Kwa nthawi yaitali ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (IDUs) amaonedwa ngati gulu pangozi yowonjezereka ya kupeza kachirombo ka HIV . Izi zikuchitika makamaka m'madera akum'mawa kwa Europe ndi Central Asia kumene mankhwala opangira jekeseni akupitiriza kukhala njira yaikulu yopatsira anthu, omwe amawerengera pafupifupi 70% mwa kachilombo ka HIV.
Kawirikawiri, timakonda kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga heroin kapena kuphatikizapo heroin ndi cocaine ("speedballing").
Ndipo pamene izi zikupitirira kukhala mankhwala omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, pakhala pali kusintha kosintha kwa kayendedwe ka mankhwala m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Malingana ndi lipoti la 2013 la Public Health England (PHE), kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza jekeseni, mafano ndi opanga mphamvu (IPEDs) monga anabolic steroids ndi hormone ya kukula kwa anthu (HGH) ikukula, ndi chiopsezo cha HIV chofanana omwe a ogwiritsa ntchito heroin omwe amagawana singano.
Ndipotu, m'madera ena a UK, anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito IPED amaimira gulu limodzi, gulu lalikulu la anthu omwe amalandira mapulogalamu osinthana ndi singano, ndipo pafupifupi mmodzi pa khumi ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV , matenda a chiwindi (HBV) , kapena hepatitis C (HCV) . Lipotili linanenanso kuwonjezereka koopsa, katatu kogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa amphetamines (kuphatikizapo crystal methamphetamine ndi mephedrone) pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito IPED.
Zaka zapakatikati za gulu la maphunziro zinali zaka 28, ndipo 36% adanena kuti atenga anabolic steroid kwa zaka zisanu kapena kuposerapo.
Zonsezi, pafupifupi 18 peresenti amawawuza mwina kugwirana ndi singano kapena syringe, kugawaniza vial, kapena onse podula IPED.
HIV ndi Anabolic Steroid Ntchito
Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri timayanjana ndi anabolic steroids ndi omanga thupi ndi othamanga, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina mankhwalawa amatchulidwa kwa anthu omwe adakumana ndi mavuto aakulu chifukwa cha HIV kapena kutaya mitsempha yoopsa chifukwa cha lipodystrophy (omwe nthawi zina amawomboledwa mafuta).
Thandizo la Testosterone limagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV omwe akhala akudwala kwambiri testosterone ( hypogonadism ).
Ngakhale mankhwala osokoneza mavitaminiwa alipo - kuphatikizapo kumwa mankhwala, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi ma jekisoni amadzimadzi amadziwika kwambiri pa nkhani ya mankhwala.
Ili kunja kwa nkhaniyi, m'dera la chithunzithunzi ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito, kuti chiopsezo cha HIV chikuwoneka chikuwonjezeka. Masiku ano lipoti likunena kuti ku England ndi ku Wales, dera limene PHE yophunzira likuyang'ana, paliponse pali anthu 37,000 mpaka 82,000 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito anabolic steroids mkati mwa chaka.
Anabolic Steroids ndi Amphetamines
Pakati pa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito IPED mu phunziroli, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amphetamines kunawoneka kukhala okwera kwambiri pakati pa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) . Malingana ndi kafukufukuyu, mmodzi mwa anthu anayi adanena kuti akuyambitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe 25% anagawana singano kapena syringe.
Zakhala zikudziwika kuti kugwiritsa ntchito jekeseni amphetamines (kotchedwa "slamming") kungapangitse mwayi wopatsirana kachirombo ka HIV-osati kokha pamene singano zigawidwa. Kuwopsa kwa kugonana kumadziwika kuti kuwonjezeke mothandizidwa ndi crystal methamphetamine ndi mankhwala ofanana omwe amapanga.
Ngakhale kuti izi zikhoza kufotokoza za kachilombo ka HIV komwe kunawonedwa pakati pa ophunzira, ambiri mwa anthu 5% adanena kuti akumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso 9% okhawo adagawana singano. Choncho, ngakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa amphetamine kungapangitse chiopsezo chotengera kwa munthu payekha, sizikuwerengera kuti chiwerengero cha HIV / HBV / HCV chimawonjezeka pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito IPED.
Mmene Mungacheperere Kuopsa Kwambiri Kutumiza
Imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri pakuchepetsera chiopsezo cha kachilombo ka HIV m'magwiritsa ntchito IPED ndikuyamba kuvomereza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito jekeseni anabolic steroids, HGH, testosterone, kapena chorionic gonadotropin imakhala ndi zofanana zofanana ndi mankhwala ena alionse ojambulidwa.
Choncho, malamulo omwewo akugwiritsanso ntchito pochepetsa makhalidwe oipa, omwe ndi:
- Musagwirizane ndi singano kapena mapiritsi, ndipo pewani kugawana kachilombo ka IPED pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri.
- Pezani ndondomeko yosinthana ndi singano kuti mutsimikizire kuti muli ndi singano zambiri kapena masipiringi.
- Ngati mukupeza kuti muli ndi singano kapena kugwiritsiranso ntchito, chitani zoyenera kuti muwonetsetse kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa ntchito.
- Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito IPED mukakhala mowa mwauchidakwa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena zinthu zina zomwe zingakhudze chiweruzo chanu. Funani mankhwala abwino ngati mowa kapena kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso.
- Ngati munagawana singano ndikuopa kuti mwakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV, pitani kuchipatala chanu chapafupi kapena chipinda chodzidzimutsa mwamsanga kuti mukapeze post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP ), yomwe imadziwika kuti kuchepetsa kachirombo ka HIV.
Ndipo potsiriza, kumbukirani kuti HIV siyo yokha yoganizira za IPED. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anabolic steroids ndi testosterone nthawi yaitali kungabweretse mavuto aakulu a chiwindi, kuphatikizapo chiwindi ndi khansara. Zojambulajambula, maonekedwe a mwamuna, testicular shrinkage, kugonana kosagwira ntchito, kutambasula kwa prostate, kukulitsa mawere, ndi "kukwiya koopsa" (kumenyana kwakukulu ndi nkhawa) kumatchulidwanso.
Chitsime:
United Nations Joint Program on HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Zolemba patsamba 06 | Kummawa kwa Europe ndi Central Asia." Geneva, Switzerland; 2006.
Chiyembekezo, V .; McVeigh, J ;; Marongui, A .; et al. "Kukula kwa, ndi zoopsa za HIV, matenda a hepatitis B ndi C pakati pa amuna omwe amajambula zithunzi ndi ntchito zowonjezera mankhwala. British Journal of Medicine. September 12, 2013; 3 (9): e003027.
Home Office. "Buku lothandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo: Zowunikira ku Crime Survey ku England ndi ku Wales." London, England; July 25, 2013.
Grinspoon, S. "Kugwiritsa Ntchito Androgens Amuna ndi Akazi Ogonjetsedwa ndi HIV." Madokotala Research Network Notebook. March 2005.