Kagulu kakang'ono ka odwala sadziwa konse kumene khansa yake inayamba poyamba
Khansara ya m'mimba. Khansa ya prostate. Kansa ya Colon. Odwala omwe ali ndi khansa amalembedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chiyambi cha malungo awo. Gawoli limakhala ndi cholinga chenicheni: chimodzi mwa zifukwa zofunika kwambiri pakukhazikitsa njira zothandizira chithandizo ndi kusamalidwa ndi chiyambi cha khansara, tsamba la "chotupa chachikulu".
Koma kwa odwala atatu pa 100 aliwonse a kansa, malo oyambirira a khansa sapezeka.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti wodwala amapereka zizindikiro zatsopano (monga kupweteka kapena kutaya mwazi kapena mtanda) kapena kutaya thupi (palibe zizindikilo) koma amapezeka pamtundu wa thupi, X-ray, kapena phunziro linalake kuti ali ndi khansa. Chomwe chimapezeka ndi matenda a kansa - chifuwa (kapena zotupa) zomwe zakula kuchokera ku maselo omwe anayenda kuchokera ku khansa yapachiyambi yomwe sichidziwikiratu ndipo anaukira malo ena (kapena malo) mkati mwa thupi. Matenda a metastasis amawopsa, khansara imapezeka, ndipo kufufuza kumayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu, kafukufuku wambiri akudalira kwambiri maphunziro opanga mafilimu monga CT. Koma chotupa choyambirira choyambirira sichipezeka. Ndipo tapatsidwa kuti timayika odwala onse a khansa, gulu lapaderali likunenedwa ndi "khansara yosadziwika kwenikweni (CUP)."
Kotero, zingatheke bwanji kuti musapeze chotupa cha khansa choyambirira? Ndipotu, ngakhale odwala omwe kansa yawo yayamba kale ku malo ena (monga chiwindi, mapapo, fupa, ndi / kapena ubongo), chiyambi cha metastases, chotupa chachikulu, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chachikulu ndipo nthawizonse chimadziwika ngati misa pa mammografia, nthendayi pa kafukufuku wa prostate, kukula komwe kunapezeka pa colonoscopy.
Ndiye chotupa chachikulu chingatheke bwanji? Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zingatheke. Ziphuphu zina zapakati zingapereke magazi awo ndipo zimafa kapena zimasokonekera kukula kosaoneka, zikutheka pamene maselo a khansa yayitali ikukulirakulira. Kwa odwala ena, chotupa chachikulu chosayembekezereka chikhoza kuchitidwa opaleshoni panthawi yothandizira kuti mukhale ndi vuto labwino.
Mwachitsanzo, Food & Drug Administration posachedwapa yatsutsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapadera ("laparoscopic") chida chogwiritsira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito hysterectomy (kuchotsa chiberekero) kwa matenda owopsa otchedwa fibroids. Ndipotu, osadziŵa aliyense panthawiyo, amayi okwana 350 omwe amachititsa hysterectomy chifukwa cha matenda omwe sakhala ndi khansa amakhala ndi khansa ya uterine yomwe imatchedwa sarcoma, ndipo kugwiritsira ntchito chipangizo chogwiritsira ntchitochi (spreads) kungapangitse maselo osamalitsa omwe sali ndi mawonekedwe , kuvulaza wodwalayo.
Koma kodi ndizofunika ngati khansara yaikulu sichipezeka? Mwatsoka kwa odwala CUP, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Kachiwiri, chiyambi chenicheni cha khansa ya munthu chiri ndi phindu lalikulu mwa njira zothandizira mankhwala ndi kufotokoza (kuphatikizapo kupulumuka). Choncho, ngakhale khansa zambiri zimachokera kumatenda amodzimodzi (mwachitsanzo, m'mawere, chithokomiro, prostate, ndi khansa zina zonse zimachokera kumatenda amtundu wambiri), pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwa maselo pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawere (bere ndi chithokomiro, chitsanzo).
Mu odwala a CUP, timayamba kugawa maselo a khansa kukhala imodzi mwa magulu anayi malinga ndi maonekedwe awo ndi ma chipangizo ena: Adenocarcinoma (matenda amtundu wambiri, pafupifupi 60% za CUP); Kusiyana Kwambiri kwa Carcinoma (maselo a khansa amphamvu omwe sali ofanana ndi mtundu uliwonse wa minofu, pafupifupi 20% mpaka 30% ya milandu ya CUP); Squamous Carcinoma (omwe amawerengera odwala CUP osachepera 10%; ofanana ndi khungu ndi maselo okwanira ziwalo zina); ndi Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (zosawerengeka; maselo ofanana ndi omwe amabalalika mu thupi lonse lomwe limapanga mahomoni).
Ndipo lero, ifenso tikhoza kuyika maselo a khansa kudzera muyeso yambiri ya maselo, kufufuza mu DNA yawo kuti zizindikiro zapachibadwa zimatanthauzira momveka bwino zomwe zimachokera mthupi.
Ndili ndi zambiri zokhudzana ndi selo momwe zingathere, madokotala a khansa amapanga chidziwitso chophunzitsidwa ndi mankhwala omwe angapangitse khansa ndikupindula ndi wodwala CUP. Mwamwayi, monga CUP ndi tanthawuzo limakhala ndi matenda opatsirana, ndipo chifukwa chakuti sitikudziwa motsimikizirika kuti chiyambi cha matenda a CUP ndi chiani kwenikweni, kufotokozera kwathunthu ndi kosauka kwambiri. Kupulumuka kwapakatikati (hafu ya moyo wautali ndi theka lafupi) kwa odwala CUP ndi osachepera miyezi inayi; patatha chaka chimodzi mutatha kuchipatala, osachepera 25 peresenti ya odwala a CUP ali amoyo, ndipo pa zaka zisanu, osachepera 10%.
Ndiye kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu muli ndi khansa, koma vuto lalikulu lachilombo silimadziwika? Posakhalitsa musamalire chisamaliro chanu ku malo akuluakulu a khansa (malo odziwika ndi khansa kapena malo akuluakulu a maphunziro) .CUP ndi chikhalidwe choipa chosowa chodziŵa, luso, ndi luso lamakono kuti lifufuze ndi kuchiza, ndipo mabungwe a khansa ali ndi chidziwitso, luso, ndi teknoloji. Mapulogalamu oterewa adzachita masewero olimbitsa thupi opanga mafilimu ndi kuyesa maselo pofuna kuyesa chotupa chachikulu ndikupereka chithandizo choyenera. Ndipo ngati chithandizo cha CUP sichinasinthe, mabungwe a khansa amapereka chithandizo chachikulu cha mankhwala okhwima ndi apadera, kusamalira mwachikondi odwala CUP ndi okondedwa awo.