Sidestream Utsi - Definiton, Zotsatira ndi Zoopsa

Kodi ndi zotani, Kodi Ngozi ndi Ziti, Nanga Zimasiyana Bwanji ndi Utsi Wambiri?

Timamva zambiri za utsi wochuluka-womwe umatchulidwanso kuti utsi wa fodya (ETS) - koma mawu atsopano monga utsi wambiri komanso utsi wambiri ukhoza kusokoneza mutuwu. Kodi mawuwa amatanthauzanji, ndipo ndi zoopsa ziti zomwe amanyamula?

Mwachidule

Utsi wa Sidestream (SSM) umatanthauzanso utsi umene umamasulidwa kumapeto kwa ndudu, cigar, kapena chitoliro choyaka moto.

Utsi wa Sidestream ndi wosiyana ndi dzina lina lomwe limatchedwa utsi wambiri (MSM). Zomwe zimakhala utsi zimatanthauzanso utsi umene umatulutsa wosuta ndiyeno umatulutsira ku chilengedwe. Pamene utsi wa fodya kapena chiwopsezo cha fodya chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zimaphatikizapo utsi wambiri komanso wambiri.

Zizindikiro za utsi wa Sidestream

Popeza kuti pafupifupi 85 peresenti ya utsi wothandizira fodya ndi fodya wambiri, onse osuta ndi osuta fodya omwe ali pafupi amakhala ndi zofanana ndi fodya wa chilengedwe.

Utsi wa Sidestream umakhalanso ngozi kwa nthawi yaitali. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utsi umasokonezeka pamene wina atulutsa ndudu yake, koma utsi wochepa kwambiri ukhoza kupitirira-kumakhudza onse osuta ndi osasuta kwa nthawi yotsala yomwe amakhala mu chipinda.

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa utsi wamkati womwe munthu amawonekera. Ena mwa awa ndi awa:

• Kutentha kwa mpweya
• Chinyezi
• Kupuma mpweya, chipinda, kapena malo ena kumene kusuta kumachitika

• Chiwerengero cha osuta amapezeka

Kupanga

Pakhala fodya zikwi zingapo zomwe zimatulutsa utsi wa fodya, omwe pafupifupi 60 akudandaula kuti amachititsa khansa. Zina mwa mankhwala omwe timadziwa kuti alipo mu utsi wambiri ndi awa:

• Phenol
• Styrene
• Benzene - Benzene ndi kagajeni (wothandizira khansa) omwe amaganiza kuti amayambitsa maukate ndi malimymim. Zingathenso kuwononga chitetezo cha mthupi, kukulitsa chiopsezo cha matenda.

• Hydrogen cyanide
• Mankhwala a mtundu wa formaldehyde amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nasopharyngeal carcinoma ndi myeloid leukemias.Formaldehyde imathetsanso cilia, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi liziyenda poizoni ndi kuwalowetsanso pakamwa kuti limezedwe. Izi zingachititse kuti zinthu zina zisuta fodya kuti zifike kumadera akuya a mapapo pomwe zingasokoneze.
• Chikopa - Nthenda yokha payokha siyimayambitsa khansara koma ingagwire ntchito limodzi ndi poizoni wina kuti izikhala ndi kusintha kumene kumayambitsa khansa. Nicotine ingathandizenso pakukula ndi kufala kwa khansa .
• Mpweya wa monixide

Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa mumlengalenga kungakhale kosiyana pakati pa utsi wa sidestream ndi utsi wambiri. Kusiyanitsa kumodzi kumayambitsidwa ndi kuyatsa kosakwanira kwa fodya komwe kumabweretsa chiwerengero chapamwamba cha mankhwalawa carbon monoxide, 2-naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl, ndi N-nitrosodimethylamine kusiyana ndi utsi wambiri umene wosuta amawotha.

• Kodi Zakudya Zamakono ndi Zotani Zotchedwa cigarette?

Zotsatira za Thupi

Kafukufuku wochuluka m'derali wapangidwa pa mbewa, koma zomwe zimakhudza anthu ndizoopsa kwambiri. Utsi wa Sidestream umakhudza dongosolo lokhazikika la mantha - gawo la mitsempha yomwe imayang'anira mtima ndipo imakhudza kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuthamanga kwa mtima.

Zimapangitsanso madera akuluakulu ( bronchi ) ndi ang'onoang'ono ( alveoli ) m'mapapo.

Utsi wa Sidestream umapanganso ma leukocyte ambiri, omwe ndi maselo oyera m'magazi athu omenyera chitetezo cha mthupi omwe amayankha zinthu zosayenera m'thupi ndikumenyana ndi matenda. Kusuta fodya (kuphatikiza SSM ndi MSS) kumabweretsa 150,000 mpaka 300,000 kupuma kwapakati kwa ana ndi ana osapitirira miyezi 18, ndi chaka 7,500 mpaka 15,000 hospital hospitals.

Utsi wa Sidestream umapezeka kuti umachepetsa kutsika kwa (mapulumuke) a mapapo. zimachepetsa kulemera kwa zinyama, komanso kuonjezera chiwopsezo cha (komanso kuopsa) matenda opuma opuma monga chimfine ndi chimfine.

Kutalika kwa nthawi yaitali kuchokera ku utsi wa sidestream kumaphatikizapo kukwezedwa kwa atherogenesis - kumangirira kwa mitsempha mu mitsempha yomwe ingabweretse mavuto monga mtima ndi zilonda. Zikuoneka kuti utsi wothandizira (womwe ukuphatikizapo SSM ndi MSM) umafa pa 46,000 imfa yokhudzana ndi mtima mwa osuta fodya ku US chaka chilichonse. Zingatheke ngakhale kutulutsa ana omwe amawonekera mu utero (ali m'mimba) ku matenda oyambirira a mtima.

Utsi wa Sidestream umayambitsa kusinthasintha kwa umuna pakati pa mbewa zamphongo.

Zoopsa ndi Ngozi

Palibe malo abwino otsekemera utsi wamoto. Ndipotu, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yasankha fodya sidestream monga kagawo kagawo A, kutanthauza kuti pali deta yokwanira yomwe imasonyeza kuti imayambitsa khansara mwa anthu.

Utsi wa Sidestream umaganizira aliyense, koma anthu ena ali pangozi yaikulu. Azimayi ndi ana ang'onoang'ono ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka, chifukwa cha kugawidwa kwa maselo mofulumira, komanso chifukwa chakuti ana osakhalitsa ndi ana amakhala ndi nthawi yaitali kuti azikhala ndi vuto lililonse.

Kwa ambiri omwe amachititsa khansa, zimakhala ndi nthawi ya latency -nthawi yomwe amayamba kudwala khansa komanso nthawi ya khansa imayamba. Ngati nthawi yayitali ya mankhwala ndi mankhwala a zaka 30, izi ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa mwana wazaka ziwiri kuposa mwana wazaka 80.

Gulu lina la anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu ndi omwe ali ndi matenda, makamaka matenda a mtima ndi mapapo monga mphumu, COPD, khansara ya m'mapapo, ndi matenda a mitsempha.

Ngozi za khansa zokhudzana ndi utsi wautali kuphatikizapo SSM zangophunzira kumene mwamphamvu, koma tikudziwa zinthu zingapo. Kuwonetsa utsi wothandizira anthu kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo, ndipo pafupifupi 3,000 milandu ya kansa ya m'mapapo ku United States chaka chilichonse imakhudzana ndi izi.

Utsi wa Sidestream ukhozanso kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere. Mu kafukufuku wina, anapeza kuti kutsekemera kwa utsi wochuluka kwambiri kunali kofunika kwambiri monga kusuta fodya (kukhala wosuta) pamene zinkakhala zoopsa za khansa ya m'mawere. Poyang'ana akazi omwe adasuta utsi wautali kwa moyo wawo wonse, chiopsezo chawo chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere yoyamwitsa kawiri kawiri kankapezeka ngati anthu omwe sankasuta fodya.

Sidestream Smoke vs Zovuta Kwambiri Utsi - Ndi Choipa Chiti?

Pakhala pali mkangano wosonyeza ngati utsi wa sidestream ungakhale woopsa kwambiri kuposa utsi wambiri. Chidule (kufufuza kafukufuku osasindikizidwa ndi Company Philip Morris,) anapeza kuti:

• Utsi wa Sidestream unali 4 poizoni kwambiri mu chiwerengero cha zinthu zonse
• Utsi wa Sidestream unali katatu wambiri poizoni pa gramu (polemera)
• Utsi wa Sidestream unali wamtundu wambiri (kansa)

Malingana ndi American Lung Association, utsi wochuluka kwambiri umakhala woopsa pa zifukwa ziwiri: Mankhwala ambiri ndi apamwamba (popeza akutenthedwa ndi kutentha pang'ono,) ndipo amapanga tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tomwe tingalowe mosavuta ndikulowa mkati matupi.

Sitike ya Sidestream

Ngakhale kuti anthu ena angaganize za kusuta fodya ngati kosavuta kungakhale koopsa kwambiri kwa wosasuta yemwe akuyandikira pafupi. Popeza kuti ndudu zimakhala zotentha kwambiri, zimatulutsa utsi wambiri kuposa ndudu.

• Kusuta Fodya ndi Khansa Yam'mimba

Pamene Utsi Umatuluka

Pambuyo pa utsi wochuluka kwambiri, utsi wochuluka umaonekera ndipo umatha kulowa m'deralo, kodi pangakhale ngozi? Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutalowa m'chipinda chimene wina adasuta masiku kapena masabata kale, kodi pali ngozi iliyonse? Palibe amene amatsimikiza kuti pali vuto lalikulu bwanji, koma zomwe tsopano zakhala zikukonzekera kuti "osuta fodya" ali ndi akatswiri ambiri ofufuza.

Mitundu yambiri ya poizoni yomwe imapezeka mu utsi wambiri (monga arsenic ndi cyanide) imakhala ngati particles kumalo komwe munthu akusuta ndikukhala pa malo kwa nthawi yaitali. Izi zingawononge vuto m'njira zingapo. Mankhwalawa amatha kupyolera mu khungu (monga ngati mwana wamng'ono akuyendayenda) kapena particles akhoza kutulutsidwa mmwamba monga mpweya (mu njira yotchedwa off-gassing.)

Zikuoneka kuti utsi wautatu sungakhale woopsa kwambiri kuposa utsi wambiri, koma mpaka tidziwa zambiri, kupeŵa utsi wachitsulo komanso utsi wodetsedwa sizingakhale zoipa.

Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa mumasuta, phunzirani zambiri za kusuta ndi khansa , ndipo pangani ndondomeko yosiya lero.

_Zotsatira:

_{Chigawo cha Canada cha Occupational Health and Safety. Utsi wa Fodya wa Edzi (ETS): Zowona Zonse ndi Zotsatira za Zaumoyo. Kusinthidwa kwa March 2011. http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/psychosocial/ets_health.html}

_{Hartney, J., Chu, H., Pelanda, R., ndi R. Torres. Kusuta kwapadera kwa utsi wachiwiri kumatulutsa mpweya wa leukocyte kutuluka ndi kuchepa kwa chifuwa cha mapapu. Malire mu Physiology . 2012. 3: 300.}

_{Johnson, K. et al. Kusuta fodya komanso kusuta fodya kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere: Report of the Canadian Expert Panel pa Kusuta Fodya ndi Ngozi ya Khansa ya M'bwere (2009). Kusuta Fodya . 20 (1): e2.}

_{Kwon, K., Jung, H., Hwang, I., ndi W. Choi. Kuwonetseka kwa Mipira ya Bronchiolar ndi Alveolar Cell Yopangika ndi Zakafupi ndi Zakale Kwambiri kwa Sidestream Utsi. Korean Journal of Pathology . 2012. 46 (2): 151-61.}

_{Marchetti, F. et al. Sidestream Smoke ndi Germ Germ Mutagen. Proceedings ya National Academy of Sciences ya ku United States . 2011. 108 (31): 12811-4.}

_{Olivo-Marston, S. ndi al. Kusuta kwa ana ndi utsi wong'onong'ono komanso mankhwala opangidwa ndi mannose omwe amamanga tizilombo toyambitsa khansa amathandizidwa ndi khansa yambiri yamapapu. Khansa Epidemiology Zida ndi Kupewa . 2009. 18 (12): 3375-83.}

_{Reynolds, P. et al. Kusasuta fodya ndi chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere ku California aphunzitsi kuphunzira. Khansa Epidemiology Zida ndi Kupewa . 2009. 18 (12): 3389-98.}

_{Sadri, G., ndi H. Mahjub. Kusuta kapena kusuta fodya, komwe kumakhudza kwambiri khansa ya m'mawere. Saudi Medical Journal . 2007. 28 (2): 254-9.}

_{Sharma, P., Koawole, A., Core, S., Kajon, A., ndi K. Excoffen. Kutentha kwa fodya kwa Sidestam kumapangitsa kuti chiopsezo cha epithelia chifike ku adenoviral matenda. PLoS One . Epub 2012 Nov. 15.}

_{Valenti, V. et al. Kusuta fodya utasuta komanso malamulo oyendetsa mtima. Magazini Yambiri ya Mankhwala . 2013. 6 (1): 11.}

_{Villablanca A., Pinkerton, K., ndi J. Rutledge. Kusamalidwa kwa amayi ndi amayi omwe amatha kusuta fodya kumayambitsa matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mitsempha yowonongeka. Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research . 2010. 3 (6): 696-703.}