Pofuna kuyendetsa bwino HIV yanu, mayeso ambiri amagazi amachitidwa nthawi iliyonse pakapita maulendo. Powonetsedwa zotsatira za mayesero awa, anthu ambiri adzayang'ana kuwerengera kwawo kwa CD4 ndi chiwerengero cha mavairasi ndi zokongola kwambiri pazomwe zili. Ndipo ngakhale mayina kapena ziwerengero zina zimakhala zomveka, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kumvetsa zomwe zimatanthauza kapena momwe zimagwirira ntchito kwa inu monga munthu.
Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti mayesero awa ndi ofunika kwambiri monga momwe zilili ndi HIV. Iwo akhoza kukhala akuneneratu za matenda omwe akutukuka kapena kuyeza yankho lanu ku mankhwala omwe mwalamula kuti muwone kapena kulepheretsa zotsatirapo zomwe nthawi zina zimachitika. Pozindikira kumvetsetsa pang'ono mwa mayesero ofunikirawa, mutha kutenga nawo mbali mu kasamalidwe ka HIV wanu mwa njira zomwe zimagwira ntchito komanso zodziwitsa.
Chotsatira "Chachibadwa" N'chiyani?
Powerenga lipoti la ma labata, zotsatira zimayikidwa pamtengo wamtengo. Zotsatira izi ndizofaniziridwa ndi "zachizolowezi" zomwe zafotokozedwa pa lipoti, zomwe zimasonyezedwa ndi zapamwamba komanso mtengo wotsika. Chidziwitso chimaperekedwa kuzinthu zomwe zimakhala kunja kwa zosiyana monga izi zingasonyeze zomwe zingakhale zovuta. Zizoloŵezi zosaoneka nthawi zina zimawonekera molimba kapena zowonetsedwa ndi "H" zapamwamba ndi "L" zochepa.
Mtundu wodalirika umachokera ku zikhalidwe zomwe munthu angayembekezere kuzipeza mwa anthu ambiri a dera lanu lapadziko lonse lapansi.
Zomwe zili choncho, nthawi zonse saganizira zomwe zingakhale zachilendo kwa munthu amene ali ndi HIV. Ngati zotsatira zikugwa kunja kwa zoyenera kuyembekezera, siziyenera kuchititsa kuti alamuke. Kambiranani izi ndi dokotala yemwe angathe kudziwa bwino kufunika kwake.
N'kofunikanso kuzindikira kuti zotsatira zikhoza kusiyana ndi labu ku labata, mwina chifukwa cha njira zoyesera kapena zipangizo zoyesera.
Choncho, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito labu yomweyi pa mayesero anu onse. Pa nthawi yomweyi, yesetsani kuyesa mayeso anu nthawi zambiri-kapena pasanathe nthawi yomweyo. Malingaliro amtengedwe amatha kusinthasintha patsiku, monga momwe angathere ngati munthu akudwala, atatopa, kapena posachedwa katemera. Ngati simukumva bwino tsiku la mayesero anu, mungafunike kuganiziranso ntchito tsiku lina mukakhala bwino.
Malipiro Okwanira Onse
Kuwerengera kwa magazi kwathunthu (CBC) kumayesa makina ndi mapangidwe a magazi anu. Zowonongeka zimayang'ana maselo omwe amayendetsa mpweya wabwino ndi mpweya woipa m'thupi komanso omwe amamenyana ndi matenda komanso kuthandizira kusiya magazi.
CBC ikhoza kuthandizira kupeza matenda, matenda a kuchepa kwa magazi, matenda osokoneza bongo, ndi mavuto ena osiyanasiyana. Kuchuluka kwa magazi m'thupi ndi chimodzi mwa zotsatira zoyanjanitsidwa ndi Retrovir (AZT) , mwachitsanzo, mayesero omwe amatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mafupa a mafupa omwe amachititsidwa ndi mankhwala.
Zina mwa zigawo za CBC ndi izi:
- Hemoglobin (Hb) -Ichi ndi mapuloteni omwe amapezeka mu maselo ofiira omwe amamanga mpweya ndipo amawapereka mwachindunji kumatenda. Mankhwala otsika a hemoglobin amagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Nthaŵi zina zitsulo zowonjezera zimatchulidwa muzochitika zovuta kwambiri za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.
- Platelets (PLT) - Maselo amenewa ali ndi udindo wothandiza kuti asiye magazi. Ngakhale kuti anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malingaliro apansi a PLT kusiyana ndi anthu onse, pamene ali ofatsa, izi ndizosafunika kwenikweni. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NRTI) komanso kachirombo ka HIV kokha kamakhala kochepa ndi maselo a PLT (otchedwa thrombocytopenia) komanso matenda okhudzana ndi kachirombo ka HIV, monga lymphoma ndi mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) .
- Maselo oyera a magazi (WBC) - Maselo ambiri a magazi (leukocyte) ndi thupi la maselo omwe amalimbana ndi matenda. Ngakhale kuti WBC yapansi si yachilendo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi, magulu otsika kwambiri angakhale chizindikiro cha matenda aakulu. CD4 zamatenda ali pakati pa maselo omwe ali ndi WBC. Zina zimaphatikizapo neutrophils (zomwe zimawongolera mabakiteriya ndi matupi ena achilendo), majeremusi (majeremusi, chifuwa), ndi basophils (omwe akuyang'anira kumasula histamines m'nyengo yozizira kapena kutentha).
Mafuta a Magazi
Mayeserowa amachitidwa kuti ayese mlingo wa mafuta osiyana (kapena "lipids") m'magazi, kuphatikizapo cholesterol ndi triglycerides . HIV yokha imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa triglyceride ndi LDL cholesterol ("cholesterol choipa") komanso kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha HDL cholesterol ("cholesterol chabwino").
Mankhwala ena ochepetsa ma ARV, monga protease inhibitors (PIs) , amatha kukhudza mafilimu. Kuwunika mfundo izi ndizofunika kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ngati ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matenda a mtima kusiyana ndi anthu ambiri.
Ma lipids osiyanasiyana ndi awa:
- Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) -Kowonjezera kwa mphamvu ya lipoprotein imatulutsa mafuta m'thupi kuchokera ku chiwindi kupita kumadera ena a thupi ndipo imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kutseka kwa mitsempha. Ngati munthu wakula msinkhu wa LDL, zakudya zimasintha ndi / kapena kuchepetsa mankhwala ochepetsa mafuta a m'thupi.
- Kachilombo koyambitsa lipoprotein (HDL) - Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, cholesterol choterechi amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima mwa kuchotsa cholesterol choipa kuchokera kumatenda ndi kubwerera kuchiwindi cha metabolism.
- Triglycerides -Uwo ndi mawonekedwe a mafuta omwe thupi limagula mphamvu. Maseŵera akuluakulu a triglycerides amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matenda amadzimadzi kapena kuperewera kwa madzi .
Ntchito ya Chiwindiyesa
Awa ndi mayesero omwe amachititsa kuti chiwindi chigwira bwino ntchito. Chiwindi ndi chiwalo chomwe chimayambitsa mphamvu ya mafuta, chakudya, ndi mapuloteni komanso kupanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amafunika kuti azidya. Mayeserowa angathe kuthandizira kudziwa matenda a chiwindi kapena matenda a chiwindi komanso kuwonongeka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mowa, kapena zinthu zina zoopsa.
Chiwindi chimayesa mankhwala monga mankhwala owopsa ndipo, motere, amawachititsa kukhala mbali ya mphamvu yake yowonongeka. Izi nthawi zina zimatha "kugwira ntchito mopitirira" chiwindi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka (kutchedwa hepatotoxicity). Odwala ena omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV Viramune (nevirapine) kapena Ziagen (abacavir) akhoza kuchitapo kanthu kuti athane ndi matenda a hepatotoxicity m'miyezi yoyamba kapena miyezi yoyamba mankhwala.
Kuwonjezera apo, pafupifupi anthu atatu mwa azimayi achiAmerika omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a hepatitis B (HBV) kapena hepatitis C (HCV) . Kuwunika LFTs ndikofunika kuti mudziwe matendawa.
Mayesero oti mudziwe ndi awa:
- Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) -ALT ndi enzyme yomwe imapezeka pachiwindi. Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira kufooka kwa chiwindi kapena matenda a nthawi yaitali. Mawere a ALT okwezeka angasonyeze kuti ali ndi matenda a chiwindi. Kuphatikiza pa chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mankhwala a zitsamba nthawi zina amachititsa kuti ziwerengero za ALT ziwonjezeke komanso mowa, mankhwala osangalatsa, komanso mavitamini A.
- Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) -SI ndi mpweya umene umapangidwa minofu ndi minofu m'thupi lonse, kuphatikizapo chiwindi. Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ALT kuti azindikire mavuto omwe amakhala nawo kapena aakulu a chiwindi. Ngati magawo awiri onsewa akupezeka, kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi mwa mtundu wina kungakhalepo.
- Nthenda yamchere ya phosphatase (ALP) - Imodzi mwa ntchito zazikuluzikulu za chiwindi ndi kutulutsa bile, yomwe imathandizira kudula mafuta. ALP ndi enzyme yomwe imapezeka mu khola la chibindi cha chiwindi. Pamene bilezi ikuyenda pang'onopang'ono kapena kusokonezeka, mayiko a ALP akuwonjezeka. Mwachidziwitso anawonjezera ma alp angasonyeze chiwindi cha chiwindi kapena ndulu chomwe chimapangidwira ndi kupinga (monga miyala miyala) kapena matenda. Mafuta a phosphate omwe ali pamwamba angasonyezenso vuto la fupa. Wogwira ntchito zachipatala adzafuna kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake mipingo ili pamwamba ndipo ngati kuwonjezeka kumachitika chifukwa cha chiwindi kapena fupa.
- Bilirubin -Bilirubin ndi mankhwala achikasu omwe amapezeka mu bile. Kukula kwa bilirubin kumayambitsa matenda a jaundice mu matenda a shuga. Kachilombo ka HIV Reyataz (atazanavir) ingayambitsenso kuyambitsa ma bilirubin mu zina, zomwe zimachititsa chikasu ndi maso. Ngakhale kuti kawirikawiri izi sizingaganizidwe kuti zili ndi vuto la chiwindi, zingakhale zovuta kwa iwo omwe zimakhudza.
Mayesero a Ntchito Zowonongeka
Izi ndi mayesero omwe amayeza ntchito za impso zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi njira yamakono, zomwe zimasungira magazi ndikuthandizira kupanga electrolytes, ma pH body, ndi magazi. Mayeserowa angathe kuzindikira kuti pali nthenda ya chiwewe-kuwonongeka kapena matenda a impso-kapena kuwona zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa mankhwala ndi zinthu zina.
Kachilombo ka HIV kokhudzana ndi kachirombo ka HIV kamakhudzidwa ndi chiopsezo cha imfa, ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu pafupifupi 12 peresenti padziko lonse lapansi. Mankhwala ambiri angakhudze impso, chifukwa chake ntchito ya impso iyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pa mankhwala aliwonse omwe ali ndi HIV omwe ali ndi tenofovir (mwachitsanzo, Truvada , Atripla ) chifukwa amadziwika kuti amachititsa vuto la impso komanso kulephera.
Zimene muyenera kuyang'ana:
- Creatinine -Creatinine ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti thupi liziyenda bwino, limatulutsa moyenera komanso limatulutsa impso. Kusintha kwa magulu a creatinine kungasonyeze vuto ndi impso, koma kungakhale chifukwa cha kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ena kapena mankhwala owonjezera, monga zopatsa mphamvu za creatinine zomwe zimatchuka ndi othamanga.
- Urea -Urea ndi mankhwala a mapuloteni a metabolism, omwe amatulutsidwa kuchokera ku thupi mumkodzo. Maseŵera a high urea angakhale opusa a kutaya magazi, impso za impso, kapena kutaya madzi m'thupi.
- Kuyeza kwa feremu ya glomerular (eGFR) -kuyezetsa kumeneku kumayesa kuchuluka kwa magazi impso fyuluta pamphindi. Kufooka kwabwino kumasonyeza kuwonongeka kwa chiwerewere. Kuwunika mfundo izi n'kofunika kwambiri kwa omwe ali ndi mankhwala omwe angakhudze impso
> Zotsatira:
> Islam, F .; Wu, J .; Jansson, J ;; et al. "Kuopsa kwa matenda a mtima pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV: ndondomeko yowonongeka." HIV Mankhwala. March 13, 2012; 13 (8): 453-468.
> Alter, M. "Epidemiology ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kachirombo ka HIV." Journal of Hepatology. Kugawidwa kwa HIV ya Hepatitis, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. 2006; 44 (1): S6-S6.
> Joint United Nations Program on HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Pulogalamu ya UNAIDS ya Global AIDS Epidemic ya 2015. " Geneva, Switzerland; ISBN: 978 92 4 1508934.