Ku United States, Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Matenda Olemala amanena kuti ana omwe ali ndi matenda a autism ndi matenda ena okhudzana ndi chitukuko ayenera kuikidwa mu "zovuta" zomwe zingatheke. Kusukulu, chikhalidwe chochepetsetsa ndi, ndithudi, kalasi yamba.
Kawirikawiri, ana ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi autism amatha kuchita kalasi yamba chifukwa kawirikawiri magulu a sukulu amakhala ochepa, ndipo aphunzitsi achikulire amayembekezera ana ang'onoang'ono kuti azikhala mofulumira mosiyana ndi kuwonetsa magawo osiyanasiyana okhudza kugonjetsa maganizo.
Mnyamata wina wazaka ziwiri yemwe ali ndi "kusungunuka" sali wosiyana kwambiri ndi wachiwiri wazaka ziwiri yemwe ali ndi "kupsa mtima." Ngati mwana wa sukulu ya autistic akukhala wankhanza, ngakhale munthu wamng'ono, wosaphunzitsidwa anganyamule mwanayo kumalo ena mpaka atachepetse.
Mu sukulu ya boma, komabe zinthu ndi zosiyana.
Kuyambira ali wamng'ono kwambiri (kawirikawiri ndi kalasi ya 1), ophunzira amatsutsidwa kuti akhale pamtunda kwa nthawi yaitali, kumvetsera ndi kuyankha malangizo ambiri, kuyanjana ndi kuyanjana ndi anzanu akusukulu, kukambirana ndondomeko zovuta, kuyankha mokweza mabelu ndi malo ozungulira, ndi-zovuta kwambiri zonse - phunzirani, mwa kutsanzira momwe mungakhalire "mwana wamba" m'malo osasinthika a chikhalidwe monga chakudya chamasana ndi kupuma.
Mwachidule, sukulu ndizovuta kwambiri kwa munthu yemwe wasokoneza luso la mawu, samaphunzira mwa kutsanzira, ndipo amakhumudwitsidwa mosavuta ndi kusintha, mkokomo waukulu, ndi zinthu zosapangidwira zomwe ziyembekezero sizitanthauzira kapena kuzifotokozedwa.
Malingaliro, pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la IDEA, ana onse olumala ayenera kukhala nawo m'zipinda zamakono. Mwachizolowezi, izi sizingatheke nthawi zonse, zothandiza, kapena zofunika. Munthu yemwe sangathe kuphunzira kuyankhula, kuwerenga, kapena kulemba sangayembekezere kupeza zambiri kuchokera m'kalasi momwe kulankhula, kuwerenga, ndi kulemba ndi njira yokha yolankhulirana kapena kufotokoza kwa kuphunzira kwa ophunzira ena onse.
Koma nanga bwanji mwana yemwe angathe kuwerenga, kulemba, ndi kulankhula - koma ndi ndani amenenso ali autistic? Kodi munthu ameneyo ayenera kukhala "pamalo apadera" kapena m'kalasi?
Popeza lamulo limapereka kuti gulu lonselo limakonda (ndipo mabanja ambiri amasankha lingaliro la kulowetsedwa kulikonse), ana omwe ali oyenerera mpaka apamwamba ogwira ntchito autism nthawi zambiri amaikidwa m'kalasi yamodzi ndi othandizira 1: 1 - munthu yemwe cholinga chake chonse chiri akuyenera kumuthandiza mwana mmodzi kuti athe "kupeza maphunziro onse".
Malinga ndi dziko limene mukukhala, 1: 1 akuthandizira kapena sangayesedwe kuti akhale ndi maphunziro a ku koleji kapena maphunziro a autism omwe akugwira ntchito yawo (ngakhale kuti onse amafuna maphunziro apamwamba). Mulimonsemo palibe othandizira kuti aziphunzitsa ophunzira omwe ali ndi udindo wawo.
Ndiye kodi 1: 1 amathandiza bwanji? Yankho lake limasiyanasiyana pa zochitika zonse, koma apa pali njira zina zomwe wothandizira angathandizire mwanayo ndi autism kuti akhale gawo la maphunziro apamwamba:
- Wothandizira angatsogolere mwana wanu kuti apitirize kuganizira kwambiri ophunzira kuti amuthandize kupeza buku loyenera kapena tsamba, kutsatira malangizo, kukweza dzanja lake, ndi zina zotero.
- Wothandizira angathandize mwana wanu kuti aziyendetsa khalidwe lake pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko ya makhalidwe yomwe imapangidwa ndi katswiri wa khalidwe.
- Wothandizira angathandize mwana wanu kuti akambirane ndondomeko yake poyenda naye ku magulu osiyanasiyana komanso / kapena othandizira.
- Wothandizira angathandize mwana wanu kuphunzira molimbikitsana mwa kulimbikitsa masewera a gulu kapena kukambirana m'makonzedwe osakhazikika monga malo ochitira masewera kapena zipinda zamadzulo.
- Wothandizira angathandize othandizira a mwana wanu mwakusonkhanitsa deta zokhudza makhalidwe pa tsiku lonse lasukulu.
- Wothandizira akhoza kukuthandizani pomudziwitsa bwino za tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe mwana wanu akumana nazo pa sukulu.
Ngakhale kuti "sayenera" kukuuzani za aphunzitsi ovuta kapena anzanu akusukulu, nthawi zambiri othandizi amakhala kholo lothandiza kwambiri pa zomwe zikuchitika kusukulu.
Mwinanso angakhale njira yothandizira mwana wanu. Koma dziwani kuti 1: 1 zothandiza sizingalengedwe mofanana: munthu wodalirika wa chaka chino angasinthidwe ndi butterfly wa chaka chamawa amene amadziwona ngati chithandizo cha aphunzitsi ku kalasi lonse.