Kodi Ndondomeko Zotani Zingakuthandizeni Ndi Zomwe Zingakhale Zoopsa Pamene Muli ndi Khansa?
Kodi ndi majeremusi otani omwe muyenera kulandira, ndipo muyenera kupewa chiyani, pamene mukukhala ndi khansa? Ngati mukuganiza za izo kwa kanthawi, n'zosavuta kusokonezeka. Kodi muli pachiopsezo choteteza katemera kapena matenda omwe katemera angapewe? Kodi mungatani ngati mukudwala matendawa? Kodi muli pangozi ngati mwana wanu kapena mdzukulu wawo akumuwombera? Mwamwayi tili ndi uthenga wabwino kuti zisamakhale zopweteka kwambiri.
Pali zithunzithunzi zomwe muyenera kuzipewa. Pali zina zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kwambiri. Ndipo, kwa iwo omwe akudutsa mu chithandizo cha khansa, pali nthawi yabwino ndi nthawi yowonjezereka kuti mupeze ma shoti omwe akulimbikitsidwa. Tiyeni tiyang'ane nthawi yabwino kwambiri ya ma shoti komanso mayankho a mafunso omwe tawafunsidwa.
Ndiziani zomwe Katemera Oyenera Kupewa
Pa chiopsezo cholira ngati mayi, tiyeni tiyambe kulankhula za kuwombera komwe kungakhale koopsa. Pali majekeseni omwe simukuyenera kuwapeza panthawi ya chithandizo cha khansa-mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi chemotherapy, kapena ngati simunasamalire .
Kumvetsetsa izi kumathandiza kukamba za mitundu iwiri ya katemera, ndi momwe shoti zimagwirira ntchito. Mankhwala amateteza thupi kuti liwone thupi lomwe limayambitsa matenda, kotero kuti kachilomboka kapena mabakiteriya akawonekera, muli ndi asilikali okonzeka kulimbana nawo. Zingatenge kanthawi kuti zithetse chitetezo cha mthupi ngati thupi lanu silinawonepo chamoyo, kotero cholinga cha katemera ndicho kuyambitsa thupi lanu mofulumira ku matendawa.
Pali njira ziwiri za katemera zomwe zingawonetse thupi lanu kukhala chinachake chomwe chikufanana ndi matendawa.
- Kukhala moyo, koma mabakiteriya ofooka kapena mavairasi
- Anapha mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi
Katemera Wamoyo
Katemera wamoyo ali ndi kachilombo kofooka (attenuated) kapena mabakiteriya. Chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito katemera wamoyo ndikuti chimakonzekera bwino thupi-ndi zachirengedwe-muyenera kudziwidwa ndi wothandizira weniweni, ndipo katemera nthawi zambiri umakhala moyo wonse.
Ngati kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a m'magazi ndi otsika chifukwa cha chemotherapy ( chemotherapy-inachititsa neutropenia ) kapena chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chitetezedwe ndi khansa, mavairasi amoyo, ziribe kanthu momwe "kuchepa" sikulingalira bwino. Katemera wa kachilombo ka HIV ayenera kupeŵedwa panthawi ya chithandizo cha kansa ndi kuphatikizapo:
- Flumist (katemera wodwala matenda a chimfine)
- Mphuno yamlomo - jekeseni ndi nkhani yosiyana
- MMR - Zakudya / Zakudya Zam'madzi / Rubella (chimanga cha German)
- Vavivax (katemera wa nkhuku)
- Zostivax (katemera wa shingles)
- RotaTeq ndi Rotarix (katemera wa rotavirus)
- BCG (katemera wa TB)
- Katemera wa malungo
- Oral typhoid - pali katemera wodwala wodwala wodwalayo
- Adenovirus
- Nthomba
Kuyankhulana ndi Munthu Amene Analandira Zolinga Zamoyo - Pali zodetsa nkhaŵa zambiri zedi ngati anthu amene akudwala matenda a khansa ali pangozi yotsegula, kunena, mdzukulu kuti atetezedwe ndi katemera wamoyo wamoyo. Nthanoyi ndi yakuti kuyamwa kwa wodwala katemera kungayipse. Kupatula polio wamlomo ndi nthomba (ma katemera operekedwa mobwerezabwereza) omwe angakhale owopsa, izi sizinali vuto lalikulu, ndi zochitika zisanu zokha zokha zomwe zimatulutsidwa kudzera kutayika kwa miyezi 55 miliyoni.
Ndikofunika kulankhula ndi oncologist wanu za zochitika zapadera zomwe mungachite ngati okondedwa anu alandira katemera wamoyo.
Odwala katemera
Ngakhale kuti sangaike chiopsezo chotenga matenda, katemera kupatulapo chimfine (ndipo nthawi zina chibayo) nthawi zambiri amapewa nthawi ya chithandizo cha khansa, ku United States. Nthawi zambiri nkhawa zimakhala kuti katemera sungakhale wovuta kuposa chiopsezo chilichonse pose. Katemera m'gulu ili ndi awa:
- Chifuwa chojambulidwa chikuwombera
- Pneumovax ndi Prevnar (akatemera "chibayo")
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis)
- Hib
- Maningitis
- Amayi
- Cholera
- Jekeseni wamkuntho
- Tengerani tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa encephalitis
- Encephalitis ya ku Japan
Kuthamanga kwa Mvula
Kupita kuchipatala mwina mukhoza kudandaula za katemera pamene muli ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha maselo oyera, koma ganiziraninso. Zomwezo zoyera zoyera zingakuchititseni kuti mukhale ndi matenda aakulu kapena owopsya ku matenda omwe katemera ndiwopewera. Anthu ambiri amatha kulandira chimfine pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a kansa, ngakhale pali nthawi zabwino komanso mwina mawonekedwe abwino omwe ali pansipa. Ngati mukudwala khansa ndizofunikira kudziwa zomwe mungachite ngati mukudwala matenda a chimfine, komanso choti muchite ngati mukuyamba kudwala matendawa.
Kumbukirani kuti ndi matenda a chimfine, nthawi zambiri matendawa ndi omwe amachititsa mavuto ambiri. Zikuoneka kuti mu 2015 ku United States kokha anthu pafupifupi 200,000 anagonekedwa m'chipatala ndi matenda omwe anayamba ndi chimfine. Sitikudziwa ngati anthu omwe ali ndi khansara amakhala ndi chizoloŵezi chofalikira, koma tikudziwa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi khansa omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi ndi aakulu.
Katemera wa chimfine angaperekedwe mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Katemera 4 omwe alipo tsopano kuti athetse chifuwa ndi awa:
- Flumist - Monga taonera pamwambapa, katemera wa mphutsi ayenera kupewedwa pa nthawi ya chithandizo cha khansa chifukwa ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda.
- Chimfine chawombera
- Kutsegula kwa chimfine
- Mphungu-Mlengalenga
Chimfine chimene chinapangika, chomwe chinaperekedwa pansi pa khungu ndi singano yaing'ono, chinavomerezedwa mu 2011 kwa anthu achikulire omwe ali ndi zaka 18 mpaka 64. Chifukwa chapangidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, sizingakhale bwino kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa . Malinga ndi maphunziro mpaka lero, chithandizo chabwino kwambiri chikhoza kukhala chiwopsezo chachikulu cha mlingo wa mphutsi chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu achikulire omwe ali ndi ma chitetezo cha chitetezo cha thupi omwe sagwira ntchito komanso achinyamata. Mufukufuku, anapeza kuti chiwopsezo cha seroconversion-katemera chomwe chimayambitsa mapangidwe a antibodies-chinali bwino ndi katemera wa mlingo waukulu, koma katemera woteteza-katemera woteteza anthu ku matenda-anali ofanana ndi chifuwa cha chikhalidwe. Popeza ili ndi gawo lochita kafukufuku, ndi kofunika kuti muyankhule ndi dokotala wanu za malangizo pa nthawi ino.
Nthawi Yowombera Flu
Zimandivuta kunena za nthawi yabwino ya chifuwa chokhudzana ndi khansa pamene aliyense ali wosiyana ndipo pali mitundu yambiri. Lankhulani ndi oncologist wanu za zomwe ziri zabwino kwa inu. Kawirikawiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti ma shotiwa aperekedwe panthawi yomwe magazi anu amawerengera ayenera kukhala apamwamba kwambiri, ndipo izi zingasinthe malinga ndi mankhwala enaake omwe mumalandira.
Monga tanena kale, pali mitundu 2 yomwe ndi yofunikira kuganizira. Imodzi ndiyo ngozi ya kudwala ndi kuwombera. Zina ndizo pamene chitetezo chanu cha mthupi sichitha kugwira ntchito bwino, katemera sungathe kukhazikitsa chitetezo.
Kwa anthu amene amapatsidwa steroid (yekha ndi mankhwala enaake), pangakhale chiopsezo chowonjezeka kuchokera ku katemera wa chimfine, ndipo mwinamwake palibe phindu. Kafukufuku wina apeza kuti odwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala enaake a khansa-mwachitsanzo, rituximab, mawonekedwe a mankhwala opatsirana-sanachitepo kanthu ndi chimfine.
Kwa omwe ali ndi tsinde lopatsirana kapena fupa la mafupa, amalimbikitsidwa kuti adikire osachepera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi asanayambe kulandira katemera wa chimfine, ndipo mwinamwake nthawi yayitali.
Kufotokozera kapena Zisonyezo za Flu
Ngati mwapezeka ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi chimfine, kapena ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a chimfine , pitanani anu oncologist pomwepo. Pali mankhwala omwe angathandize kuchepa kwa chiwindi koma ayenera kuyamba mwamsanga kuti agwire ntchito. Kumbukirani kuti ngati mwadwala matenda a chimfine, mumatenga masabata awiri musanayambe kugwira ntchito yoteteza matendawa. Sikuti chiwopsezo chingakhale choopsa ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chitatsutsidwa chifukwa cha chithandizo, koma kudwala matenda a chimfine kungachititsenso kuchepetsa mankhwala.
Pneumonia Shot
Chibayo ndi chiwerengero chimodzi chomwe chimayambitsa imfa yothetsera katemera ku United States, ndipo chimodzi mwa zifukwa 10 zakufa zakufa. Kuwonjezera apo, kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi komwe kumatha kuchepetsa matenda a khansa, komanso kupewa matendawa ndikofunika kwambiri.
Pali majeremusi awiri omwe amapezeka pa chibayo:
- PPSV23 - Analangizidwa kwa akuluakulu a zaka 65 kapena kuposa
- Prevnar -PCV13 - Analangizidwa kwa ana asanakwanitse zaka ziwiri.
Malingana ndi CDC, anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ambiri omwe sanalandire katemera wa PCV13 ayenera kulandira katemera wa PCV13, motsogoleredwa ndi mankhwala ovomerezeka a chithandizo cha PPSV23. (Kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu.)
Ngati mwalandira katemera wa PPSV23 koma osati katemera wa PCV13 muyenera kulandira katemera wa PCV13, mutsogoleredwa ndi PPSV23.
Nthawi ya Chifuwa cha Pneumonia
Chodetsa nkhaŵa, monga momwe chimfine chimagwiritsira ntchito nthawi, pamene katemera sagwira ntchito kwambiri mwa anthu omwe amatha kupyolera mu mankhwala a chemotherapy. Malingana ndi buku lina, nthawi yabwino ndi masabata awiri musanayambe mankhwala a chemotherapy, ndipo mwinamwake patatha miyezi itatu mutatha kuchiza, koma izi zikhoza kusintha mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe mumalandira. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za nthawi yabwino kuti mulandire ma katemerawa.
Zitetezo Zina
Panthawi yapadera, mungafunikire kuganizira za katemera wina wotere monga katemera wa rabies. Ngati izi zikuchitika, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kuopsa ndi zopindulitsa komanso nthawi yoyenera ndi mankhwala anu.
Matenda Opatsirana
Kuteteza matenda ndikumayamwitsa panthawi ya chithandizo cha khansa, ndipo ndibwino kukumbukira kuti pali matenda ambiri omwe tilibe katemera. Mwachisangalalo kutenga zochepa zochepetsera kungachepetse chiwopsezo chanu. Onetsetsani izi 10 zothandizira kupewa matenda .
Matenda opatsirana kuchipatala ndi MRSA
Pamene mukudwala khansa, zimathandizanso kuti muzindikire matenda opatsirana kuchipatala . Onetsetsani malangizo awa kuti muteteze matenda opatsirana kuchipatala kuti musakhale mmodzi mwa anthu 1.7 miliyoni a ku America omwe akukhudzidwa ndi matendawa chaka chilichonse. Ndipo ngati mukung'amba mutu wanu mukudabwa chifukwa chake mwafunsidwa maulendo khumi ndi awiri ngati muli ndi MRSA, phunzirani za m'mene matenda a MRSA alili .
> Zotsatira:
> Eliakim-Raz, N., Vinograd, I., Zalmanovici-Trestioreanu, A., Leibovici, L., ndi M. Paul. Katemera wa chiwindi m'magulu akuluakulu omwe ali ndi khansa. Dongosolo la Cochrane la Zosintha Zogwirizana . 2013. 10: CD008983.
> Jamshed, S., Walsh, E., Dimitroff, L., Santelli, J., ndi A. Falsey. Kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso cha katemera wa nthendayi yapamwamba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi katemera wa chiwindi ochizira mu akuluakulu odwala matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochizira matenda osapitirira zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi (65) akulandira mankhwala a mankhwala: Katemera . 2015 Dec 22. (Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza).
> Tai, L. et al. Katemera woteteza matenda a chimfine amachepetsa matenda opatsirana pambuyo poyambitsa matendawa poletsa opaleshoni yochitidwa opaleshoni m'maselo achilengedwe. Kafukufuku wa khansa yachipatala . 2013. 19 (18): 5104-15.
> Toleman, M., Herbert, K., McCarthy, N., ndi D. Church. Katemera wa chemotherapy odwala - zotsatira za kutsogolera kutsogozedwa. Thandizo Lothandiza ku Khansa . 2015 Nov 26. (Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza).
> Vinograd, I. et al. Kuchepetsa kuchipatala katemera wa chimfine pakati pa odwala khansa akuluakulu. Khansa . 2013. 119 (22): 4028-35.