Kumvetsetsa Chifukwa Chake Transgender Anthu Ali Pangozi ya HIV
Deta yokhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa anthu osiyana siyana nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kupeza monga abambo kwa amuna (FTM) ndi amuna kapena akazi (MTF) sizinayi zomwe zimafotokozedwa pazinthu zambiri zoyang'anira. Dziko la California ndilopadera, powonjezera kuwonjezera pa MTF ndi FTM monga zosankhidwa za amayi mu 2002.
Phunziro la 2008 linatsimikizira kuti pakati pa anthu osamvera ku California, 6,8% anali ndi HIV .
Ichi chinali chiŵerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha gulu lirilonse mu boma, kuphatikizapo amuna omwe agonana ndi amuna (MSM) . Zowonjezerapo, Afirika Achimereka m'dera la transgender anali ndi chiwerengero cha matenda pafupifupi 29%.
HIV pakati pa anthu ochimwa ndizofunikira, komanso zosagwirizana ndi anthu. Malingaliro a chikhalidwe cha anthu pa nkhani yogonana ndi ntchito za amai kugonana pakati pa gulu lonse, kuika amuna ndi akazi achi transgender kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo ku chiopsezo ndi matenda.
Kufotokozera Transgender
Mawu akuti transgender ndi mawu ophatikizana kwa munthu yemwe chikhalidwe chake ndi chikhalidwe chake chimasiyana ndi zomwe zimayembekezeredwa chifukwa cha chibadwidwe chawo. Zizindikiro zogonana zomwe zimagwera pansi pa ambulera ya transgender zikuphatikizapo:
- Wolowa pamsewu - munthu amene amavala zovala nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha
- Azimayi kapena amai - omwe amadziwika kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi, amaphatikizapo amuna ndi akazi
- Transsexual - omwe amapeza kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi awo amatsutsana ndi kugonana kwawo. Anthu awa amamva kuti thupi lawo la thupi siliyimira kuti iwo enieni ndi amuna okhaokha.
- Transvestite - nthawi ina (yosatayika) nthawi yokhala wopondereza
- Cisgender - yemwe amadziwika ndi amuna omwe anapatsidwa pa kubadwa
- Wachikondi - amagwiritsa ntchito kufotokoza munthu amene amadziwika ngati onse amuna ndi akazi; palibe mwamuna kapena wamkazi; kapena amuna kunja kwa chikhalidwe chachikhalidwe chachimuna (chachikazi ndi chachikazi)
Si zachilendo kuti anthu asokoneze chidziwitso cha kugonana ndi kugonana, kapena kugwirizanitsa awiriwa pamene palibe mgwirizano. Mwakutanthauzira, kugonana kumalongosola chitsanzo cha kukonda, kukonda, kapena kugonana kwa munthu wina. Kulingalira kwasayansi ndikuti kugonana sikusankha ndipo m'malo mwake kumakhudzidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa mahomoni ndi majini pachiyambi chakukula kwa uterine.
Gender identity, mosiyana, imatanthawuza za amuna kapena akazi omwe amadziwika ngati. Gender identity ingasinthe pakapita nthawi ndipo sizigwirizana nthawi zonse ndi kugonana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wina wabadwa mwamuna amadziwika kuti ndi wamkazi, akhoza kugonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kapena kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Chigamulo cha HIV pakati pa Transgender People
Ngakhale njira zofalitsira anthu m'madera osiyana siyana ndi osiyana ndi anthu ena, pali zifukwa zina zomwe zimapangitsa anthu ochimwa kukhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha HIV.
- Zowopsya ndi chiopsezo chodziwitsira nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzindikira ndi kufikitsa mamembala a anthu osiyana nawo. Izi sizingowonjezera kuyesetsa kuti tipewe kufalitsa, zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsirana nthawi zambiri sizili zachindunji kwa anthu kapena, poyipabebe, kusiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi.
- Kawirikawiri, iwo omwe amadziwika ngati transgender amadziwa kuti anatomy yawo ndi yosiyana bwanji ndi dokotala. Popanda kufotokozera, kupititsa patsogolo zaumoyo ndi maphunziro zimakhala zovuta. Achipatala nthawi zambiri amalephera kuzindikira chidziwitso ichi, kupanga kupititsa patsogolo zaumoyo ndi maphunziro kuvuta kwambiri.
- Anthu omwe amadziwika ngati transgender nthawi zambiri amayesa kugonana ndipo nthawi zina amazindikira kuti, pakati pa a MTF ophwanya malamulo amadziwika kuti ndi azimayi. Kuphatikizanso, ambiri amagwira ntchito yogonana pofuna kuthandizira kuledzera; Kupanga ndalama zothandizira mahomoni; kapena chifukwa chakuti kusankhidwa kwa ntchito kumawaika pavuto lachuma. Kugawanirana kwa anzalala kumakhala kofala pakati pa omwe akuyambitsa ma hormone akuchulukitsa ngakhale chiopsezo chotenga.
Kodi N'chiyani Chingachitike?
Mipata ya chithandizo, chisamaliro ndi kufalitsa kumaonekera m'madera omwe kachilombo ka HIV kamakhala kovuta. Ntchito yowonjezereka ikupangidwira kudzaza mipata imeneyi, kuphatikizapo ntchito zachinyengo zomwe zimapatsa anthu ammudzi chitetezo, mankhwala ndi chithandizo.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za maselo okhudza HIV:
- Othandizira ayenera kumvetsetsa zosowa za gulu la transgender ndikukhalabe okhudzidwa pa nkhani zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi kudziwika kwaokha.
- Makampani a inshuwalansi ayenera kumvetsa kufunika kokhala ndi mavitamini komanso kuyesetsa kuti athe kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala chokwera mtengo.
- Maphunziro oletsa kupewa anthuwa ayenera kukhala okhudzidwa ndi gulu la transgender m'njira yosamala zosowa zawo, nkhawa zawo ndi mantha awo.
- Omwe akuwunikira aliyense ayenera kusamala kwambiri kuti odwala awo azikhala otetezeka kufotokoza zizindikiro zawo zogonana ndi kulemekeza zomwe zizindikirozo zatchulidwa kale (mwachitsanzo, ntchito yoyenera ya "he" kapena "she").
Chitsime:
Herbst, J. et al; "Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV ndi zoopsa za anthu a Transgender ku United States: Kukambirana Kwambiri." AIDS Behavio r. January 2008; 2 (1): 1-17.