Phunziro la CDC likutsindika zosiyana ndi zoopsa zenizeni komanso zenizeni
Kuvulala kosafunika-kuphatikizapo kuvulala kwina kulikonse komwe kungawonetse munthu ku magazi opunduka kapena madzi a thupi - kwakhala kwadali nkhaŵa kwa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo onse ndi anthu onse.
Zambiri za mantha zaperekedwa ndi mauthenga omwe amafalitsa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV kudzera kuvulala kwa odwala kapena kuunika komwe anthu omwe amazunzidwa amawawuza "akukhala mwamantha" atalandira chonchi (kuphatikizapo zomwe zinachitika mu 2013 Mayi wina waku Michigan anadzudzula Etihad Airways atadziponyera yekha kutaya singano ya hypodermic yomwe inatsala m'thumba.
Ngakhale kuti chiopsezo chotenga chiopsezo chingakhale chachikulu ndizochitika za kuvulala kosafunika, zofufuza za posachedwapa kuchokera ku Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) zimasonyeza kuti chiopsezo chenichenicho chingakhale chochepa kwambiri, ndipo tsopano chikhoza kuonedwa kukhala chochepa .
Kufunsa mafunso "Atatu mwa Zaka Chikwi"
Pa kafukufuku wofukufuku wa 1989, ofufuza anapeza kuti chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV pogwiritsa ntchito kachilombo koyambitsa matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kanali pafupi ndi 0.32 peresenti, kapena maulendo atatu pa zovulala 1,000.
Chiwerengerochi sichinali chodziwika bwino kwa akuluakulu a zaumoyo, ngakhale kuti pali umboni wakuti "atatu mwa chikwi" amawerengera odwala omwe alibe chithandizo cham'mbuyo, matenda opatsirana -omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu mu 1989-kuposa Zomwe zimayesedwa zowonongeka pokhapokha kuvulaza kofunikira.
Kusanthula kwa meta komwe kunachitika mu 2006 kunatsimikiziranso kukayikira kumeneko.
Pofufuza kafukufuku wosiyana 21, ofufuzawa adapeza kuti ziwerengero zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuti chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV chimawonjezeredwa ndi 0.13 peresenti ngati vuto lopweteka liyenera kukhala chinthu chokha. Pokhapokha ngati wodwala wodwalayo ali ndi matenda a Edzi, ndiye kuti CD4 chiwerengero cha pansi pa maselo 200 / mL ndi / kapena matenda odwala Edzi -chiwerengero cha 0.37 peresenti.
Chomwe chinali chofunika kwambiri kuti ndizindikire chinali chakuti, pa maphunziro 21 omwe adawongosoledwa, 13 anamaliza chiopsezo cha 0%. Kusiyanitsa koteroko mu kafukufuku kunangowonjezera kusemphana komwe kwakhala kozungulira vuto la kachilombo ka HIV mu zochitika zaumoyo .
CDC Imafufuza Milandu Yovomerezeka ndi Yotengedwa
Pa January 9, 2015 nkhani ya Morbidity and Mortality Weekly , akuluakulu a CDC anapeza 58 zitsimikizo ndi 150 zomwe zingatheke kukhala ndi HIV pakati pa zaka za 1985 ndi 2013.
Malamulo otsimikiziridwa ndiwo omwe wogwira ntchito zaumoyo adakhazikitsidwa kuti asakhale ndi kachilombo ka HIV pamene wodwalayo akuwonetseredwa kuti ali ndi HIV. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, zifukwa zomwe zidachitika ndizo zomwe HIV ya wodwala wodwalayo sichidziwika kapena palibe chidziwitso cholembedwa chomwe chinakhazikitsidwa pakati pa wogwira ntchito zaumoyo ndi wodwalayo.
Lipotili likupitiriza kunena kuti, kuyambira 1999, vuto limodzi lokha limene linatsimikiziridwa kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV laperekedwa kwa CDC. (Nkhaniyi inakhudzana ndi kafukufuku wa labu yemwe, mu 2008, anali kugwira ntchito ndi chikhalidwe cha HIV.)
Pa milandu 58 yotsimikiziridwa, zonse zinayi koma zinayambira pakati pa zaka za 1985 ndi 1995, isanayambe kulandira chithandizo cha antiretroviral (ART) komanso kumasulidwa kwa malamulo oyambirira a US ogwiritsira ntchito post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kuwopsa kwa HIV.
Ngakhale kuti lipoti la CDC silinachepetse kufunika kwa PEP panthawi ya vuto la kusowa zofunika ndi zina zovulaza, zimasonyeza kuti, mwa mawu a ochita kafukufuku, "njira yochulukirapo komanso yowonongeka yowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda " yathandizira pafupifupi kuthetsa kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha HIV pokhapokha ngati ntchito ikugwira ntchito.
> Zotsatira:
> Khoti Lachigawo la United States, Eastern District ya Michigan, Southern Division. " JANE DOE ndi JOHN DOE, mwamuna ndi mkazi, Otsutsa, vs. ETIHAD AIRWAYS , PJSC, Woweruza." Grand Rapids, Michigan; October 15, 2013; inapezeka pa January 20, 2015.01.20
> Becker, C .; Chokha, J .; ndi Gerberding, J. "Matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi kachilombo ka HIV (HIV). Pachaka Pakati pa Mankhwala . April 15, 1989; 110 (8): 653-656.
> Baggaley, R .; Boily, M ;; White, R .; et al. "Kuopsa kwa kachirombo ka HIV kotenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV ndikupatsirana magazi." AIDS. April 4, 2006; 20 (6): 805-812.
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). " Mfundo zochokera ku Field: Occupationally Acquired HIV Infection Pakati pa Health Care Worker s - United States, 1985-2013." Kuchiza ndi Kufa Sabata Sabata. January 9, 2015; 63 (53): 1245-1246.
> CDC. "Yapangitsidwa Zotsatira za US Health Health Guidelines for Management of Occupational Exposures kwa HIV ndi Zotsatira za Postexposure Prophylaxis" . September 30, 2005; 54 (RR09): 1-17.