M'nkhani yomwe inafalitsidwa mu magazini ya February 2017 ya magazini ya Thyroid , American Thyroid Association (ATA) inapempha kuti anthu azikhala ndi mchere wadziko lonse. Mchere wa mchere wadziko lonse umatanthawuza kuti Kuwonjezera kwa ayodini kwa mchere wonse womwe cholinga chake ndi kudyedwa ndi anthu. Cholinga cha ATA popereka maitanidwe ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa zotsatira zoipa za kusowa kwa ayodini.
Iodini ndi Chithokomiro
Iodini ndi mchere wofunika kwambiri umene thupi limafuna kuti utulutse mahomoni a chithokomiro. Thupi silinayambe ayodini, choncho imayenera kuyamwa, kawirikawiri kupyolera mu zakudya zomwe zimakula mu nthaka yochuluka ya ayodini, nsomba zamadzi, kapena kudzera mumchere wa mchere.
Kulephera kwa ayodini - komanso matenda ake osowa kwambiri a iodine (IDD) -wagwirizanitsidwa ndi cretinism, vuto losasinthika lomwe limayambitsa kufooka kwakukulu ndi kutaya mtima. IDD kwenikweni ndi chifukwa cholepheretsa kusokonezeka maganizo m'mdziko. ATA yanena kuti pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya anthu padziko lonse ali pangozi ya kusowa kwa ayodini.
Kuperewera kwa ayodini kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chithokomiro (goiter), chithokomiro chochitidwa (hypothyroidism), kuperewera kwa mimba, komanso kutaya mimba, pakati pa mavuto ena ndi thanzi labwino. Zinawonetsanso pa kafukufuku kuti kusowa kwa ayodini kwa mayi pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati kungapangitse ana ake kuti asamvetse bwino komanso kuti azidziŵa bwino.
Malingana ndi mawu a ATA akuti: "Zomwe zingakhalepo panthawi yaitali komanso zomwe zingatheke kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo pa moyo wake wonse, sangawonongeke kwambiri."
Geography ya Kutaya kwa Iodine
Chakudya chimene chimakula m'madera omwe nthawi zina chimakhala ndi nyanja zimakhala ndi ma intaneti oposa-ndipo chifukwa chake, anthu omwe alibe ayodini amalephera.
Malo amtunda kapena okwera kwambiri omwe ali ndi kuchepa kwa ayodini m'nthaka zawo-ndipo amapereka mwayi wochepa wopezera chakudya-amakhala ochepa kwambiri a ayodini mu chakudya chawo ndipo ali pangozi yaikulu ya IDD.
Malingana ndi ochita kafukufuku, mayiko okhawo omwe akuoneka kuti ali ndi "zotheka kuwonjezera ayodini" akuphatikizapo United States, Canada, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, Austria, Bhutan, Peru, Panama, Macedonia, ndi Japan.
Malo omwe akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi a Central Africa ndi Asia, kumene kuli anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la ayodini, pamodzi ndi Himalayas, European Alps, andes, ndi mbali za kum'mawa kwa Ulaya. Madera ena a ku Ulaya ali ndi vuto linalake la kusowa kwa ayodini.
Mfundo za ATA Zokhudza Mchere Wonse wa Mchere
Mawu a ATA anapanga mfundo zina zingapo zokhudzana ndi mtundu wa mchere wa mchere wadziko lonse:
- Iodization ya mchere wambiri ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vuto la kusowa kwa ayodini ndi matenda osowa kwa ayodini.
- Mchere poyamba unasankhidwa ngati galimoto yowonjezera mphamvu ya ayodini chifukwa imayesedwa ndi ndalama zokwanira pafupifupi gulu lirilonse ndi gulu la anthu tsiku ndi tsiku; luso lofunikira kuti iodizedwe mchere ndi losavuta; m'madera ambiri mchere umagwirizanitsidwa m'madera ochepa, omwe amathandiza kuwunika ndi kuyendetsa; ndipo iodization yamchere ndi yotchipa.
- Pali umboni wakuti chilengedwe chonse cha mchere chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo ndi kukhazikitsidwa mwakhama kudziko lonse kuti zitheke.
- Kuwunikira-makamaka kuyang'ana pa mavitamini a ayinoni m'magulu-n'kofunika ngati njira yoonetsetsa kuti kudya kwa ayodini kumakwanira.
- Madzi osefukira amchere amathandizidwa ndi WHO, Iodine Global Network, ndi UNICEF.
Bungwe la WHO lakhala likulimbikitsa anthu kuti azikhala ndi mchere kuyambira mu 1993. Iwo anasankha mchere ngati njira yothetsera vutoli pazifukwa zikuluzikulu ziwiri:
Zilipo zambiri ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza chaka chonse, komanso chifukwa cha mtengo wochepa kwambiri wa ndalamazi - pafupifupi US $ 0.05 pa munthu pa chaka.
Malinga ndi bungwe la WHO, pafupifupi 66 peresenti ya mabanja padziko lapansi tsopano ali ndi mchere wodetsedwa, koma anthu oposa 2 biliyoni padziko lonse alibe chakudya chokwanira cha ayodini, ndipo gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a iwo ndi ana.
Kodi Kuperekedwa kwa Iodini Ndikutani?
Bungwe la World Health Organization limalimbikitsa kuti:
- 90 mcg wa ayodini tsiku ndi tsiku kwa makanda ndi ana mpaka zaka zisanu
- 120 mcg kwa ana 6 mpaka 12
- 150 mcg tsiku lililonse kwa ana ≥12 ndi akulu
- 250 mcg tsiku lililonse pa nthawi ya mimba ndi lactation
United States Institute of Medicine inalimbikitsa kuchepetsa kudya kwa ayodini tsiku ndi tsiku mofananamo:
- Mcg 90 tsiku lililonse kwa ana a zaka 1 mpaka 8
- 120 mcg kwa ana a zaka 9 mpaka 13
- 150 mcg tsiku ndi tsiku akuluakulu achichepere ndi akulu omwe sali ochepa
- 220 mcg kwa amayi apakati
- 290 mcg azimayi odyera
Ngati mumakhudzidwa ndi kudya kwa ayodini, kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu za momwe mungayesere, ndipo ngati pakufunika, kupeza njira zothetsera zosowa zanu.
> Zotsatira:
> American Thyroid Association. Kulephera kwa Iodine. http://www.thyroid.org/iodine-deficiency/
> Peyala Elizabeth N .. Chithokomiro. February 2017, 27 (2): 137-137. do: 10.1089 / thy.2016.0678.
> Vitti, P., "Matenda a kusowa kwa iodine," UptoDate. Jan 31, 2017. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/iodine-deficiency-disorders
> Bungwe la Padziko Lonse la Umoyo. "Kutaya kwa Iodine." Http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/idd/en/