Pakuthandizira Zothandizira Pomwe Zimakuvulazani
Chakudya choyenera ndi chofunikira kwa moyo wautali ndi moyo wabwino wa munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ngati wina aliyense. Koma nthawi zambiri zakudya zimasowa kusintha pamene thupi limayankha mankhwala osiyanasiyana kapena matenda omwewo.
Mavitamini ndi mchere amatha kuchedwa nthawi yayitali kapena yowonjezereka ya kutsekula m'mimba , zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ena.
Kusintha kwa mafuta a thupi, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala kapena kachilombo ka HIV, kukhoza kusintha kusintha kwa chakudya.
Komabe, makamaka, zotsatira za kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi ndi anthu omwe ali ndi HIV. Mwachitsanzo, kusowa kwa Vitamini A ndi B12, kumakhala koyambitsana ndi matenda ofulumira kwambiri. Mankhwala otsika kwambiri a micronutrients, omwe amawoneka mwa anthu omwe alibe chakudya, amafuna kuti mavitamini adyake-nthawi zambiri njira yowonjezeretsa zakudya.
Mosakayikira, zakudya zowonjezera zakudya zimakhala ndi malo awo pochiza matenda osowa zakudya m'thupi kapena matenda omwe amapezeka, kaya amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo ka HIV kapena zakudya zoperewera. Izi ndizochitika makamaka pamapeto a matenda pamene kulemera kwa thupi ndi kachilombo ka HIV kawirikawiri zimawoneka.
Koma, nanga bwanji wina aliyense? Kodi anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV amafunikira zakudya zowonjezera zakudya? Kodi mankhwalawa amaphatikizapo mankhwala omwe amachepetsa chiwopsezo cha matenda, kuchepetsa kupititsa patsogolo matenda, kapena kubwezeretsanso ntchito za chitetezo cha munthu?
Kapena kodi tikungoyembekeza kuti adzatero?
Zolinga Zamalonda
Malingana ndi US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), pafupifupi theka la anthu onse a ku America amadya zakudya zowonjezera zakudya, kuphatikizapo mavitamini, minerals, ndi herbals. Mitundu yowonjezera imeneyi imayendetsedwa ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), yomwe imatanthawuza zakudya zowonjezera zakudya monga "zopangira zakudya zowonjezera kuti aziwonjezera zakudyazo."
Malingana ndi tanthawuzo ili, multivitamins ndi zakudya zina zowonjezera zakudya zimayendetsedwa monga gawo la chakudya, osati monga mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala. Iwo sayenera kupyola muchitetezo chokhwimitsa, chisanafike pamsika ndi kuyesa bwino kapena FDA ili ndi ulamuliro wofuna kuyesa kotero.
M'malo mwake, a FDA amadalira makamaka pamasitolo omwe amawoneka kuti akuyang'anitsitsa madandaulo a ogula ndikufunanso opanga kuti asunge kachitidwe ka zowawa. Komabe, mauthenga oipawa (AERs) amatumizidwa muzochitika zowopsa zowopsa. Zochitika zosavuta, monga kupweteka mutu kapena m'mimba, sizikufotokozedwa pokhapokha wopanga mwaufulu asankha kuchita zimenezo.
Izi zikusiyana kwambiri ndi makampani opanga mankhwala, omwe amawononga ndalama zokwana madola 1.3 biliyoni pa mankhwala pazofukufuku ndi zopititsa patsogolo kuti apeze chivomerezo cha FDA. Mu 2011, kugulitsa zakudya zowonjezera zakudya kunagunda madola 30 biliyoni ku US, kuchulukitsa kawiri kawiri msika wogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kodi Zingakuthandizeni Kulimbana ndi Chitetezo Chokwanira?
Chakudya chabwino mwa kudya zakudya zowonongeka kungathandize kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo cha m'thupi chikuyenera mogwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV .
Udindo wa mavitamini ndi zina zowonjezera zakudya, mosiyana, zimatsutsana.
Kusokonezeka kuli ponseponse pa malo ogula ogula, omwe nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi malingaliro opanga zokhudzana ndi mankhwala omwe amathandizidwa kwambiri ndi kafukufuku. Ndipo pamene FDA ikuyesa kulamulira izi, kuunika kwa 2012 ndi Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ndi Zaumunthu kunanena kuti pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya zowonjezerapo zomwe zinakonzedweratu zidaperekedwa zowonongedwa kwathunthu, nthawi zambiri zokhudzana ndi "chitetezo cha mthupi." mochuluka kwambiri kuti zonena zimenezi ndi zabodza kwambiri. Zingowonjezereka kuti umboni wotchulidwawo umakhala wosatsimikizika kapena wosagwirizana bwino.
Mwachitsanzo, olemba mapulogalamu ambiri amapita ku maphunziro a 2004 a Harvard School of Public Health, omwe amawona momwe ma multivitamine amathandizira pa chifuwa cha amayi 1,097 omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV ku Tanzania. Kumapeto kwa chiyeso, 31 peresenti omwe adatenga mankhwalawa anali atafa kapena adalandira matenda opatsirana ndi Edzi poyerekeza ndi 25% mu gulu la placebo. Malinga ndi umboni umenewu, ochita kafukufukuwo adanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku kwa multivitamin (makamaka B, C, ndi E) kunangowonjezera kupititsa patsogolo kachilombo ka HIV, koma kunapereka "njira zowononga, zochepetsera kuyambitsa kuyambitsa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana mu HIV- amayi odwala. "
Pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku, olemba mapulogalamu ambiri adanena kuti phunziroli ndi "umboni wosayansi" wa katundu wawo. Zomwe amalephera kuchita, ndizomwe zimaphatikizapo phunzirolo, kunyalanyaza zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa zotsatirapo-osati zochepa zomwe ndizo umphawi, njala, ndi kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi mwa anthu osauka.
Potsirizira pake, palibe mu phunziroli kuti ma multivitamini, mwa iwo okha, angasonyeze phindu lomwelo-kapena amatha kuganiza chimodzimodzi-muzokhazikitsa zolemera monga US kapena Europe. Zotsatira za maphunziro otsogolera akhala osagwirizana, kuphatikizapo phunziro la 2012 lomwe linasonyeza kuti multivitamini yapamwamba yapamwamba ikhoza kuonjezera chiopsezo cha imfa mwa anthu osoŵa zakudya kwambiri. Maphunziro ena a zachipatala awonetsa phindu kwa omwe ali ndi matenda akuluakulu (ma CD4 pansi pa 200 cell / mL), pamene ena sanawonetsere phindu konse.
Zomwe maphunziro ambiri amathandizira ndi chitetezo cha ma multivitamin muzomwe zimalimbikitsidwa tsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV omwe akusoŵa zakudya kapenanso matenda oyamba.
Pamene Zakudya Zowonjezera Zimapweteka Kwambiri Kuposa Zabwino
Zochepa kwambiri zimadziwika phindu la mavitamini, mchere, ndi zina zomwe zimawonekera. Maphunziro angapo m'zaka zaposachedwapa adayang'ana pa ntchito ya selenium, mchere wosadziwika womwe umadziwika ndi antioxidant. Kafukufuku amawonetsa kuti kutaya kwa selenium m'mayambiriro a kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV kukufanana ndi imfa ya CD4 maselo panthawi yomwe matenda a malungo ndi kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi nthawi zambiri sawoneka ngati zifukwa.
Zokakamiza ngati chiyanjanochi chikhoza kuoneka, kafukufuku sadayambe kuthandizira phindu lenileni la selenium yothandizira, kaya ndi kupeŵa matenda okhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena kubwezeretsedwa kwa CD4. Zotsatira zofananazi zawonetsedwa ndi magnesium ndi zowonjezeretsa zinc, zomwe zimawonjezeka m'magazi a plasma alibe mgwirizano wokhudzana ndi matenda kapena zotsatira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa zowonjezereka kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chikhulupiliro chakuti mankhwala "zachirengedwe" amapereka chitetezo cha mthupi mwamsanga chomwe chingathandize kuchiza HIV. Izi sizinali choncho. Ndipotu, zowonjezereka zingakhudzire kwambiri anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi, mwina polepheretsa kusokoneza kwa mankhwala awo kapena poyambitsa mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti phindu lililonse likhale lopindulitsa.
Zina mwa zovuta zomwe zingakhalepo:
- Matenda a Megadose A- Vitamini A (pamwamba pa 25,000 UUs tsiku ndi tsiku) angapangitse chiwopsezo cha chiwindi cha poizoni, kutuluka m'magazi, kutuluka mwadzidzidzi, ndi kutaya thupi. Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) silingalimbikitse kugwiritsa ntchito vitamini A zowonjezereka mwa amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo, omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ndi kafukufuku wosonyeza kuti mlingo wa 5,000 wa UU tsiku ndi tsiku ukhoza kuonjezera chiopsezo cha kutengeka kwa amayi ndi mwana .
- Megadose Vitamini C -Koma kafukufuku wina wanena kuti mavitamini C omwe amatha kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu muchitetezo cha ma cell, umboniwo umatsutsana kwambiri. Chimene tikudziwa ndi chakuti mavitamini C ambiri amatha kuchepetsa kutsekula m'mimba ndi kutsekula m'mimba (zomwe zimatha kukhudza mankhwala ena a kachilombo ka HIV). Mavitamini C opitirira 1000 mg patsiku amadziwika kuti amachepetsa majekiti a Crixivan (indinavir) ena.
- Vitamini B6 (pyridoxine) Kudya kwa vitamini B6 (pamwamba pa 2,000 mg pa tsiku) kumayambitsa mitsempha yowonongeka, kuwonetsa mitsempha yokhudzana ndi HIV ndi odwala omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV kamene kakhudzidwa kale ndi vutoli.
- Vitamini E- Kuposa mlingo wa vitamini E (pamwamba pa 1,500 UUs) kumatha kusokoneza magazi, pamene nthawi yayitali, kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse kutsekula m'mimba, kufooka kwa thupi, ndi mseru.
- Wokondedwa wa St. John's (hypericin) - Kukonzekera kwa zitsamba komwe kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira kuvutika maganizo, St. John's Wort amadziwika kuchepetsa mavitamini onse a protease inhibitor (PI) ndi mankhwala osakhala nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). wodwalayo ali pachiopsezo chotsutsa mankhwala ndi kuperewera kwa mankhwala.
- Garlic -Garlic mapiritsi ndi zowonjezera mavitamini awonetseredwa kuti achepetse mphamvu za seramu za mankhwala ena omwe ali ndi HIV, makamaka Invirase (saquinavir) yomwe ikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi hafu pamene imatengedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi mankhwala a adyo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zatsopano kapena zophika adyo siziwoneka kuti zimakhudza mankhwala a seramu.
- Madzi a zipatso zam'madzi - Mafuta asanu ndi atatu a madzi atsopano omwe amachotsedwa ndi Crixivan amatha kuchepetsa mankhwala a seramu ndi 26 peresenti, pamene mazira ofanana omwe amachititsa madzi a Invirase angachepetsere 100 peresenti (kuonjezera zotsatira zina). Ngakhale madzi a mphesa sayenera kutayika pa zakudya zake, sayenera kutengedwa maola awiri kapena mawiri musanayambe kumwa mankhwala.
Mawu Ochokera
Kufunika kwa zakudya zoyenera komanso zakudya zabwino, sangathe kudandaula kwambiri. Uphungu wa zakudya ungathandize omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV kumvetsetsa zosowa zawo kuti azikhala bwino:
- Kupeza ndi kupitiriza kulemera kwa thupi
- Pitirizani kukhala ndi thanzi la lipids , kuphatikizapo mafuta a mchere komanso triglycerides
- Onetsetsani kuti zakudya zolimbana ndi kachilombo ka HIV zingayambitse matenda
- Matenda okhudzana ndi zakudya zomwe zingabwere kuchokera ku zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi HIV
- Gwiritsani ntchito zakudya kuti muteteze matenda omwe mungapeze chakudya
Udindo wa masewera olimbitsa thupi sungathe kunyalanyazidwa, ndi phindu kwa thupi ndi thanzi labwino (kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV ).
Pofuna kuthandizira, multivitamin tsiku lililonse ikhoza kuthandizira kuti zowonjezereka zikhale zosakwanira, makamaka mwa iwo omwe sangakwanitse kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo. Komabe, kumwa mavitamini kupatulapo malipiro awo a tsiku ndi tsiku sikulangizidwa. Palibenso deta yothandizira kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana kapena kuwonjezera mphamvu za mankhwala opatsirana pogonana pogwiritsa ntchito kachilombo ka HIV .
Chonde funsani dokotala wanu zowonjezereka zomwe mungatenge pokambirana za kasamalidwe ndi chithandizo cha HIV yanu.
> Zotsatira:
> Zomwe Zilikulu za US Zokhudza Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC). "Kugwiritsira Ntchito Zakudya Zina mwa Akuluakulu a US Akuwonjezeka Kuchokera ku NHANESI III (1999-1994)." NCHC Data Brief. Chigawo cha National Health Statistics; Hyattsville, Maryland; April 2011; Nambala 1.
> Fawzi, W .; Msamanga, G .; Spiegelman, D .; et al. "Kuyesedwa kwapadera kwa mavitamini owonjezera multivitamin ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi kufa." New England Journal of Medicine ; 351 (1): 23-32.
> Isanaka, S .; Mugusi, F .; Hawkins, C; et al. "Kuchita kwa mlingo wapamwamba ndi mlingo woyenera multivitamin supplementatio n pa kuyambitsa HAART pa chiopsezo cha HIV ndi kufa ku Tanzania: kuyesedwa kosasinthika." Journal of the American Medical Association. October 17, 2012; 308 (15): 1535-1544.
> Constans, J ;; Delmas-Beauvieux, M .; Sergeant, C ;; et al. "Chaka chimodzi chokha antioxidant supplementation ndi beta-carotene kapena selenium kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda aumunthu: kuphunzira kwa woyendetsa ndege." Matenda opatsirana pogonana ; 23 (3): 654-656.
> Villamor E .; Msamanga, G .; Spiegelman, D .; et al. "Mphamvu ya multivitamin ndi vitamini A supplement s pa kulemera kwa pathupi pa nthawi ya pakati pa amayi omwe ali ndi HIV / 1." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ; 76 (5): 1082-1090.