Mauthenga Achiwalo
Ma Cytokines amatumikira monga nthumwi ya maselo pakati pa maselo. Ma cytokini ndi mapuloteni omwe amapangidwa ndi maselo. Pankhani ya nyamakazi, maginito amadzimadzi amayankha mayankho osiyanasiyana. Ma cytokines amagwirizana ndi maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi kuti athetsere momwe thupi limayankhira pa matenda ndi matenda, komanso kugwirizanitsa njira zamagetsi zomwe zimakhala m'thupi.
Mitundu ya Cytokines
Ma Cytokines amasiyana, kutanthauza kuti si onse ofanana. Ma Cytokines amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'thupi:
- zizindikiro zolimbikitsa (kupanga mphamvu ya maselo a magazi)
- kukula ndi zosiyanitsa (ntchito makamaka pa chitukuko, minofu yokonza, ndi kukonzanso)
- mavitamini ndi maginito amadzimadzimadzi (monga, interferons, interleukins, ndi TNF-alpha zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu chitetezo cha mthupi)
Ngakhale "ma cytokines" ndi ambulera yomwe imaphatikizapo mitundu yonse, pali mayina enieni omwe amaperekedwa kwa cytokines malinga ndi mtundu wa selo umene umapangitsa iwo kapena zochita zomwe ali nazo m'thupi:
- Lymphokines (yopangidwa ndi lymphocytes)
- monokines (zopangidwa ndi monocytes)
- chemokines (yogwirizana ndi mankhwala a mankhwala)
- interleukins (opangidwa ndi leukocyte imodzi koma amachita ma leukocyte ena)
Mmene Cytokines Zimagwirira Ntchito
Chitetezo cha mthupi ndi chovuta - maselo osiyanasiyana a chitetezo cha mthupi ndi mapuloteni amachita ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ma cytokini ali pakati pa mapuloteni amenewo.
Kufotokozera momwe magetsi a ntchito amagwirira ntchito. Ndi phunziro mu maselo am'thupi. Koma, kuti mumvetse kutupa, muyenera kumvetsa udindo umene maginito amachitirako.
Ma cytokini amamasulidwa ndi maselo m'magawidwe kapena mwachindunji minofu. Makina a cytokines amapezekanso maselo omenyera chitetezo cha m'thupi ndipo amagwirizanitsa ndi ovomerezeka pa maselo omwe amateteza mthupi mwawo.
Kuyanjana kumayambitsa kapena kumayambitsa mayankho enieni a maselo omwe akuwongolera.
Kuchulukitsidwa kwa ma Cytokines
Kuchulukitsa kapena kutulutsa zosayenera zina za cytokines ndi thupi kungayambitse matenda. Mwachitsanzo, zapezeka kuti interleukin-1 (IL-1) ndi tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) zimapangidwa mopitirira muyeso ya nyamakazi imene imakhudzidwa ndi kutupa ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu.
Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Amakhala Opatsirana a Cytokine
Mankhwala a zamoyo akhala akupangidwa kuti athetse IL-1 kapena TNF-alpha. Kineret (anakinra) inapangidwa ngati mankhwala a nyamakazi ya nyamakazi ndipo imagwira ntchito poletsa kulembetsa IL-1 kumalo ake. TNF-alpha inhibitors (omwe amatchedwanso TNF blockers ) amamanga TNF ndipo amalepheretsa TNF kusakanikirana ndi maselo. Enbrel (etanercept), Remicade (infliximab), Huma (adalimumab), Simponi (golimumab), ndi Cimzia (certolizumab pegol) ndi TNF blockers. Actemra (tocilizumab) imamanga IL-6.
Mankhwala ambiri a biologic ali pa chitukuko. Zotsatira zaphunziro kuchokera pa phunziro lachitatu la sarilumab (lotchedwa SARIL-RA-TARGET), munthu wotsutsa munthu motsutsana ndi receptor IL-6, adawulula kuti mankhwalawa akugwirizanitsa mapeto a zizindikiro za matenda a nyamakazi ndi kusintha kwa thupi ntchito.
Sarilumab imagwirizanitsa kwambiri ndi IL-6 receptor, imamangiriza IL-6 komanso imasokoneza chizindikiro cha kutupa kwa cytokine. Komabe, pa Oktoba 31, 2016, a FDA anakana sarilumab chifukwa cha zofooka zomwe anazipeza poyesa njira yogulitsa. Pomwe pakukonzekera, Regeneron ndi Sanofi akufuna kubwezeretsanso kuti avomereze mu 2017. Padakali pano, pa February 1, 2017, Health Canada inavomereza mankhwalawa pansi pa dzina, Kevzara (sarilumab).
Mawu Ochokera
Ngakhale ma cytokine amawoneka ngati nkhani yovuta, ndikofunikira kumvetsa njira yotupa yomwe ili pachimake cha mitundu yotupa ya nyamakazi.
Tikudziwa kuti pali ma protofines ndi anti-inflammatory cytokines. Mapuloteni otchedwa proinflammatory cytokines amathandizira kupititsa ululu ndi kutupa kwaukali. Cytokines anti-yotupa kwenikweni ndi yotupa yotsutsa antchito a cytokine. Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti makomokine amachititsa ululu, komanso kupitiriza kupweteka.
> Zotsatira:
> Zochitika Zakukula ndi Zamakina. > Primer > pa Rheumatic Diseases. Kopezera 12. Lofalitsidwa ndi Arthritis Foundation.
> Regeneron ndi Sanofi Panopa Zotsatira za Zopindulitsa Gawo 3 Phunziro la Sarilumab ku Msonkhano Wapachaka wa American College wa Rheumatology. Regeneron. November 8, 2015.
> McInnes I. ndi Schett G. Cytokines m'magulukiti a nyamakazi ya nyamakazi. Nature Immunology. June 2007
> Makina a Cytokines. BioBasics. 4/24/2006.
> Zhang, JM et al. Cytokines, Inflammation > ndi > Ululu. Mipatala ya Anesthesiology. Spring 2007.