Kugwirizana Pakati pa Nicotine ndi Khansa

Kodi chikonga chimayambitsa khansara kapena chimayambitsa khansara? Kodi chikonga chimakhudza bwanji chithandizo cha khansa? Pamene ambiri akusuta zothandizira kusuta zomwe zili ndi chikonga, izi ndi mafunso ofunika kwambiri. Kuwonjezera apo, mabodza amathandiza kuti anthu adye chizoloŵezi chodziwika kuti chimayambitsa khansa (ndi matenda ena ambiri.) Kuwonjezera apo, anthu amasonyeza kuti chikonga chikhoza kupha ndipo choyamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga tizilombo.

Zotsatira za Nicotine pa Khansa

Poyankha funsoli-udindo wa chikonga ponena za khansa-funsoli liyenera kuthyoledwa mitu yambiri. Potero, tiyenera kufufuza udindo wa chikonga mwa zotsatirazi:

• Kutupa Kumayambitsa kapena Mutagenicity - Izi zikutanthauza mphamvu ya chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa kuwonongeka (kusintha kwa DNA) koyenera kutembenuzira selo yeniyeni kukhala maselo a khansa .
• Kukula kwa chilakolako / Kupweteka kwa chilakolako - Izi zimatanthawuza kukhoza kwa chinthu kumayambitsa chotupa kale kukula ndi / kapena kufalitsa (metastasize) ku madera ena a thupi mofulumira.
• Zotsatira za Chithandizo cha Khansa - Izi zikutanthauza zotsatira zomwe mankhwala angakhale nazo pa chithandizo cha khansa, mwachitsanzo, ngati mankhwala amaletsa kapena amaletsa mankhwala a chemotherapy.

Udindo Wapadera Amasewera Khansa

Ngakhale kuti maphunziro sanagwiritsidwepo pa zotsatira zonse zotheka za chikonga pa khansa yonse. Ndipo, maphunziro ambiri mpaka lero athandizidwa pa mbewa, makoswe, kapena pa maselo a kansa opangidwa mu labu, tikudziwa izi:

• Zotsatira za Nicotine pa Tumor Initiation kapena Mutagenicity - Kafukufuku wam'mbuyo awonetsa kuti chikonga chimakhala ndi zochitika zamagulu ndi zamatenda. Palinso umboni wakuti chikonga chingayambitse DNA-mtundu wa kuwonongeka kumene kungayambitse khansa. Palinso umboni wakuti chikonga chimayambitsa njira ya carcinogenesis-kutanthauza kuti njira ya selo kukhala khansara potengera chinthu china imakula. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti sizowopsa kwa omwe alibe khansa. Zotsatira zotsatirazi zikhoza kuchitika pamene khansara ilipo koma sichinafikepo.

• Zotsatira za Kupititsa Patsogolo ndi Kupita Patsogolo - Ngakhale kuti nicotine sichikhoza kuyambitsa maselo oyambirira mu chifuwa kukhala khansa, kafukufuku wina wochulukirapo wasonyeza kuti kamodzi kokha khansara ikakula, chikonga chimatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa chotupacho. Mwachitsanzo, nicotine yapezeka kuti ikulimbikitsani kugwidwa ndi khansa ya pancreatic mu mbewa. Zapezeka kuti kulimbikitsa kuchulukitsa, kuthamangitsidwa, ndi kusuntha kwa maselo otupa m'matenda omwe sali ang'onoang'ono a khansa ya m'mapapo.
• Zotsatira za Mayankho a Chithandizo cha Khansa - Kutchuka kwapezeka kuti kusokoneza zina za mankhwala a khansa, zomwe zingatanthauzenso kuti chikonga chikhoza kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha moyo ku khansa. Mwachitsanzo, nicotine ingalimbikitse kukana mankhwala a chemotherapy Platinol (cisplatin) m'maselo a khansa yamapapu.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti, mwa zochuluka za maphunzirowa, chikonga chimayesedwa mosiyana ndi kusuta fodya kuti zitsimikizire kuti zotsatira zake zimakhala chifukwa cha chikonga chokha kusiyana ndi zina zomwe zikupezeka mu fodya.

Mmene Nicotine Imagwirira Ntchito Kulimbikitsa Khansa Kukula ndi Kufalikira ndikuchepetsa Mphamvu ya Chithandizo

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe nicotine yapezeka kuti imakhudza kukula ndi kufalikira kwa khansa.

Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kupititsa patsogolo kuyambitsa khansa (monga tawonera pamwambapa).
• Kulimbikitsa kupweteka kwa chilakolako (mwa mapuloteni oyambitsa magawano ndi kukula).
• Kuwongolera khansara kufalikira (mwachitsanzo, pokonzetsa motility wa maselo a khansa (monga tafotokozera m'munsimu).
• Kupititsa patsogolo angiogenesis - Nicotine ikhoza kuwonjezera mphamvu za khansa kupanga mitsuko yatsopano ya magazi yofunika kuti ikule ndi kuteteza kufa kwachibadwa kwa maselo omwe ndi achikulire kapena achilendo (apoptosis).
• Zimayambitsa kusokoneza mtima - Kupyolera m'mayendedwe osiyanasiyana, chikonga chingayambitse chotupa kuti asamvetsetse mankhwala a chemotherapy.

Ngakhale kufotokozera njira zeniyenizi ndizofunikira kwambiri komanso zopitirira malire a nkhaniyi, zitsanzo zingapo zomwe nicotine yapezeka kuti ikulimbikitse kukula ndi kufalikira kwa khansa ndizo:

• Nicotine ikhoza kugwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni otchedwa nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs.) Ndipotu, njira imeneyi ndi yomwe nicotine imamwa mankhwala. Pogwiritsa ntchito mapuloteniwa, nicotine ikhoza kuchititsa kukula kwa zotupa, kulimbikitsa kupanga mitsempha yatsopano yowonjezera kuti khansa ikule ( angiogenesis ) ndikuletsa imfa (apoptosis) ya maselo a kansa. Popeza pali kusiyana kwa zizindikiro za nicotinic acetylcholine pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana, zotsatirazi zingakhalenso zosiyana pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana. (Chochititsa chidwi, kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo a nicotine akugwirizana kwambiri ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mapapo.)
• Nicotine imayambitsa mapuloteni otchedwa beta-arrestin-1. Puloteniyi imathandizanso kuti maselo ena a khansa yamapapu aziyenda bwino.

Khansa Yogwirizanitsidwa ndi Nicotine M'njira Yina

Zotsatira za chikonga pa kuyambitsa, kupititsa patsogolo, ndi kuyankhidwa kwa mankhwala sizinaphunzirepo khansa zonse, koma pali umboni wakuti chikonga chingawononge njira imodzi mwa khansa zotsatirazi:

• Khansara ya m'mapapo ya maselo
• Kansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo
• Mutu ndi khansa ya khansa
• Khansara ya m'mimba (kansa ya m'mimba)
• Khansara yapancreatic
• Khansara ya Gallbladder
• Kansa ya chiwindi
• Kansa ya Colon
• Khansara ya m'mimba
• Khansara ya chiberekero
• Khansara ya chikhodzodzo
• Khansa ya impso (khansara yam'nofu yambiri)

_Zotsatira:

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_{Dasqupta, P. et al. Malamulo a ARRB1 ofanana nawo a E2F omwe amawunikira majeremusi mu kukula kwa ziwalo za m'mapapo. Journal of National Cancer Institute . 2011. 103 (4): 317-33.}

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_{Gemenetzidis, E. et al. Kupititsa patsogolo kwa FOXM1 Kumayambiriro kwa Cell Cell Squamous Carcinoma ndipo YAKHALITSIDWA NDI Nicotine pa Malignant Transformation. Mapulo One . Lofalitsidwa pa March 16, 2009.}

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_{Grozio, A. et al. Chikopa, mapapo ndi khansa. Anticancer Agents mu Medicinal Chemistry . 2007. 7 (4): 461-6.}

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_{Hermann, P., et al. Nicotine Imalimbikitsa Kuyamba ndi Kupitiriza KRAS-Induced Pancreatic Cancer kudzera pa Gata6-Dedifferentiation ya Acinar Maselo mu Mice. Gastroenterology . 2014. 147 (5): 1119-1133.}

_{Medjber, K. et al. Udindo wa nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mu selo ikufalikira ndi kutuluka kwa chotupa mu bronch0-pulmonary carcinomas. Khansa Yam'mimba . 2015 Jan 15. (Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza).}

_{Nair, S., Bora-Singhal, N., Perumal, D., ndi S. Chellappan. Kugonjetsedwa kwa a Nicotine ndi kusamuka kwa maselo osakhala aang'ono pamapapo a carcinoma poyendetsa maselo a STMN3 ndi GSPT1 mwadongosolo la ID1. Khansa ya m'magazi . 2014. 13: 173.}

_{Nishioka, T., et al. Kuonetsetsa kuti matendawa amatha kupititsa patsogolo kukula kwa khansa ya m'mawere. Kafukufuku wa khansa ya m'mawere > 2011. 13 (6): R113.}

_{Petros, W., Younis, I., Ford, J., ndi S. Weed. Zotsatira za kusuta fodya ndi chikonga pa matenda a khansa. Pharmacotherapy . 2012. 32 (10): 920-31.}

_{Pillall, S. et al. B-arrestin-1 amagwirizanitsa nthenda yotchedwa nicotine-stimulated metastasis kupyolera mu majekesero a E2F1 omwe amachititsa kusintha kwa mthendayi-mesenchymal. Kafukufuku wa Khansa . Lofalitsidwa pa Intaneti Woyamba January 19, 2015.}

_{Printz, C. Strong yoopsa ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amawopsa kwambiri ndi khansa ya m'mapapo. Khansa . 2014. 120 (23): 391.}

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