Momwe Zomwe Zakhudzira Zake Ziliri Zomwe Zimamveka Lerolino
Malinga ndi Nicoli Nattrass, mlembi wa The AIDS Conspiracy: Science Fights Back , omwe amakhulupirira za AIDS akhoza kukhala ndi maudindo anayi:
- "Asayansi a shuga" - madokotala kapena asayansi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zilizonse za sayansi zomwe zingafunikire kupanga patina yolondola pa kafukufuku wosavomerezeka.
- "Oimba olemekezeka" - omwe akulimbikitsana chifukwa cha kukana kwa anthu, makamaka pomanga nkhani yowonetsera.
- "Zamoyo" - anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV omwe amapereka "umboni wamoyo" kuti njira yowonjezera imakhala yamoyo.
- "Cultropreneurs" - omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chiwembu monga njira yowonetsera njira yothetsera mankhwala kapena phindu la malonda.
Mndandanda wa anthu asanu omwe akutsutsa Edzi akuimira mbali zosiyanasiyana zapaderazi. Iwo amawerengedwa osati zokhudzana ndi chikoka chomwe anali nawo panthawi inayake mu mbiri ya HIV koma pamakhudzidwa ndi mauthenga awo kapena zochita zawo lero.
Chitani UP / San Francisco
ACT UP (AIDS Coalition kwa Unleash Power) ndi gulu lachidziwitso la AIDS lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi wolemba masewera Larry Kramer mu 1987. Ngakhale kuti bungweli linayesedwa chifukwa cha kusintha kwabwino kwa kafukufuku wamakono ndi chithandizo chaumoyo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV, ACT UP / Chaputala cha San Francisco chinapanga zosiyana kwambiri-kutsutsana ndi HIV monga chifukwa cha AIDS, ndipo mwachidwi kuchoka ku gulu la makolo mu 2000.
Ngakhale zifukwa zawo zinkakhala ndi ufulu wanyama, kumasuka kwa amuna okhaokha, zamasamba komanso kukwezedwa kwa mankhwala osuta, kawirikawiri zifukwa zawo zinkakhazikitsidwa ngati zowonongeka pakati pa umbombo ndi kuwonongeka kwa anthu. Malingana ndi webusaiti ya gululi:
"Chowonadi n'chakuti anthu sali kufa ndi Edzi. Anthu akudwala komanso kufa ndi ... zochitika za moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku m'kulambira kwathu koopsa, kutentha ubweya, ozoni, kutaya ndalama, anthu ogulitsa ."
Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha amembala chinawonjezeka m'zaka zapitazi, awo omwe amatsutsana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwawo adathandizidwa kuchokera kwa anthu omwe amadziyesa kuti ndi omwe amachititsa kuti aimbire Chrissie Hynde (yemwe anapereka ndalama zokwana madola 5,000) komanso anthu a Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). kutsutsa zoyezetsa zinyama.
Iwo anali, mwinamwake, chikhalidwe chosabalalitsa, chosasokonezeka cha ntchito ya gulu yomwe inawalola iwo kuti asiye thandizo kuchokera kwa iwo omwe mwina akanapanda kukayikira zikhulupiriro zawo zotsutsa. Mtsogoleri wa ACT UP / SF, David Pasquarelli, anamwalira mu 2004 ali ndi zaka 36 kuchokera ku zovuta za HIV, pomwe pompano Michael Bellefontaine anamwalira mu 2007 ali ndi zaka 41 za matenda osadziwika.
Matthias Rath
Matthias Rath wobadwa ku Germany, yemwe amadziwika bwino ndi vitamini magnate komanso mkulu wa Dr. Rath Research Institute ku California, anapanga mitu ya mayiko padziko lonse pamene amati mavitamini (omwe amachititsa kuti akhale "mankhwala apakompyuta") akhoza kuthandizira kuti apeze kachilombo koyambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana Mankhwala osokoneza bongo (ARVs) anali oopsa komanso oopsa.
Pakati pa mliri wa AIDS ku South Africa mu 2005, bungwe la Rath linagawira timabuku masauzande zikwi zikwi zikwi makumi asanu ndi awiri kumalo osauka akuda kuti anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV adye ma ARV awo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mavitamini m'malo mwake.
Posakhalitsa, Rath anatengedwera ku khoti kuti akachite mavitamini ovomerezeka (omwe anthu ambiri adauzidwa kuti adamwalira) ndipo analetsedwa kuti asindikize malonda ena opititsa patsogolo ntchito zake kapena kupitiliza kufufuza ku South Africa.
Akuluakulu a zachipatala ku South Africa, Manto Tshabalala-Msimang komanso a Medicines Control Council, adatchulidwanso kuti amatsutsana ndi zomwe Rath ananena.
Christine Maggiore
Amayi Maggiore ankaonedwa ndi anthu ambiri kuti ndiwo mwana wa chiopsezo cha Edzi. Woyambitsa bungwe, Alive & Well AIDS Alternatives, Maggiore analimbikitsa maganizo kuti HIV siyambitsa chifukwa cha AIDS ndipo amalangiza amayi omwe ali ndi HIV kuti asatenge ma ARV.
Maggiore anapezeka ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV mu 1992. Pamene adayamba kugwira ntchito yodzipereka ndi othandiza odwala HIV monga AIDS Project Los Angeles ndi Akazi Oopsya, adakumana ndi Peter Duesberg yemwe anali ndi AIDS kuti adayambe kukayikira kuti ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV. sayansi. Mayiyo adatulutsa kachilombo ka HIV patangopita nthawi yocheperapo kachilombo ka HIV pamene adatenga mimba ndikuyamwitsa mwana wake Eliza Jane ponena kuti kachilombo ka HIV kanali kosavulaza.
Cholinga chake chinali chakuti Maggiore ndi wolimbikira boma ndipo boma la South Africa linamuuza kuti awonetsedwe pa msonkhano wa International AIDS ku 2000. Msonkhano wake ndi Pulezidenti Thabo Mbeki adanenedwa kuti adakhudzidwa ndi chisankho chake choletsa ndalama ku kafukufuku wamankhwala pa amayi omwe ali ndi HIV omwe ali ndi HIV.
Pambuyo pa mphamvu ya Maggiore kupeza chithandizo kuchokera kwa iwo omwe amamuwona ngati chitsimikizo cha chiyembekezo, iye amapezeka kawirikawiri-ndipo nthawi zina amamvetsera nkhani zowonongeka kuchokera kwa iwo omwe anafunsa ngati akanadzipha yekha chifukwa cha chifukwa, ngakhale thanzi lake linayamba kulephera. (Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Zackie Achmat, yemwe anali wofuna kulandira kachilombo ka HIV, adakopeka ndi mayiko onse chifukwa chokana kumwa ma ARV mpaka boma la South Africa linagwirizana kulengeza mankhwalawa kwa anthu ambiri.)
Pakati pa a Maggiore omwe anali kumbali yake anali a gulu la rock, Foo Fighters, omwe adamukonzera msonkhano wothandizira mu 2001 (chikhalidwe chomwe adachokera pa webusaiti yawo). Eliza Jane anamwalira ali ndi zaka zitatu za pneumocystis chibayo . Maggiore anamwalira mu 2008 ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu (58) za matenda ake a herpes ndi ma chibayo ( bilateral pneumonia) .
Dr. Peter Duesberg
Peter Duesberg makamaka amalingaliridwa kuti ndi bambo wa gulu la anthu osagwirizana ndi Edzi. Atabadwa mu 1936 ku Germany, Duesberg adakondwera kwambiri ntchito yake yoyambirira chifukwa cha kafukufuku wake wokhudza tizilombo toyambitsa khansa ndipo mwamsanga anadziwika kwambiri, potsirizira pake anapatsidwa mwayi wokhala ndi zaka 36 kuchokera ku yunivesite ya California, ku Berkeley.
Komabe, poyambitsa mliri wa AIDS mu 1987, Duesberg anakhala chiyambi cha mkangano wa sayansi mwa kuganiza kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga alkyl nitrates (omwe amadziwikanso kuti "poppers") ndiwo omwe amachititsa AIDS komanso kuti HIV mwiniyo siidapweteka. Pambuyo pake adaphatikizapo ma ARV kuti akhale othandizira matendawa.
Ngakhale kuti Duesberg anatha kupeza zothandizira m'masiku oyambirira a vutoli-kuphatikizapo katswiri wa zamoyo za Nobel Prize Kary Banks Mullis (yemwe anali wolemekezeka, wodabwitsa, chifukwa cha ntchito yake pa luso la PCR) Pulezidenti wa ku South Africa Thabo Mbeki kuti mphamvu ya Duesberg inalidi yomveka.
M'chaka cha 2000, Duesberg adayitanidwa (pamodzi ndi Harvey Bialy, a David Rasnick, Robert Giraldo, Sam Mhlongo, ndi Etienne de Harven) omwe adakali nawo limodzi, kuti adzikhala ku Mbeki Advisory Panel pa HIV ndi Edzi, tank yomwe inachititsa kuti Mbeki adziwe kuti "Zinkawoneka kuti sitingaimbe chilichonse pa kachilombo kamodzi."
Mbeki adakayikira za HIV-ngakhale kulimbikira kwake kugwiritsa ntchito "HIV ndi Edzi" kuti apatule ziwirizi - zinayesedwa chifukwa chachikulu chomwe anachotsera ntchito mu 2008. Poyankha udindo wa Duesberg ku South Africa, Max Essex wa Harvard School wa zaumoyo, adakayikira ngati Duesberg inali chabe "kusokoneza kwasayansi" kapena "kuchititsa kupha anthu ambiri" chifukwa cha imfa zomwe zinayambitsa zaka za boma. Duesberg akupitiriza kufalitsa ziphunzitso zake zosatsutsika, posachedwapa mu December 2011 nkhani ya Italy yomwe inakonzedwa ndi anzanu Journal of Anatomy ndi Embryology.
Pulezidenti wakale wa South Africa Thabo Mbeki
Zingakhale zosavuta kunena kuti ndondomeko zotsutsa za Purezidenti wakale wa South Africa Thabo Mbeki zinayendetsedwa ndi "kuphatikiza" kophatikizana ndi ziphunzitso zogwirizana, kapena kuti "mosungunuka" ndi osokoneza omwe adawasankha.
Kuchokera m'masiku ake oyambirira monga Purezidenti wa Nelson Mandela, Mbeki adawoneka kuti akulandira mosavuta "njira za Africa" ku matendawa kuposa za "sayansi" ya "Western". Panthawi ina, izi zinaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otchuka omwe amatchedwa Virodene, omwe anayesedwa mosaloleka kwa anthu ku South Africa ndi Tanzania.
Muzinthu zambiri za Mbeki pazokambirana za HIV, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kutsutsana ndi chikoloniya kapena malingaliro akuti HIV ndiyo njira yomwe "Kumadzulo" amatha kugwiritsira ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kupondereza anthu a ku Africa.
M'magazini yofalitsidwa ndi mtolankhani Mark Gevisser, Mbeki akuti anayerekezera AIDS ndi asayansi ku ndende yozunzirako anthu ya Nazi ndi madokotala ndi anthu akuda omwe adalandira zachipatala za AIDS ngati "odzimva okha" chifukwa cha malingaliro a akapolo. Povomereza chisankho chake choletsa kugawa kwa ma ARV kwa anthu onse, Mbeki nayenso anati:
"Ndimasokonezeka ndi kutsimikiza kwa anthu ambiri m'dziko lathu kupereka zopanda nzeru zonse kuti azichita malonda a kampani imodzi ya mankhwala."
Chifukwa chakuti adakali wosadandaula pamene akufalikira akufa, ambiri adatsimikiza kuti kukana kwa Edzi kumangogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro a ndale a Mbeki, kumulola kuti agwirizane ndi ndondomeko zolakwika ndi akatswiri a "azungu" akumadzulo.
Kuchokera pamene Mbeki anachotsedwa ntchito mu 2008, pakhala kusintha kwakukulu ku South Africa , komwe lero ikugwira ntchito yaikulu kwambiri ya ARV padziko lonse lapansi. Koma molingana ndi kafukufuku wa Harvard University, kuchedwa kuchepetsa kuyankhidwa kumeneku kunachititsa kuti anthu opitirira 340,000 amwalire, kufala kwa 170,000, ndi ana 35,000 obadwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa zaka za 1999 ndi 2007. Komabe Mbeki adakali wosamvetsetseka, akukamba nkhani ya Newsweek. March 2016:
"Chifukwa chiyani boma la South Africa ... likuyembekezeredwa kuika patsogolo pachisanu ndi chinayi chitsogozo cha imfa monga choyenera kuchitapo kanthu mofulumira komanso kofunika zoyamba zisanu ndi zitatu zoyambitsa imfa, ngakhale zitatengedwa pamodzi?"
> Zotsatira:
Natrass, N. "Kuthandiza AIDS: sayansi imamenyana kumbuyo." Columbia University Press, New York City. Lofalitsidwa 2012; 225 p.; ISBN: 9780231149129.
Mulwo, A .; Tomaselli, K .; ndi Francis, M. "HIV / AIDS ndi nkhani za kukana m'madera a kum'mwera kwa Sahara Africa: Yankho labwino kwambiri?" International Journal of Cultural Studies. 2012; 0 (0): 1-16.
Linzer, J. "AIDS 'Dissident' amafuna Chiwombolo ... ndi Chithandizo cha Khansa." Dziwani. May 15, 2008.
Natrass, N. "Kuwerengera zopindulitsa zomwe zinatayika pa ntchito ya mankhwala opatsirana pogonana ku South Africa." Journal of Immacular Immune Deficiency Syndrome. December 1, 2008; 49 (4): 410-415.
Gaffey, C. "Purezidenti wa ku South Africa, Thabo Mbeki, akuyambitsa ndemanga pazokambirana za HIV." Newsweek; inafalitsidwa pa intaneti pa March 8, 2016.