Kumvetsetsa Lamulo Lanu Lamalamulo Ngati muli ndi HIV
A America ndi Disability Act (ADA) ndi lamulo la federal lovomerezedwa ndi US Congress mu 1990 kuletsa tsankho chifukwa cha zolemala za munthu. Pansi pa ADA, anthu olemala amapatsidwa chitetezo chalamulo kuntchito kuntchito, m'mabwalo a anthu ndi mautumiki, mu boma ndi m'madera a boma, komanso m'ma televizioni.
ADA imatanthauzira mwachindunji kulemala monga "kufooka kwa thupi kapena m'maganizo komwe kumachepetsa ntchito yaikulu ya moyo."
Kumvetsetsa zomwe zikutanthawuza-ndi momwe kutanthauzira kwalamulo kumakhudzira anthu onse omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV-kungathandize bwino anthu omwe amaopa tsankho kupeza thandizo lalamulo lomwe akufunikira pochepetsa zolepheretsa anthu omwe angapewe kuyesedwa ndi kusamalidwa ka HIV .
Mbiri ya ADA ndi HIV
Pamene ADA inakhazikitsidwa koyambirira, kachirombo ka HIV kankaonedwa kuti ndi matenda oopsa omwe angayambitse matenda omwe angapangitse kuti anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka asakhale olephera kapena osakhudzidwa. Pachifukwa chimenecho, kutetezedwa kwalamulo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV kunawonekera kuti ndi kosavuta komanso kosavuta.
Komabe, patapita nthawi, ngati kachilombo ka HIV kanayamba kuonedwa kuti ndi matenda osatha, pali mavuto angapo okhudza ngati HIV iyenera kukhala yolemala ngati munthuyo atakhalabe wopanda zizindikiro komanso ngati alibe mphamvu.
Funso limeneli linaperekedwa ku Khoti Lalikulu ku United States mu 1998 ku Bragdon v. Abbott , nkhani yomwe mayi wathanzi, yemwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV wotchedwa Sidney Abbott, adauzidwa ndi dokotala wake kuti adzalitse chipatala chake kuchipatala, iye anali ndi ndalama zowonjezera zachipatala iyemwini.
Pa chigamulo chotsatira cha 5-4, khotilo linagamula movomereza amayi.
Abbott, akulengeza kuti kukana kugwira ntchito mu ofesi ya mano kunasankha mwachidwi ndipo kuti, ngakhale munthu wosakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV, Abbott adakali ndi ufulu wotetezedwa pansi pa ADA.
Kuwonjezera pa zoonekeratu zomwe zimawathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi HIV, chigamulocho chinatsimikiziranso kuti "kusankhana mitundu" -modzimodzi, kusankhana kwa anthu payekha chifukwa choyanjana ndi a ADA-kunaletsedwa pansi pa lamulo.
Chigamulo cha 1998 chinapangitsa kuti anthu onse a ku America omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi, atengeke kapena ayi, komanso omwe angaoneke ngati ali ndi HIV. Chimaletsanso kusankhana ndi bizinesi iliyonse kapena munthu amene amachitira kapena akugwirizana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi HIV.
Kutetezedwa Kwalamulo Kumakhudzidwa Pansi pa ADA
ADA imapereka chitetezo chalamulo, pansi pa zikhalidwe zina, kwa anthu onse olumala. Makhalidwe ofunika a lamulo, monga akukhudzidwa ndi HIV, ndi awa:
- Ntchito : ADA imaletsa kusankhana kwa ogwira ntchito payekha ndi antchito 15 kapena zambiri. Pansi pa lamulo, munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV sangathamangitsidwe kapena kukanidwa ntchito malinga ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena kachilombo ka HIV. Wogwira ntchito sangakane kapena kusintha mopanda malipiro, zopindulitsa, kupita, maphunziro, ntchito, kapena ntchito iliyonse yokhudzana ndi ntchito chifukwa cha ntchito ya HIV.
Kuonjezerapo, malo oyenera ogona ayenera kupangidwa kuti asinthe kapena kusintha ntchito ngati chikhalidwe chokhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV chikufuna malo oterowo. Izi zingaphatikizepo nthawi yopumula kapena kusintha ndondomeko za ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali osowa chifukwa cha HIV kapena kuloledwa kwa adokotala kapena kuchoka kwadzidzidzi kwa omwe angakhale atagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo yodwala.
Wogwira ntchito saloledwa kufunafuna zambiri zokhudza ogwira ntchito (kapena ogwira ntchito) omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV kapena kufunsa mafunso okhudzana ndi kulemala. Nkhani iliyonse yokhudzana ndi kachirombo ka HIV yomwe imadziwitsidwa kwa abwana iyenera kusungidwa chinsinsi cholimba.
- Malo Odziwika Pakhomo : Malo ogona anthu onse ndi gulu lachinsinsi lomwe limatsegulidwa kwa anthu, kuphatikizapo malo monga malo odyera, maofesi a dokotala, magulu azaumoyo, malo ogulitsira malonda, malo osamalira anthu, ndi malo ena alionse omwe amalowera mosavuta.
Pansi pa ADA, kulephera kupereka mwayi kapena mwayi wofanana kwa omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena kachilombo ka HIV kumatengedwa kukhala wosankhana. Izi zingaphatikizepo kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka bizinesi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kapena kupereka ntchito zing'onozing'ono kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi HIV. Malo ogwiritsira ntchito anthu amtunduwu amaletsedwanso kuti azipangira maofesi opitirira paokha malinga ndi momwe munthu alili ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kapena kutumiza munthuyo ku bizinesi ina ngati ntchito ili pafupi ndi luso la bizinesi.
Mipingo yomwe ikukwaniritsa tanthauzo lalamulo la kampu yachinsinsi kapena yomwe ikuyenerera kusamulidwa monga bungwe lachipembedzo sichiphatikizidwa mu tanthauzo la ADA. Ngakhalenso nyumba, yomwe ili pansi pa Fair House Amendment Act ya 1988.
- Maboma a boma ndi a m'madera : ADA ikugwira bwino ntchito ku maboma, maboma, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe, mabungwe ndi mabungwe ena. Izi zimaphatikizapo sukulu zapagulu, maboma a anthu, makalata, zipatala za boma, kapena maulendo ogwira ntchito mumzinda.
Chochita Ngati Mwagonjetsedwa Ndi Tsankho
Ngati mwasankhidwa kuntchito chifukwa cha kachilombo ka HIV, funsani Komiti Yanu Yogwira Ntchito Yofanana ndi EEOC . Misonkho iyenera kuikidwa mkati mwa masiku 180 a chilangocho. Pambuyo pofufuza, EEOC ikhoza kuchitapo kanthu pofuna kukonza kulakwitsa kapena kupereka "kulondola" kalata kwa wogwira ntchitoyo. Kuti mudziwe zambiri kapena kupeza ofesi ya EEOC pafupi ndi inu, foni 800-669-4000 kapena pitani pa webusaiti ya EEOC.
Job Accommodation Network (JAN) , ntchito yoperekedwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Ntchito ya US, ikhoza kupereka malangizo kwaulere kwa olemba ntchito ndi anthu olumala pa malo ogwira ntchito kuntchito. Lembani foni 800-526-7234, kapena pitani pa webusaiti ya JAN kuti mudziwe malangizo othandizira anthu omwe ali ndi HIV.
Ngati tsankho lachitika kumalo osungirako anthu, funsani Dipatimenti Yachilungamo ya US (DOJ) pa 800-514-0301, kapena pitani ku ADA HIV / AIDS kuti mudziwe momwe mungayankhire madandaulo a DOJ.
Zotsatira:
Dipatimenti Yachilungamo ya US. "Malemba amasiku ano a American American Disabled Act Act 1990 omwe akuphatikizapo kusintha komwe kunachitika ndi ADA Amendments Act 2008." Washington, DC; zasinthidwa pa March 25, 2009.
Gostin, L. ndi Webber, D. "Chisankho Chokhudzana ndi HIV / Edzi ndi Zina: 'Kulemala' Monga Tanthauzo la Federal and State Law." Lamulo la Umoyo ndi Lamulo. Georgetown Law Faculty Publications; 2000: Paper 94: 266-329.