Malamulo Ena Osiyana Pemphani Olemba Medicaid ndi Othandizira Pulezidenti
Ngati ndinu mlendo wobwera ku US, chimodzi mwa zinthu zoyambirira zomwe mukufuna kuchita ndi kupeza inshuwalansi ya umoyo. Mosiyana ndi maiko ena ambiri, US sakhala ndi chidziwitso cha thanzi labwino, ndipo ngakhale Medicare ndi Medicaid ndizinthu zothandizira boma, sizikupezeka kwa alendo atsopano.
Choncho tiyeni tione mafunso ena omwe amafunsidwa kaŵirikaŵiri za zomwe zilipo kwa alendo, kuphatikizapo obwera kumene ndi omwe akhala ku US kwa nthawi yaitali.
Kodi ACA Premium Subsidies Limited ndi Nzika za US?
Ndalama zothandizidwa ndi ndalama zowonjezera (zowonjezera msonkho) zogulitsa zimapezeka kwa anthu ovomerezeka mwachilungamo, omwe akuphatikizapo mndandanda wautali wa malamulo othawira anthu oyendayenda (cholembedwa kuti Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals-DACA-sichiyesa kuti ndi oyenerera kuti achoke mukutenga kusintha).
Ndipotu, ndalama zothandizira ndalama zowonjezereka zimapezeka kwa anthu omwe asamukira kuno omwe ali ndi ndalama zoperewera pa umphaŵi, zomwe sizili choncho kwa anthu omwe sali ochokera kudziko lina kapena osamukira kwawo omwe akhala akukhala m'dziko la United States kwa zaka zoposa zisanu.
ACA imayitanitsa anthu omwe ali ndi ndalama zoperewera kuti alandire Medicaid mmalo mwa malingaliro awo payekha, chifukwa chake ndalama zothandizira ndalama zambiri sizipezeka kwa ofunsira omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa pa umphawi. Koma osamukira kumene sakadalitsidwa ndi Mededidid federally-finededded Medicaid mpaka iwo akhala ku US kwa zaka zosachepera zisanu (akuti ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo kuti athe kupititsa patsogolo chithandizo cha Medicaid kwa anthu omwe asamukira kumene, omwe ena amachitira, makamaka a amayi apakati).
Pamene ACA inalembedwa, olemba malamulo anazindikira kuti ndalama za ACA zochepa zopezera ndalama zowonjezera ndalama (ie, umphaŵi) zidzasiya anthu omwe asamukira kumene omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa zopanda malire. Kotero iwo amapereka mwachindunji thandizo lapadera lomwe lingabweretse alendo atsopano omwe ali ndi ndalama zoperewera pa umphaŵi.
Pazifukwazi, ndalama zomwe munthu amapempha zimakhala ngati kuti ndi umphaŵi (kapena 133 peresenti ya umphaŵi muzinthu zomwe zawonjezera Medicaid, komwe kuli ndalama zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kukhala woyenera kupeza chithandizo m'malo mwa Medicaid) . Mu 2017, izi zikutanthawuza kuti wobwereketsayo ayenera kulipira 2.04 peresenti ya ndalama zake phindu lachiwiri-mtengo wotsika mtengo pa kusinthanitsa (apa ndifotokozera momwe masamu amagwirira ntchito).
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, kusiyana pakati pa olemba malamulo omwe akuyesera kuteteza anthu omwe asamukira kumeneku kunapangitsa kuti anthu 2,6 miliyoni omwe sali olowa m'mayiko 18 adasankha kuti asalandire ndalama zowonjezereka kuonjezera Medicaid (zomwe zidachitika chifukwa cha Khoti Lalikulu la 2012 kulamulira komwe kunathetsa ufulu wa boma kuti upangitse ndalama zonse za Medicaid pothandizira boma kuti liwonjezere kufalitsa).
Chifukwa chakuti mayikowa sanatulutse Medicaid, akuluakulu opanda ana odalirika kawirikawiri amalephera kulandira Medicaid mosasamala kanthu momwe ndalama zawo ziliri zochepa. Ndipo chifukwa chithandizo choyendetsera ndalama sichipezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ndalama zoperewera ndi umphawi (popeza kuti amafunika kukhala ndi Medicaid pansi pa ACA), anthuwa alibe mwayi weniweni wopeza inshuwalansi ya umoyo, monga kulipira mtengo wonse Zomwe zimakhala zothandiza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ndalama zowonjezera umphawi.
Koma m'mayiko onse, obwera kumene amodzi omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chovomerezeka mwachilungamo amatha kulandira thandizo la premium ngakhale ndalama zawo zili pansi pa umphaŵi.
Kodi Kusinthanitsa Kumadziŵa Kuti Ofunsayo Akupereka Lamulo Motani?
Panthawi yolembetsa, kusinthanitsa kuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti olembetsa akupezeka ku US Kulipo gawo pazomwe anthu omwe si nzika angalowe nawo kuuka kwawo ndikuphatikizapo mfundo monga nambala yachilendo kapena nambala ya 94 (apa pali mndandanda wathunthu wa zolemba zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsimikizira kuti anthu akupita kudziko lina, ndi momwe mungalowetse ngati mukulembetsa kudzera ku HealthCare.gov; kusinthanitsa kwa boma kuli ndi njira zofanana).
Ngati simungathe kulemba nambala ya fomu kapena mungapeze zolakwika, mudzakhala ndi mwayi wosungira zikalata zanu zosamukira kwanu, kapena kuwatumizira kusinthanitsa. Ngati simungathe kupereka zolembera zosamukirako, kufotokozera kwanu kungathe kubwezeretsedwanso.
Mu 2014, panali anthu pafupifupi 109,000 omwe HealthCare.gov analembedweratu pamene iwo sankatha kupereka umboni wa malo okhala ku US. Ndipo pofika pakati pa 2015, kufalitsa kunathetsedwa kwa anthu ena 306,000 omwe adaloledwa ku HealthCare.gov akukonzekera 2015 koma sanapereke zolembera zokwanira zofalitsa anthu.
Choncho ngati mukulembetsa ndipo muli ndi vuto ndi dongosolo lomwe limatsimikizira kuti anthu akupita kudziko lina, musangolisiya, ngati momwe mungathere ngati mutatero. Yesetsani kusinthana kwa chithandizo, kaya pa foni kapena mwa-munthu pa malo olembetsa, ndipo onetsetsani kuti zolemba zanu zalandiridwa.
Kodi Pali Mtundu Wotani Wopitako Wina Amene Ali 65 kapena Okalamba?
Asanafike chaka cha 2014, panali zosankha zochepa kwa anthu omwe asamukira kumene akukhala zaka 65 kapena kuposa. Ndondomeko ya inshuwalansi yaumwini nthawi zambiri siinapezeke kwa aliyense ali ndi zaka zoposa 64, ndipo ngati Medicaid, pali zaka zisanu kuyembekezera kuti asamukira kumene ku Medicare. Choncho alendo okalamba kawirikawiri ankadalira inshuwalansi yaulendo wautali, pokhapokha atakhala ndi mwayi wothandizidwa ndi abwana ku US
Ngakhale patadutsa zaka zisanu, Medicare kawirikawiri inali yopanda phindu kwa alendo. Popeza Medicare imalandiridwa mwapadera ndi misonkho ya malipiro omwe ogwira ntchito ku US amalipira pantchito zawo, Medicare Part A (inshuwalansi ya chipatala) sizowonjezera kwaulere anthu omwe adalitsa misonkho ya Medicare kwa zaka zosachepera khumi (okwatirana akukhala pakhomo akhoza kukhala oyenerera Medicare yochokera pa mbiri ya ntchito ya mkazi).
Pambuyo pa zaka zisanu, alendo omwe ali ndi zaka 65 kapena kupitanso amatha kugula Medicare ngakhale ngati sanapereke ndalama ku mchitidwe wa Medicare kudzera misonkho ya msonkho. Mu 2017, Medicare Part A ndi $ 413 / mwezi kwa anthu opanda mbiriyakale ya ntchito, ndipo Medicare Part B ndi $ 134 / mwezi (aliyense amapereka premium ya Medicare Part B , ziribe kanthu mbiri ya ntchito). Kuyeza kwa Medigap ndi Medicare Part D ndizofunikira zowonjezerapo zomwe zingathe kuwonjezeredwa ku Medicare, koma zimabwera ndi malipiro ena.
Koma anthu othawa kwawo mwalamulo amatha kulembetsa malonda awo pamsika pokhapokha atangofika ku US, ndipo chifukwa cha ACA, iwo sakuletsedwanso kuchita zimenezo ngati ali ndi zaka zoposa 64 (msika wina aliyense Kuwunikira kulipo mosasamala za msinkhu, malinga ngati munthuyo salembedwanso ku Medicare). Kuonjezera apo, ndalama zopereka ndalama zowonjezera zilipo mosasamala za msinkhu, ndipo monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndalama zothandizira zimapezeka kwa anthu obwera kumene omwe ali ndi ndalama zoperewera pa umphaŵi.
Pakalipano, pansi pa ACA, mapepala apamtima a anthu ndi aang'ono omwe amalembera olemba zakale omwe amawunikirapo amalembedwa katatu katatu kuti msonkho waperekedwa kwa mwana wazaka 21. Choncho, zaka zisanu ndi zitatu (85) zidzapatsidwa chiwerengero chomwecho ngati mwana wazaka 64 (m'mabuku awiriwa, ndilo katatu mlingo wokhala ndi zaka 21, pokhapokha ngati boma likufuna chiŵerengero chochepa; apamwamba kuposa atatu kapena mmodzi).
American Health Care Act (AHCA), yomwe inadutsa Nyumbayi mu May 2017 ndipo ikuyankhidwa mu Senate , idzawonjezera chiŵerengero, komabe, kuti olembetsa akale azilipira katatu kuposa olembetsa achinyamata (kapena ambiri, ngati boma liyenera kufunafuna kuchotsa ndikukhazikitsa chiŵerengero chapamwamba).
Palinso mapulani a inshuwalansi oyendayenda komanso mapulani a zaumoyo omwe akulowa m'mayiko ena, koma amakhala ochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi malingaliro omwe akupezeka mu kusinthanitsa, ndi ziphuphu zopindulitsa komanso zomwe zilipo kale. Ndondomeko izi sizingaganizidwe zofunikira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chilango cha ACA chosayanjanitsika chikuyankhidwa mwalamulo-anthu omwe akulowa m'derali omwe amadalira pazinthu izi, pokhapokha atakhala ndi chilango chokwanira.
AHCA idzachotsa chilango cha ACA kumayambiriro kwa 2016, koma mpaka lamulo lochotsa chilango likhazikitsidwe, pakadalibe chilango cha kukhala opanda chidziwitso chofunika kwambiri mu 2017 , kupatula ngati mutayenerera kulandira chilango .
Kodi Mnyamukako angalowetsedwe m'ndandanda kunja kwa olembetsa oyamba?
Inde. Kukhala nzika ya US kapena kukhala ndi udindo mwalamulo ku US ndi chiyeneretso, chomwe chimapatsa munthuyo masiku 60 kuti alowe mu ndondomeko kudzera mu inshuwalansi ya umoyo (onani kuti ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zochitika zochepa chabe zomwe sizikuyambitsa nthawi yolembetsa yapadera kwa mapulani osinthanitsa ; nthawi yolembetsa yapadera imapezeka pokhapokha mwachindunji).
Otsalira ena posachedwapa ali ndi malingaliro opindula ndi abwana, ndipo mapulani awo ali ndi nthawi yolembera yapadera kwa anthu omwe akulembedwera kunja kwa olembetsa kapena atha kukhala ndi zofunikira . Choncho, ngakhale kuti olembetsa amawatsegulira, chifukwa mapulani omwe amapatsidwa okha ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito abwana amangobwera kamodzi pachaka, alendo atsopano ali ndi mwayi wolembetsa kuti awunikire ngakhale atasamukira.
Kodi Anthu Othaŵa Kwawo Osatumizidwa Angapezeko Zochita?
Pansi pa malamulo a ACA, anthu othawa kwawo mwalamulo amatha kulembetsa ndondomeko zoperekedwa mwachindunji, ndipo amatha kulandira ndalama zowonjezera ngati ndalama zawo zikuwathandiza. Koma ACA ilibe kanthu kalikonse kamene kamalola anthu osamukira kudziko lina kuti apeze chithandizo.
Lamulo likuletsa mosapita m'mbali anthu osatumizidwa kuti asagwire nawo ntchitoyi-ngakhale atalipira; onani gawo 1312 (f) (3) la ACA . Ochokera kunja omwe sali ovomerezeka ndiwonso sagwirizana ndi Medicaid. Popeza sangathe kulembetsa mgwirizano kapena Medicaid, anthu osamukira kumayiko ena saloledwa kulandira chilango cha ACA .
California inayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za boma kuti lipange Medicaid (Medi-Cal) kuti ipeze ana osamukira kudziko lina kuyambira 2016, ndipo ana 170,000 anapeza chithandizo.
Akuluakulu a ku California ankafuna kuti apite patsogolo ndipo amalola akuluakulu achikulire kuti asagulire (popanda zopereka) ku California, Covered California. Boma linakhazikitsa lamulo (SB10) mu June 2016 kuti ligule mpira, ndipo adapereka chisankho cha 1332 ku boma la federal mu September 2016 , popeza chivomerezo cha boma chili chofunikira kuti asinthe malamulo omwe pakali pano amaletsa anthu osamukira kunja kuti agule ngakhale ndondomeko zosinthanitsa zamtengo wapatali.
Koma mu January 2017, masiku awiri Donald Trump asanakhazikitsidwe, California anachotsa chisankho chawo 1332 pakati pa nkhaŵa kuti Administration Trump ingagwiritse ntchito deta ya Covered California kuti ipeze ndi kuthamangitsa anthu osamukira kudziko lina.
Ochokera kunja omwe sali othawa amatha kupeza chithandizo pa zolinga za abwana kapena ndondomeko zaumoyo za ophunzira ngati ali oyenerera, ndipo akhoza kugula malonda awo pokhapokha atagula. Koma pakadali pano, sangathe kulembetsa kufotokozera kudzera mu inshuwalansi ya umoyo kudziko lililonse.
> Zotsatira:
> Healthcare.gov. Mkhalidwe Wosamukira ku Msika.
> Mapulogalamu apakati a zapakhomo, Njira Yopezera Ndalama 2016-24 .
> Kaiser Family Foundation: Gawo Lophatikizapo: Osauka Osauka Okalamba M'mayiko omwe Salikulitsa Medicaid. October 19, 2016.
> Medicare.gov. Medicare Mitengo 2017 pa Ulemerero.
> Lamulo Lachilamulo Ladziko Lachilendo. "Lamulo Loyenera" Anthu Oyenerera Omwe Angakhale Omwe Angakhale Ogwira Ntchito Mwachangu.