthawi zonse wothandizila, 25 peresenti amaganizira ndalama, kupeza mwayi kwa akatswiri, ndi kuvutika kwa ochita zachinyengo komanso odziwa bwino ntchito zawo monga zopinga zosamalira.
Kusintha kwa zamakono zamakono - komanso kumvetsetsa bwino zosowa za amuna ndi akazi olakwira - kungathandize kwambiri kuti asamakhale ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi chitetezo kwa anthu omwe ali pangozi. Mwachindunji, izi ziyenera kuphatikizapo:
- Kumvetsetsa kwakukulu ndi ntchito zothandiza kuti ziyanjane ndi gulu la transgender.
- Kudziwa kuti munthu wa transgender ndi wotani, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito maitanidwe abwino ndi maudindo.
- Kupeza bwino njira zothandizira zaumoyo.
- Maphunziro ndi zida zothandizira zogwirizana ndi zochitika za transgender.
Zotsatira:
Mizuno, Y .; Frazier, E .; Huang, P .; et al. "Zizindikiro za Transgender Akazi Okhala ndi HIV Akulandira Thandizo Lachipatala ku United States." Matenda a LGBT. April 28, 2015; do: 10.1089 / lgbt.2014.0099.
Baral, S.; Poteat, T .; Strömdahl, S .; et al. "Mdziko lonse lapansi muli ndi vuto lalikulu la HIV mwa amayi osayanjana. Matenda Opatsirana a Lancet. March 2013; 13 (3): 214-222.
Herbst, J ;; Jacobs, E .; Finlayson, T ;; et al. "Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV ndi zoopsa za anthu a Transgender ku United States: Kukambirana Kwambiri." AIDS khalidwe. January 2008; 12 (1): 1-17.
Sanchez, N .; Sanchez, J .; ndi Danoff, A. "Ntchito Zothandizira Zaumoyo, Zolepheretsa Kusamalira, ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Hormone pakati pa amuna ndi akazi a Transgender Persons ku New York City." Buku Lopatulika la Umoyo Wathanzi. April 2009; 99 (4): 713-719.
Lombardi, E. "Kupititsa patsogolo chithandizo chachipatala cha transgender." Zolemba za American Health Health ; 91 (6): 869-872.