Monga chikondi ndi chikwati, komanso ngati mafuta a kirimba ndi odzola, zombi ndi ubongo zimayenda pamodzi. Aliyense amene amachita zithunzi zosapitirira zombie impression ayenera kuphatikizapo kubuula mawu, "braaaaaiiiiinns." Koma bwanji Zombies zimalakalaka ubongo momwe amachitira? Ndipo nchiyani chomwe chikuchitika mu ubongo wa Zombies?
Ofufuza Bradley Voytek, Ph.D., ndi Tim Verstynen, Ph.D., ali m'gulu la Zombie Research Society, gulu lodzichepetsa lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito njira yeniyeni yeniyeni kuti imveke zombie ubongo ubongo.
Iwo amayandikira ubongo wa zombie monga momwe matenda a m'maganizo amayendera wodwala aliyense: mwa kuzindikira zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro, ndikuwunikira kuti ndi zinthu ziti za ubongo zomwe ziyenera kuwonongeka kuti zithetse mavuto amenewa.
Monga momwe ochita kafukufuku amafotokozera momveka bwino, ndipo ndikubwerezanso pano, zochitikazi sizinapangidwe m'njira iliyonse kuti zichepetse zizindikiro za omwe akudwala matenda a ubongo, kapena kutcha odwala matendawa "zombie-like". Mmalo mwake, ndi khama kulimbikitsa kuganizira za matendawa, ndikuwunikira kumvetsetsa mavuto omwe akukumana nawo.
Zizindikiro mu Zombies za Ubongo
Dr. Voytek ndi Dr. Verstynen adasonkhanitsa zizindikiro zomwe Zombizi zimakhala nazo mu matenda omwe amatchedwa chidziwitso-kuchepa kwa matenda osokoneza bongo (CDHD). Zizindikiro za matendawa, komanso kufotokoza momveka bwino, kuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
1) Kukopa-Kuchita Zowonongeka
Kodi munayamba mwawonapo zombie yosangalala?
Ayi, zombizi m'mafilimu nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndipo mwina nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi mtundu womwewo wa mkwiyo wamantha, wosasinthasintha. Cholinga cha correx ndi chigawo cha ubongo chomwe chimayendetsa nkhawa, ndipo maphunziro ena a achigawenga achiwawa asonyeza kusayenerera kwa dera lino. Nkhani yodziwikiratu ya Phineas Gage inagwirizana ndi munthu wina wofatsa yemwe anavutika ndi ngozi kuderali ndipo anayamba kukhala wonyansa komanso wonyansa.
Mwinamwake zombizi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zofanana zokhudzana ndi matendawa.
2) Kuyenda Kwambiri
Ngakhale kuti nthawi zina amatchedwa "oyenda akufa," zombizi siziyenda mochuluka kwambiri ngati zimagwiritsa ntchito matabwa. Zombidi si chithunzi cha chisomo. Kuyenda kwa zombie kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi galimoto ya axicon yomwe imatha kuonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa cerebellum, kamangidwe ka kolifulawa kumbuyo kwa ubongo. Nanga bwanji za Zombies zofulumira, monga zikuwonetsedwa mu filimu 28 Patapita masiku ? Mu zombie ya mtundu uwu, cerebellum imakhala yovuta kwambiri.
3) Kutayika kwa nthawi yaitali
Kawirikawiri zombizi zimasokonezedwa mosavuta. Zikuoneka kuti zombizi zili ndi anterograde amnesia. Matendawa amawonetsedwa mufilimu ya Memento ndipo adakumana ndi wodwala wotchedwa HM pambuyo pa opaleshoni yake yonseyi atachotsedwa opaleshoni m'ma 1950, pofuna kuyesa kufooka kwake. Zotsatira zake zinali zosatheka kukumbukira chirichonse kwa mphindi zingapo pa nthawi. Kulephera kwa vitamini kotere kungayambitse matenda a Wernicke-Korsakoff, omwe amadziwika ngati akumbukira kukumbukira.
4) Kutaya kwa Zinenero
Zombies sizitulutsa zabwino. Ndibwino kuti adziwe, "ubongo." Komanso, zombizi sizikuwoneka kuti zimamveka malamulo monga "kuima" kapena "ayi." Katswiri wa zamagulu anganene kuti zombizi zimakhala ndi apasia omwe amamveka bwino komanso omveka, kutanthauza kuti sangathe kutulutsa kapena kumvetsa chinenero.
Izi zikuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa dziko lonse lapansi (mbali ya kumanzere kwa anthu oposa 90 peresenti), kuphatikizapo dera la Wernicke kuti likhale lapafupi komanso la Broca kuti liwonetsere apasia.
5) Kudzipweteka Kwambiri / Kwina
Kodi zimatheka bwanji kuti zombizi zisamazindikire anthu omwe anali pafupi nawo? M'malo mwake, mnzawo wakale tsopano akuwoneka ngati chakudya chamasana. Mwinamwake zombizi ndizopusitsa: amakhulupirira mosakayikira chinachake chimene sichiri choona. Chitsanzo ndi Capgras delusion, momwe munthu wodziwika amakhulupirira kuti wasinthidwa ndi munthu wonyenga. Mwinamwake zombizi ziri ndi zofanana zomwe zimawalola kuti awone mawonekedwe aumunthu, koma samadziwa kuti thupi limenelo ndilo munthu yemwe anali pafupi nawo.
6) Kutenga Kwachisawawa Kwambiri
Ziribe kanthu zomwe mumaponya pa zombie, zombie ikungobwera. Ziribe kanthu ngati zombie yadulidwa, kutaya mkono, ndi kuyatsa moto-idzapitiriza kubwera. Kodi amachita bwanji zimenezi?
Mwinamwake Zombies sichimamvetsa ululu. Nthenda yotchedwa neuroanatomy ya ululu ndi yovuta, koma imaphatikizapo chikhotecho chomwe chimaphatikizapo phokoso loperewera, dera lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi zochitika zonse zakuthupi. Zigawo monga monga insula ndi makina othandizirana amagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro oipa pofuna kupweteka. Popeza kuti zombizi sizikuwoneka kuti zimakhudzidwa ndi ululu wawo, Dr Voytek ndi Dr. Verstynen adanena kuti ndi njira yachiwiri yomwe imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda a zombie. Zombies ndiye amatha kumva ululu, koma samangoganizira za izo.
7) Kupusitsa-Kusamalidwa
Zombies ali ndi chizolowezi chokonzekera. Pamene akuthamangitsani, iwo sadziwa chilichonse. Ngati chinachake chingawonongeke-monga zowonongeka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku George Romero's Land of the Dead- mumakhala otetezeka kwa kanthaŵi, popeza kuti zombizi zimawoneka kuti zikuiwalika kuti mulipo. Kulephera kumvetsera zinthu zambiri kuposa nthawi imodzi kungatheke ndi kuvulala kwa phalatali lobe. Mwinanso, kusokonezeka kwa mgwirizano wapakati pakati pa lobes izi kungayambitse kulumala uku.
8) Thupi lachilombo
Zombie chosowa cha thupi la munthu ndi chikhumbo chosasinthika. Zombie idzayenda kudzera mu moto, madzi, ndi kuzizira kosayembekezereka, mwendo woopsya ndi zomwe-kudutsa-moyo-zonse kuti zidyetse njala yake yosadziŵika. Makhalidwe amenewa ali ofanana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe akufunikira kuti alandire njira yotsatira, ndipo mwina akuphatikizapo njira zomwezo mu ubongo. Maselo otulutsa dopamine amatumiza nthambi zomwe zimachokera mkatikatikati ndikuyenda kupita ku nucleus accumbens kutsogolo kwa ubongo. Njirayi imakhalanso yowonongeka pachiyambi cha chikondi cha chikondi .
9) Njala yosasunthika
Zombies amakonda kudya. Ndipotu, ziribe kanthu kuti abwenzi anu kapena abambo anu amatha kudya kale, nthawizonse zikuwoneka kuti muli nawo malo. Izi zingabwere chifukwa cha vuto la hypothalamus, gawo la ubongo lomwe limayendetsa magalimoto oyambirira monga njala, ludzu, kutentha kwa kutentha, ndi kugona. Phokoso lachisokonezo la hypothalamus controls satiety, kumverera kokwanira ndikokwanira. Ngati makonzedwe amenewa adawonongeka, zombie sizidzamvekanso. Kufotokozera kwina kuli kosavuta kwa nthawi. Kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yoyenera yachinyengo, makamaka, kumawoneka kuti ikugwirizana ndi chizolowezi chodyera.
Potsirizira pake, ubongo wa zombie ukhoza kusoweka mbali zambiri za ubongo zomwe zimadziwika ngati malo ogwirizana-ndiko, zigawo zomwe timagwiritsira ntchito malingaliro apamwamba palimodzi. Mwachidziwitso, izi ndi zigawo zomwe zimathandiza kuti tidziwitse zaumunthu. Zambiri mwa zochitikazo ndi mbali ya dera la Papez-neuronal lomwe laperekedwa zaka zoposa 75 zapitazo ndipo amaganiza kuti limakhudzidwa ndi kukhudzidwa ndi kukumbukira. Zingatheke kuti wodwala opatsirana, monga kachilombo kapena prion yomwe imafalikira kudera lino, akhoza kubweretsa matenda ambiri ngati CDHD.
Dr. Voytek ndi Verstynen sio okhawo ofufuza omwe amasangalatsidwa momwe zombie ubongo zimagwirira ntchito. Ena, monga Dr. Steven C. Schlozman ku yunivesite ya Harvard, adalembanso pa mutuwo, ndipo amavomereza kuti chiwonongeko choyambirira ndi chojambulidwacho chikhoza kuwonongeka. Dr. Schlozman amasankha mawu akuti Ataxic Neurodegenerative Satiety Deficiency Syndrome (ANSD). Kaya mumatcha ANSD, CDHD, kapena zombism, mfundo ndi yakuti ngakhale kuti matendawa sangachitike, sizingatheke. Ngati mbali zina za ubongo ziyenera kuwonongeka-mwinamwake ndi wodwala wodwalayo monga kachilombo kapena prion-wozunzidwa akhoza kuchita mofanana ndi zombie zowonongeka.
Zoonadi, ichi si chinthu chofanana ndi kubweretsa akufa. Koma cholinga cha polojekitiyi ndi mtundu wina wa chitsitsimutso: cholinga cha Zombie Research Society ndi kulumikiza moyo mu phunziro lomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira molakwika ndi imfa yonyansa, ndipo potero amatsitsimutsa chidwi cha neuroscience kudzera mu ubongo wa m'mudzi -kunena kuti muli ndi zosangalatsa zambiri za chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Zotsatira :
AH Ropper, Samuels MA. Adams ndi Victor's Principles of Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.
Hal Blumenfeld, Neuroanatomy Kupyolera M'zipatala. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002
M. Sollberger, K. Rankin, B. Miller (2010). Kusamalidwa kwa anthu. Kupitiriza Kuphunzira Kwambiri kwa Neurol, 16 (4), 69-85