Mafinoni a Impso Omwe Amayendera Mliri wa Magazi
Mankhwala otchedwa renin-angiotensin ndi gulu la ma hormone ofanana omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti athetse kuthamanga kwa magazi. Icho chimatchedwa dongosolo chifukwa gawo lirilonse limakhudza mbali zina ndipo zonse ndi zofunika kuti zonsezi zichite molondola. Mankhwala a renin-angiotensin, ogwira ntchito pamodzi ndi impso, ndilofunika kwambiri kwa thupi nthawi yaitali.
Ngakhale kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa kanthaŵi kochepa kumayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, pafupifupi nthawi zonse kusintha kwa magazi kumagwira ntchito impso ndi renin-angiotensin.
Kodi njira ya Renin-Angiotensin imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Mamembala ofunikira a renin-angiotensin ndi awa:
- Renin
- Angiotensin I
- Angiotensin II
- Angiotensin Kutembenuza Enzyme (ACE)
Pamene kuthamanga kwa magazi kukugwera pazifukwa zilizonse, maselo apadera a impso amadziwa kusintha ndikumasula nsomba m'magazi. Renin payekha sikukhudza kwenikweni kuthamanga kwa magazi . M'malo mwake, zimayandama ndikusintha mtundu wa angiotensin mu angiotensin I. Njira zoterezi za angiotensin, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chiwindi, sizikhoza kusintha kusintha kwa magazi mpaka renin imawasintha kukhala angiotensin I.
Angiotensin ndimatha kusintha kusintha kwa magazi pang'onopang'ono, koma sichikhoza mokwanira kusintha zinthu zazikulu.
M'malo mwake, ambiri angiotensin Ine ndikutembenuzidwa kukhala angiotensin II, hormoni yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe imayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa magazi. Kutembenuka kwachiwiri kumeneku kumachitika makamaka m'mapapu kudzera mu molekyu wina wotchedwa angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). (Kutembenuka kumeneku kungatsekezedwe ndi mankhwala omwe amatchedwa ACE Inhibitors, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri a mankhwala a mtima wapamwamba .)
Angiotensin II ndi hormone yolimba ndipo ingathe kuchita mwachindunji pa mitsempha ya magazi kuti iwonjezere kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ili ndi ntchito ina yofunikira komanso ikulimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa aldosterone. Aldosterone ndi amphamvu kwambiri ya vasoconstrictor yomwe imayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi koma ndi kofunika kwambiri chifukwa ingasinthe ntchito yoyamba kusefukira kwa impso. Aldosterone amachititsa impso kuti zisunge mchere ndi madzi, zomwe zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi m'thupi. Kuwonjezeka kumeneko kumabweretsa kukakamizidwa kwa magazi.
Patapita kanthawi, angiotensin I, angiotensin II, ndi aldosterone zathyoledwa mamolekyu ena. Mphamvu ya renin-angiotensin, yonse, imayankha kusintha kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kwa nthawi yaitali mukuthamanga kwa magazi. Amachotsedwa mwadzidzidzi kuthamanga kwa magazi, monga zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pa kutayika kwa magazi, komanso zimakhudzidwa ndi kuchepa kwa magazi.
Monga nthawi yayitali yothandizira kuthamanga kwa magazi, mawonekedwe a renin-angiotensin amakhala ndi kayendedwe kamodzi ka ntchito, ndipo amagwira ntchito mofanana ndi gasi. Nthawi zambiri kuyimitsa gasi kumafunika kuti galimoto ipitirire patsogolo, ngakhale pamene mukufuna kupita mofulumira.
Ngati mukufuna, komabe mungathe kukanikiza pansi pang'onopang'ono kuti muthamangire mwamsanga. Chimodzimodzinso, kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse m'mayininototini kumapangitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi kukhale kwanthawi yaitali, koma kuphulika kwadzidzidzi kumatheka ngati kuyankhidwa mwamsanga kumafunika.
N'chifukwa Chiyani Mankhwala a Renin-Angiotensin Ndi ofunika Kwambiri Kukumana ndi Magazi Aakulu?
Mapepala a sayansi, mafotokozedwe a msonkhano, komanso mabuku onse olembedwa alembedwa za kufunika kwa malonda a anginototin a magazi. Ili ndilo gawo lalikulu lafukufuku omwe akutsatiridwa ndi asayansi ena apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse.
Mankhwala a renin-angiotensin amamvetsera kwambiri chifukwa amadziwika kukhala chinthu chofunikira chomwe chingatithandize kumvetsetsa:
- Chifukwa chake anthu amayamba kuthamanga kwa magazi
- Chifukwa chake anthu ena samayankha bwino kuchipatala
- Chifukwa chake anthu ena omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi amakhala ndi mavuto ambiri kuposa ena
Mwachitsanzo, odwala a ku Africa ndi America omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi nthawi zambiri samayankha bwino ACE poletsa mankhwala ena. Izi zikutheka chifukwa chakuti anthu a ku Africa-America ali ndi ntchito yosiyana mu machitidwe awo a renin-angiotensin, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osamvetsetsa kwa mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito potseka dongosolo.
Mankhwala othandizira kwambiri a m'magazi amapangidwa mwatsatanetsatane chifukwa cha kumvetsa kwathu za njira ya renin-angiotensin. Kuphatikizana ndi ACE inhibitors, zomwe zimaletsa kutembenuka kwa angiotensin Ine ndi angiotensin II, mankhwala ena amagwira ntchito pokonzekera mbali zosiyanasiyana za dongosolo. Mwachitsanzo, Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) , amapewa angiotensin Ine ndi angiotensin II kuchokera kumangirira ku mitsempha ya magazi ndi kuchititsa vasoconstriction.
Ngakhale kuti ndondomeko ya renin-angiotensin ikudziwikabe, kumvetsetsa kwathu kwa njira yofunikirayi yakhazikitsidwa kale kwachititsa kuti pakhale njira zamakono zothandizira kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kumvetsetsa bwino momwe angayendetsere kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa nthawi yaitali.