Miliri yowonongeka ingapangitse ngozi yowopsa
Matenda a Herpes simplex (HSV) ndi omwe amachititsa kuti matenda a zilonda zam'mimba azigwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta. Matenda angayambitse mtundu wa HSV 1 (HSV-1) kapena HSV mtundu 2 (HSV-2), ndipo akuwonekera ngati oral herpes ( zilonda zozizira kapena malungo a malungo ) kapena herpes (omwe amatchedwa herpes ).
HSV imafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi zilonda zapadera kapena thupi la munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo, ngakhale matenda angathe kuchitika ngakhale palibe zizindikiro.
Zopinga zotetezera mwa makondomu kapena maboma a mano zingachepetse chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV; Komabe, matendawa akhoza kuchitika pa ziwalo za thupi osati mosavuta kuphimbidwa ndi kondomu.
Masiku ano, zipsera za m'mimba ndi chimodzi mwa matenda opatsirana pogonana, ndipo pafupifupi 775,000 matenda atsopano ku US chaka chilichonse. Mwa awa, 80% sadziwa kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Matenda ndi zizindikiro za HSV
HSV-1 kawirikawiri imapezedwa nthawi ya ubwana ndipo nthawi zambiri imayanjanitsidwa ndi oral herpes, pamene HSV-2 imayambanso kugonana ndipo imakhudza makamaka chigawo cha anogenital pakati pa anus ndi ziwalo. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwapa, matenda onse opatsirana ndi HSV-2 ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi HSV-1 akhala ofala, mwina chifukwa chogonana. Ndipotu, kafukufuku tsopano akusonyeza kuti paliponse kuyambira 32% mpaka 47% ya zitsamba zamtunduwu zimayambitsidwa ndi HSV-1 .
Anthu ambiri odwala HSV alibe zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zosazindikirika.
Zizindikiro zikawonekera, poyamba zimakhala ndi zovuta ndi / kapena zofiira, zotsatiridwa ndi zilonda zam'mimba zomwe zimawoneka mofulumira. Zilondazi zimakhala zopweteka ndipo zimatha kuyenda ndi malungo ndi kutupa kwa mitsempha yotupa.
Mankhwalawa amapezeka pamlomo ndipo nthawi zina amapezeka m'mimba.
Matenda a chiberekero amadziwika kwambiri pa mbolo, mkati, ntchafu, matanthwe, ndi anus a amuna, pamene zilonda zimapezeka makamaka ku clitoris, pubis, vulva, matako, ndi anus ya akazi.
Zonse zomveka komanso zokhudzana ndi chiberekero pakati pa nthawi ya matenda opatsirana, omwe angakhalepo masiku awiri mpaka masabata atatu, kenako ndi nthawi ya kukhululukidwa. Pambuyo pa kachilombo koyambirira, mavairasi amadzigwirizanitsa ndi maselo a mitsempha, kumene amakhala kwa moyo wawo wonse. HSV ikhoza kubwezeretsanso nthawi iliyonse (komanso chifukwa cha nambala iliyonse yomwe ingayambitse ), ngakhale kuti kuphulika kwafupipafupi ndi kuphulika kwazomweku kumaphatikizapo kuchepetsa nthawi.
Kafukufuku amachitidwa kafukufuku wamakono a wodwalayo, ngakhale kuti ziwalo za m'mimba zimakhala zovuta kuti azindikire ngati zizindikiro zikhoza kukhala zosavuta komanso zosokonezeka mosavuta (monga urethritis kapena matenda a fungal). Kafukufuku wamapulogalamu nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndondomeko yowunika, kuphatikizapo mayesero atsopano a HSV antibody omwe angathe kudziwa HSV-1 kapena HSV-2 ndi zoposa 98%.
Kugwirizana pakati pa HSV ndi HIV
Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa chitetezo, monga momwe aliri ndi kachilombo ka HIV, mafupipafupi ndi zizindikiro za kuphulika kwa HSV nthawi zina zimakhala zoopsa, kufalikira pakamwa kapena m'mimba kumatenda ozama m'mapapo kapena ubongo.
Momwemo, HSV yapangidwa kukhala "chikhalidwe cha Edzi" mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ngati akhala nthawi yayitali kuposa mwezi kapena kupereka mapapo, bronchi kapena epopus.
Palinso umboni wochuluka wakuti kutenga kachilombo ka HIV kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi HSV-2. Kafukufuku wamakono akusonyeza kuti matenda a HSV-2, omwe ali ndi chizindikiro kapena osadziwika, angathe kuonjezera kutulutsa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV mu ma tishu a mucosal mu njira yotchedwa "kukhetsa mavairasi." Chifukwa cha kukhetsa koteroko, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kosaoneka, angakhale ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito antiretroviral (MAP) kumachepetsa chiŵerengero cha matenda a HSV, sikuti kuchepetsa kachilombo ka HIV kumayambitsa.
Chotsatira chake, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HSV-2 amakhala oposa atatu kapena anayi kuti athe kupatsirana kachilombo ka HIV.
Mofananamo, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HSV-2 ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka chotenga HIV. Izi siziri chifukwa chakuti zilonda zotseguka zimapereka mwayi wovuta wa HIV, koma chifukwa chakuti kachilombo ka HIV kamagwira ntchito ku macrophages omwe amapezeka pa malo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Pochita zimenezi, kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kugwira bwino njira ya mucosal ya vagina kapena anus mwachindunji m'magazi.
Kuchiza ndi Kuteteza
Panopa palibe mankhwala a HSV-1 kapena HSV-2.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza HSV, kawirikawiri amafunika madigiri apamwamba kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV. Mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa moyenera (pa matenda oyamba kapena pakamwa) kapena pakapita, mankhwala opondereza kwa omwe ali ndi ziphuphu zambiri.
Mankhwala atatu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti athetse HSV ndi Zovirax (acyclovir) , Valtrex (valacyclovir), ndi Famvir (famciclovir). Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapiritsi a m'kamwa, ngakhale kuti matenda akuluakulu angapangidwe ndi intravenous acyclovir. Zotsatira zambiri za mankhwalawa zimakhala zosavuta, ndi kupweteka mutu, kutsekula m'mimba, kunyowa, ndi maonekedwe a thupi kukhala pakati pa omwe amadziwika kwambiri.
Kuchulukitsa mankhwala a HSV angachepetse chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HSV ndi 50%, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito kondomu. Ngakhale kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo sanawonetseke kuti amachepetsa chiopsezo cha kachirombo ka HIV, kafukufuku wina anasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku pakamwa acyclovir kumakhala ndi kachilombo kochepa kwa kachilombo ka HIV ndi maonekedwe ochepa a zilonda za m'mimba.
Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo chopeza kapena kutumiza HIV ngati muli ndi HSV:
- Gwiritsani ntchito makondomu pa nthawi yogonana, abambo komanso kugonana
- Pezani anthu omwe mukugonana nawo
- Pewani kugonana pamene mukuyamba kubereka
- Yesani kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana
Zotsatira:
Zachigawo za US za Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC). "Zachiberekero Zogonana - CD Fact Factory." Atlanta, Georgia; inapezeka pa March 26, 2014.
Wald, A. "Zachilombo za HIV." Matenda opatsirana pogonana. June 2006; 82 (3): 189-190.
Peña, K.; Adelson, M ;; Mordechai, E ;; et al. "Genital Herpes Simplex Vuto la 1 mwa Akazi: Kudziwa mu Cervicovaginal Specimens kuchokera ku Zachibadwa za Mkazi ku United States." Journal of Clinical Microbiology. January 2010; 48 (1): 150-153.
Corey, L .; Wald, A .; Celum, C ;; et al. "Zotsatira za kachilombo ka herpes simplex-2 pa kupeza kachilombo ka HIV-1: kubwereza matenda opatsirana awiri." Journal of Deficiency Immune Deficiency Syndromes. April 2004; 35 (5): 435-45.
Misozi, R .; Wawer, M .; Brookmeyer, R .; et al. "Mpata wa kachirombo ka HIV kotenga kachilombo ka HIV pazochitika zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa amuna okhaokha, ogonana amuna ndi akazi okhaokha, omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV-1 ku Rakai, Uganda." Lancet. April 2001; 357 (9263): 1149-1153.
Corey, L .; Wald, A .; Patel, R .; al. "Valacyclovir kamodzi-tsiku ndi tsiku kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV." New England Journal of Medicine. January 2004; 350 (1): 11-20.
Celum, C ;; Wald, A .; Lingappa, J .; et al. "Acyclovir ndi kachilombo ka HIV-1 kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV-1 ndi HSV-2." New England Journal of Medicine. February 4, 2010; 362 (5): 427-39.