Aphasia ndi vuto lachilankhulo limene limapezeka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo amodzi kapena ambiri m'maganizo. Pali malo ambiri olankhula mu ubongo, ndipo malo enieni omwe amawonongeka ndi stroke amachititsa kuti asalankhulidwe. Mbali za ubongo zimapezeka ku dziko lonse lapansi, lomwe ndi theka la ubongo lomwe likuyang'anizana ndi dzanja lanu lamphamvu.
Mitundu yotchedwa Transcortical aphasia ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yochepa kwambiri ya afesiya. Mitundu yowonjezereka komanso yodziwika bwino ya afesiya, Broca's aphasia ndi Wernicke yaphasia, imachokera ku kuvulala kumadera omwe amalankhula (Broca's aphasia) kapena kumvetsetsa mawu ( Wernicke's apasia).
Zina, zomwe zimakhala zochepa kwambiri m'zinenero zingathetsenso ngati pali kuvulala kwa mitsempha yomwe imanyamula chidziwitso pakati pa Wernicke kapena Broca, kapena pakati pa malowa ndi mbali zina za ubongo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zachinsinsi, monga malingaliro, liwu la mawu, kuganiza ndi nkhope.
Aphasias transcortical akuphatikizapo mitundu ya aphasias yomwe imapangidwa ndi kuvulala kapena kuchokera kuzinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zilankhulidwe za ubongo. Pali mitundu itatu yambiri ya apastiki yoperewera:
- Transcortical motorphasia
- Zosakanikirana zapadera
- Mixed transcortical aphasia
Transcortical Motor Aphasia:
Matenda a chinenerochi akufanana m'njira zambiri ndi Broca's apassia, yomwe imakhala ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limatulutsa mawu osasinthasintha. Mwachidziwikire, anthu okhala ndi transcortical motorphasia sangathe kunena zomwe akufuna kunena chifukwa sangathe kupanga mawu.
Komabe, ngati wina yemwe ali ndi Broca's aphasia akufunsidwa kubwereza chinachake, akhoza kuchita popanda zovuta.
Mwachitsanzo, munthu yemwe ali ndi Broca'sphasia angakhale ndi vuto ponena kuti "Ndikumva ludzu." Komabe, ndi kosavuta kuti wina yemwe ali ndi Broca's aphasia abwereze chiganizo "Ndikumva ludzu" ngati akufunsidwa kuchita zimenezo.
Zofewa zamtundu wa motorphasia zingapangitse mawonekedwe a mawu okayikitsa omwe amadziwika ngati telegraphic kulankhula. Transcortical motorphasia kawirikawiri imayambitsidwa ndi stroke ili pafupi ndi dera la Broca, kutsogolo kwake.
Zokambirana Zogwiritsa Ntchito Aphasia:
Anthu opulumutsidwa ndi matendawa omwe sagwirizana ndi mtundu uwu wa aphasia sangathe kumvetsa zomwe ena akunena, koma akhoza kulankhula momveka bwino. Wina wokhala ndi maganizo ovuta kufotokozera amatha kubwereza mawu kapena ziganizo zomwe amamva ena akunena, koma samatha kumvetsa zomwe mawu kapena masentensiwa amatanthauza.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati wokondedwa wanu ali ndi maganizo osiyana siyana, ndiye pamene akumva mawu akuti, "kodi muli kwanu?" iwo akhoza kubwereza gawo la funso ndi kunena "kwanu" kapena kuyankha funsoli ndi mawu omwewo "muli kwanu?" Mtundu uwu wa afesiya umayambidwa ndi kuvulala kumadera a ubongo omwe akuzungulira chilankhulo cha Wernicke, dera zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kumvetsetsa ndi kumvetsa chinenero.
Mixed Transcortical Aphasia:
Mavesi osakanikirana oterewa amachititsa chilankhulo chomwe chimadziwika ndi kusakhoza kulankhula kapena kumvetsa ena akamayankhula.
Komabe, ndi zosiyana zogwirizana ndi apassia, kawirikawiri zimatha kubwereza mawu kapena ziganizo ndikuimba nyimbo zomwe zimadziwika bwino.
M'madera oterewa a afesiya, madera akuluakulu a chinenero (Broca's ndi Werinicke) sali owonongeka, koma madera omwe akuzungulira, omwe amadziwikanso ngati olankhula chinenero, amavulala. Zikuganiza kuti kuwonongeka kwa malowa ndi malo a Broca's ndi a Wernicke omwe ali kutali ndi chilankhulidwe chonse cha chinenerocho, motero amalepheretsa kupanga mawu omasuka komanso kumvetsetsa mawu olankhula ndi olembedwa. Chinthu chofala kwambiri cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yambiri yophatikizika ya apassia ndi chikwapu cha m'madzi a zilankhulo za chinenero chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mkati ya carotid stenosis.
Mawu Ochokera
Aphasia ndi chimodzi mwa zovuta zolepheretsa kukhala ndi moyo pambuyo pa kupweteka. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zofotokozera zomwe zingathe kukhazikitsidwa pambuyo pa kupwetekedwa, ndipo onse amachititsa kuti kulankhulana kuli kovuta, ndipo mwina kumakhumudwitsa munthu wopulumuka pachilonda komanso okondedwa.
Kukhala ndiphasia kumafuna kuleza mtima, monga kusamalira wopulumuka pa matenda omwe ali ndi matendawa. Pali njira zingapo zothandizira kulankhula zomwe zingathandize kuthetsa kulankhula ndi kulankhulana kuti zithandize kuthetsa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku mutatha kudwala. Onetsetsani kuti mukufotokozera nkhawa zanu za vuto lanu la kalankhulidwe kwa gulu lanu lachipatala kuti mutha kuwongolera njira yabwino yothetsera vuto lanu, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kukwaniritsa umoyo wanu wonse pamene mutachira.
> Mafotokozedwe:
> Mixed transcortical aphasia: nkhani, Rosca EC, Telefoni M, Neurol Sci. 2015 Apr; 36 (4): 663-4.