Mankhwala a computed tomography (CT) ndi njira yodziwika kuti amagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za ubongo. Ngakhale zithunzizi sizingathetseretu ngati MRI scan, CT ndizosankha zofulumira komanso zotsika mtengo zomwe zimakhala bwino makamaka pozindikira mavuto aakulu monga magazi kapena zophulika mkati mwa chigaza.
Maphunziro a Neuroradiology Oyambirira
Kuti mumvetse momwe CT imagwirira ntchito, ndizofunika kuyang'ana mmbuyo pang'ono m'mbiri.
Poyamba, njira yokhayo yomwe mungatenge chithunzi cha zomwe zinali mkati mwa mutu wa munthu chinali kugwiritsa ntchito X-ray. X-rays ndi miyendo ya ma radiation yomwe imatengedwera kumbali zosiyanasiyana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mlengalenga sichimawotchera mtundu wina wa x-ray, pamene fupa limatenga zinthu zambiri. Mwa kuika filimu yotsutsana ndi magwero a x-ray, tikhoza kumvetsetsa chiwerengero cha X-ray zomwe zidalowa mkati mwa chinthucho (kwa ife, mutu), ndipo tigwiritse ntchito chidziwitsochi kuti tipeze chinachake chokhudza mtundu wa minofu ikufufuzidwa.
Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa X-rays sichidutsa mafupa akuluakulu, ochepa kwambiri a X-rays adzasewera filimuyo ngati fupa liri pakati pa chithunzi cha X ray komanso filimuyi. Pankhaniyi, filimuyi idzakhala yoyera mofanana ndi chigaza.
Momwe Scan Scan imagwirira ntchito
Masewera a computerized analengedwa kuchokera ku luso la X-ray, ndipo mfundo zambiri zimakhala zofanana. Mu CT, osati kungotenga mfuti imodzi ya wodwalayo, mzere wa X-ray ukuzunguliridwa kumutu pamagulu osiyanasiyana.
Chidziwitso cha X-ray chimapangidwa ndi makompyuta kuti apange zithunzi zosaoneka ngati ubongo utagawidwa mofanana ndi mkate. Magawo amayamba pamwamba pa ubongo ndikugwira ntchito pansi pa chigaza, kuwonetsera zida monga zofewa, madzi, fupa, ndi mpweya.
Monga chikhalidwe cha X-ray, nyumba zowonjezera zimawoneka zowala kwambiri pa CT scan ndipo zimatchedwa kuti hyperdensities. Malo amdima, mosiyana, amatchedwa hypodensities. Mwachitsanzo, fupa limaoneka loyera kwambiri pa CT scan, ndipo cerebrospinal fluid imaoneka mdima. Ubongo umapezeka mumithunzi ya imvi.
Zomwe Zimakhala Zovuta Kwambiri pa Kujambula Kanthu
CT scan ingathe kuzindikira mavuto angapo m'magazi.
- Mankhwala a CT amadzimadzi ndi othandiza makamaka pozindikira magazi omwe si ake. Kutaya magazi mwatsopano kumangoyamba nthawi yomweyo, kumakhala kolimba komanso kotentha kwambiri pa CT scans. Pambuyo pake, chovalacho chimasweka ndi thupi, kukhala owerengeka mofanana ndi ubongo pambuyo pa sabata limodzi, ndikuwoneka mdima pambuyo pa masabata awiri kapena atatu.
- Sitiroko ya Ischemic Kusiyana ndi kuchepa kwa magazi, zikwapu zamaschemic, sizimapezeka nthawi yomweyo pa CT scan. Pambuyo maola atatu, zizindikiro zowonongeka zimatha kuyamikiridwa ndi owerenga odziwa ntchito za CT, ndipo pambuyo pa maola 6 mpaka 12, chidziwitso chodziwika bwino chimakhala chowonekera pambali ya stroke. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvuyi kudzakhala kofiira ndi nthawi pamene minofu ya ubongo imatsitsidwanso ndikusinthidwa ndi cerebrospinal fluid .
- Ziphuphu zimakhala zosiyana pa CT scan malinga ndi mtundu wa chithokomiro komanso momwe khansa yapitirira kale. Matenda ena ali ndi calcification omwe amawala kwambiri, ndipo ena amapanga hypodense, makoswe odzaza madzi. Dye yosakanikirana yosiyanasiyana ingakhale yopindulitsa pozindikira ziphuphu pa scan scan.
- Kuperewera kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chitetezo cha mthupi monga njira yowisindikizira ku thupi lonse. Amadzimadzi amaoneka ngati ozungulira, ndipo mosiyana, mzere wa derawo ukhoza kuwonekera ngati ukuwala.
- Misa ya Misa Pamene vuto limayambitsa kumbuyo kwa ubongo, limatha kusinthanitsa zinthu zofunikira, kusokoneza ubongo wa munthu. Pogwiritsa ntchito CT, zotsatirazi zimakhala zooneka ngati zowonongeka monga zintchito zam'mimba kapena sulci.
Mapulogalamu Ambiri Okhudza Mitsempha Yambiri ya CT Scans
Kuyeza kwa CT kungaphatikizidwe ndi njira zosiyanasiyana kuti mufufuze bwino mbali zina za dongosolo lamanjenje.
Mwachitsanzo, kuti mupeze chithunzi chabwino cha mitsempha ya m'mitsempha mu ubongo, CT angiogram ikhoza kuchitidwa. Mu phunziro ili, kusiyana kumayikidwa mu mitsempha kuti iwonetsetse zitsulo za ubongo. Izi ndi zothandiza pozindikira zowona ndi zovuta zina.
Myelogramme ya CT ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kufufuzira kachetechete kamene kali m'kati mwa msana. Kuti tichite zimenezi, dye yosiyana yodetsedwa imayikidwa mu danga ndi kutsekedwa kwa lumbar. Izi zingakhale zothandiza pofufuza mizu ya mitsempha kapena kupanikizika kwa msana.
Kafukufuku wa CT amagwiranso ntchito kupatsirana mosiyana ndi mitsempha, koma panopa, kusiyana kumeneku kumatsatiridwa mu nthawi yeniyeni pamene ikuyenda m'matumbo a ubongo. Imeneyi ndi njira yomwe nthawi zina imagwiritsira ntchito kufufuza zitsulo zamagazi asanayambe kupweteka kwambiri.
Kuchitidwa bwino, CT amawunikira angakhale ofunika pofufuza za matenda a ubongo, makamaka mu zochitika zosavuta.
Zotsatira:
Blumenfeld H, Neuroanatomy kupyolera m'zipatala. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002.
Robert I. Grossman ndi David M. Yousem. Neuroradiology: The Requisites 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2003.