Zosankha Zochiza Chithandizo cha Gawo la IV COPD

Mankhwala ndi machitidwe otsogolera

Matenda owopsa olepheretsa matendawa (COPD) ndi matenda opweteka m'mapapo omwe amaletsa mpweya kutuluka ndi kutuluka m'mapapo. COPD imaikidwa ndi magawo a matenda omwe amatithandiza kupeza njira yabwino yoperekera chithandizo ndikulongosola kuti zotsatira zake zingatheke.

Gawo la IV limaonedwa kuti ndilo vuto lalikulu la COPD ndipo limakhala ndi mpweya wochepa ( dyspnea ). Panthawiyi, mankhwala anu sangagwire ntchito monga momwe amachitira, ntchito zosavuta zidzakupatsani mpweya wabwino, ndipo mudzakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a mapapu, mavuto a kupuma, ndi kulephera kwa kupuma.

Chifukwa COPD sichitha, gawo ili la matendawa nthawi zambiri limatchedwa "COPD". Izi sizikutanthauza kuti palibe njira zothetsera vutoli. Dongosolo loyambitsa matenda opatsirana (GOLD) limalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira komanso njira zotsatila zowonongeka gawo la COPD.

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Kusiya Cigarettes

Ngakhale mutapezeka kuti muli ndi COPD yapitayi, sikuchedwa kwambiri kuti mupeze mphoto za kusuta fodya . Sikuti kungosiya chabe kuthandizira kuchepa kwa matendawa, thanzi limapitirizabe kuwonjezeka pamene nthawi ikupita.

Pambuyo pa milungu iwiri, zizindikiro zoyipa kwambiri zodzipatula zimayamba kuchepa. Kwa miyezi ingapo ikutsatira, ngozi ya mtima ikhoza kuchepa pamene kuyenda kwako kukukula.

Pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi isanu ndi iwiri, muyamba kumamva kupuma pang'ono ndikukhala ndi mavuto ochepa ndi kusokonezeka kwa sinus.

Zambiri

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Katemera wa chifuwa ndi chibayo

Katemera wa chimfine ndi chibayo ndi zina mwa malangizo a GOLD pa gawo lililonse la matendawa. Mafupa a pulogalamu yapachaka amathandiza anthu kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuchulukitsidwa kwa COPD pamene katemera wa chibayo amachepetsa kwambiri mwayi wanu wopeza chibayo cha bakiteriya.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti chiwopsezo chakale chowombera chokha chimachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ndi imfa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi COPD ndi pafupifupi 50 peresenti.

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Bronchodilators Yachidule

Kupulumutsira odwala , omwe ali ndi bronchodilators ochepa omwe amagwira ntchito monga Proventil (albuterol), athandize anthu omwe ali ndi COPD kusamalira zizindikiro zowonjezera kapena zovulaza za matendawa. Mankhwalawa ndi gawo la chisamaliro cha magawo onse a COPD.

Albuterol ndi mankhwala a beta-agonist omwe amathandiza minofu kuzungulira mpweya wanu kuyenda bwino. Proventil amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pochita zozizwitsa za mpweya wochepa wokhudzana ndi bronchospasm.

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Bronchodilators Zakalekale

Pamene COPD yanu ikupita, dokotala wanu akhoza kuwonjezera chimodzi kapena zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito bronchodilators kuti zithetse kapena kuchepetsa maonekedwe a zizindikiro. Pogwiritsira ntchito bronchodilator imodzi yokha nthawi yayitali ndi yotetezeka, mankhwala ophatikizana amakhala ogwira ntchito mofanana ndi zotsatira zochepa.

Agonists otenga nthawi yaitali ndi mtundu umodzi wa bronchodilator okhala ndi mankhwala monga salmeterol kapena formoterol. Kugwiritsa ntchito anticholinergics nthawi yayitali ndi mtundu wina wogwiritsa ntchito Atrovent, Spiriva , kapena Combivent.

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Kukonzekera Kwazitsulo

Kukonzekera kwa maulendo kaŵirikaŵiri kumawonjezeredwa panthawi ya COPD yachiwiri ndipo anapitirizabe pamene matendawa akupita. Zimaphatikizapo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, njira zopuma kupuma , uphungu wothandizira , komanso kuthandizira maganizo kuti athandize anthu kuthana ndi vuto lawo.

Kukonza zamaphunziro kungathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro za matenda , kuchepetsa umoyo wa moyo, kuchepetsa kusungulumwa, ndi kukulitsa nthawi yopulumuka. Pulogalamuyi ikugwiritsa ntchito gulu la aamwino, othandizira anthu ogwira ntchito, ogwira ntchito, akatswiri a zamaphunziro, ndi alangizi.

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Steroid Mankhwala

Chithandizo ndi glucocorticoids (omwe amadziwika kuti steroids) ndizovuta, koma GOLD amawakumbutsa mu mawonekedwe osakanikirana mukafika ku Gawo lachitatu ndipo akuvutika ndi kuchuluka kwafupipafupi.

Mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza COPD pamene zizindikiro zimakula mofulumira. Steroids yosakaniza , mosiyana, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zizindikiro zolimba kapena pamene zizindikiro zikukulirakulira.

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Thandizo la oxygen

Mankhwala a oxygen akulimbikitsidwa pa stade IV nthawi zonse, panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi / kapena kuthetsa zochitika zadzidzidzi za dyspnea.

Okosiyo imaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe PaO2 (omwe amayeretsedwa ndi mpweya wambiri wamagazi ) ndi 55 mm HG kapena osachepera kapena magulu a okosijeni okwanira amakhala osakwana kapena oposa 88 peresenti.

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Opaleshoni Yamakono

Pali mitundu itatu ya opaleshoni yamapapu yomwe imapezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ndondomeko yachindunji ndi gawo la COPD. Amaphatikizapo bullectomy yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo akulu a mpweya m'mapapo opaleshoni operekera kuchepetsa mphamvu (LVRS) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mapaipi odwala, ndi kukulitsa mapapo .

Matenda opatsirana amayamba, makamaka kwa iwo omwe ali ochepa kwambiri, odwala, okalamba, kapena osuta.

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Zakudya Zabwino Zakamwamba mu Zamakono

Chakudya chabwino ndi chofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi stage IV COPD chifukwa matendawa amachititsa kuti thupi likhale ndi nkhawa kwambiri ndipo imatentha mafuta onse omwe mumadya. Momwemo, anthu omwe ali ndi COPD adzafunika kuwonjezera zakudya zawo zamtundu wa caloric , motero ndi zakudya zabwino zokhudzana ndi antioxidants ndi phytochemicals.

Kudya moyenera kungathandizenso chitetezo cha mthupi lanu, komanso kuthandiza kuthana ndi matenda a chifuwa omwe amapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi COPD.

> Chitsime

• > Njira Yoyamba Yopewera Matenda a Mitsempha (GOLD). " Umboni Wothandizira Kupewa ndi Kukonza Thandizo ." Cholinga cha Pocket kwa COPD Kusanthula, Kusamalira, ndi Kuteteza: Buku lothandizira akatswiri a zaumoyo. 2017: 9-18.