Kodi ndi Nkhani Yanji pa Njira Yowonjezera Mwamsanga kwa Autism?
Soma Mukhopadhyay ndi mayi wa Chimwenye omwe adapanga njira yophunzitsira ndikuyankhulana ndi mwana wake autistic, Tito. Amayitanitsa njira iyi yofulumira, kapena RPM. Tito, yemwe tsopano ndi wamkulu, adakali wotchuka kwambiri , koma walinso ndi luso lolemba ndakatulo, wolemba ndi mphunzitsi. Kodi njirayi imagwira ntchito bwanji? Kodi ndi bwino kuyesa?
Momwe RPM inakhazikitsidwira
Mu 2003, Soma Mukhopadhyay ndi mwana wake Tito adatchulidwa pa CBS 60 Minutes II akufufuza njira yake yodabwitsa ya autism mankhwala. Mu 2008, CNN inatulutsa pulogalamu yomweyo. Kutchedwa Kufulumizitsa Kufulumira, kunaphatikizapo kufunsa mafunso nthawi zonse, mofulumizitsa, kupititsa, ndikugwirizanitsa, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito bolodi laling'ono lazinenero zamakono pofuna kulankhulana kwapulogalamu. Malingana ndi kuwonetsa (ndi kuwerenga) njirayi inalola Tito, kwa nthawi yoyamba, kuti alankhule bwino maganizo ake ndi malingaliro ake. Akatswiri ofotokoza za kupambana kwa Soma amati mwina mayendedwe a Soma akulepheretsanso kudzikuza komanso kudzikweza padziko lonse lapansi.
Chiwonetsero ichi, ndi china pa PBS, anafotokozera momwe Portia Iversen anaphunzirira ntchito ya Soma ndipo anamuuza iye poganiza kuti Soma angathandize mwana wa Iversen wa autistic, Dov. Iversen ndi mkazi wa ojambula Jonathan Shestack; pamodzi, banjali linakhazikitsa maziko ofufuza otchedwa Cure Autism Now (tsopano ndi gawo la Autism Speaks).
Kenako Iversen anatuluka ndi buku lotchedwa Strange Son , lomwe limafotokoza za njira za Soma ndi kunena kuti RPM ndi "kulongosola" (ku bolodi la mapepala) zinalola kuti Dov ayambe kuyankhulana kwa nthawi yoyamba pamaganizo ovuta, omveka bwino.
Kuchokera pofalitsidwa ndi Strange Mwana , Soma ndi Portia adasiyanitsa njira, koma RPM yakula kwambiri chifukwa cha gulu la Soma (kuthandiza Autism Through Learning ndi Outreach, kapena HALO) ndi webusaiti ya Portia.
Zomwe Zimaperekedwa Kuti Zigwirizane ndi RPM Pothandiza Anthu Ovomerezeka Kuti Azilankhulana
Soma akuti ntchito yake ndi makasitomala ake ku Austin, Texas, ofesi imawalola kudzilamulira okha, kupanga zosankha zawo pakati pa zosankha, ndipo ngakhale kuyankhulana pamene akulimbikitsidwa kuchita zimenezi pogwiritsa ntchito zilembo za zilembo. Werengani tsopano amapereka mapulogalamu a makolo ndi maphunziro.
Njirayi, molingana ndi webusaiti ya Halo:
... amagwiritsa ntchito paradigm ya "Phunzitsani-Funsani" kuti athandize mayankho pogwiritsa ntchito mawu omveka bwino, olondola, owonetsa komanso / kapena okhudza tactile. RPM imapereka mphamvu zowonjezera chidwi cha ophunzira, chidaliro ndi kudzidalira. Kupititsa mpikisano ndi khalidwe la wophunzira aliyense, ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza ophunzira kuyamba yankho. Mayankho a ophunzira amachokera pakusankha mayankho, kuwonetsa, kulemba ndi kulemba zomwe zimawunikira kumvetsetsa kwa ophunzira, luso la maphunziro komanso potsiriza, luso la kukambirana. RPM ndi njira yochepa kwambiri yomwe imangokhala wophunzitsa, wophunzira, pepala ndi pensulo. Koma sayansi yotsatila momwe zimagwirira ntchito kwa anthu ena ndizovuta kwambiri.
Kodi RPM ndi Yothandizadi?
Pali kafukufuku wochepa omwe amati RPM ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri pophunzitsa anthu pa autism spectrum.
Komabe, pali nkhani zambiri zopambana, zambiri zomwe zimayikidwa pa webusaiti ya Halo.
Kumbali ina, akatswiri ambiri awona kuti RPM imakayikira mofanana ndi Kuyankhulana Kwachidule, njira yopezeka tsopano yomwe anthu omwe ali ndi vutolo amaoneka ngati "akulankhulana" pogwiritsa ntchito makina. Pambuyo pake anapeza kuti zina mwa "kuyankhulana kosavuta" zomwe zinali zowonjezereka zinali zowona za "wothandizira" kutsogolera manja a autistic.
Phunziro limodzi lokha lomwe linachitika mu 2012, linasintha makhalidwe omwe akugwirizana ndi RPM. Ngakhale kuti phunziroli likusonyeza kuti khalidwe lingakhale logwirizana ndi kuphunzira ndi kuyankhulana, kafukufuku ambiri omwe amakhazikitsa bwino amapanga zolakwika mu phunzirololokha.
Kuphatikiza apo, ochita kafukufuku akuphatikizansopo phokosoli pamapepala awo:
Tikutsutsa, panthawiyi, funso lofunika kwambiri ngati mauthenga omwe amaperekedwa pa mankhwala a RPM ndi enieni. Cholinga chathu pachiyambi ichi, phunziro lokhazikika pamutu ndikungoyesa zotsatira za khalidwe zomwe zingakhale zogwirizana ndi njira ya RPM yomwe idatchulidwa ndi njira: kodi pali vuto lililonse la malipoti a RPM? Ngati zotsatirazo zikugwirizana ndi njira zowonongeka, funso ngati, kwa omwe, ndipo pansi pazifukwa zotani RPM imapanga mauthenga ovomerezeka ndi nkhani yabwino yamtsogolo, yosiyana, yophunzira.
Mu 2014, Dipatimenti ya Health Services Autism ndi Mavuto ena Opititsa patsogolo , a Wisconsin , adanena kuti kafukufuku wina sadali okwanira kuthandizira mankhwalawa. Mapepala awiri okha ndiwo adasindikizidwa pa RPM, ndipo: "Palibe mapepala awa omwe adafufuza kafukufuku wofufuza momwe ntchito ikuyendera mofulumira."
Kodi Muyese RPM?
RPM ndi kulongosola sizitengera zoopsa za thupi. Kumbali inayo, iwo sathandizidwa ndi kufufuza koyenera. Kuwonjezera apo, zikuwoneka kuti n'zosadabwitsa kupeza zotsatira zabwino zotsalira osati kulankhulana kolondola koma pazomwe akuyembekezera ndi makolo.
Chifukwa cha njala yafukufuku, makolo omwe amapita ku Austin kwa Soma amachita izi mothandizidwa ndi umboni wodalirika komanso chiyembekezo - komanso ndalama zambiri. Komabe, n'zotheka kuyamba RPM ndi "kulongosola" nokha, pogwiritsa ntchito zolemba, mavidiyo ndi malangizo opatsirana pa webusaiti ya HALO.
Mawu ochokera
Njira yokhayo yodziwira ngati mankhwala akugwira ntchito ndi kuyamba ndi maziko, kukhazikitsa zolinga, ndikulemba mosamala njira ndi zotsatira. Kaya mukuyesera RPM kapena mankhwala ena, onetsetsani kuti mukugwira ntchito ndi wothandizira mwana wanu kuti:
- Onani momwe mwana wanu aliri panopa pokhudzana ndi mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mankhwalawa akuyenera kuthandiza mwana wanu kuyankhula, kodi maluso ake oyankhulana ali ndi chiani tsopano? Kodi angagwiritse ntchito mawu olankhulidwa? Angati? Ndibwino bwanji? Kodi amatha kujambula? Kodi amagwiritsa ntchito kujambula kulankhulana ndipo, ngati zili choncho, ndi bwino bwanji? Chofunika kwambiri, mungafune kufanizitsa mwana wanu kuti apite patsogolo ku chiwerengero cha nambala (x kuchoka pomwe ayesera, X% ya nthawi, x nambala ya mawu, ndi zina zotero).
- Pangani zolinga zomveka bwino ndi wodwalayo. Kodi kwenikweni akuyembekeza kuti apindule ndi mwana wanu, ndipo amamva bwanji kuti ali ndi cholinga chodziwikiratu nthawi yake? Mwachitsanzo: gwiritsani ntchito mawu atsopano atatu moyenera mkati mwa masabata sikisi, kapena mugwiritse ntchito supuni molondola mu mayesero asanu ndi limodzi.
- Yerekezani zotsatira zenizeni ku zizindikiro ndi zolinga. Ndi kosavuta kuti wodwalayo akuuzeni "yang'anani, Johnny tsopano akugwira nawo ntchito zambiri ndipo akulankhulana!" Koma kodi iye alidi? Kapena kodi adangogwirizana nawo mwezi wapitawo? Kuti mudziwe, inu ndi / kapena wothandizira anu muyenera kuyesa zomwe Johnny ali nazo kachiwiri ndikuyerekezera zotsatira pa kuyesa kwanu koyamba ndi zolinga zomwe mwakhazikitsa.
> Zothandizira:
> Chen, GM, Yoder, KJ, Ganzel, BL, Goodwin, MS, & Belmonte, MK (2012). Kuyanjanitsa makhalidwe obwerezabwereza kuti azisamalira ndi kuphunzira mu mankhwala atsopano kwa autism: kufufuza zofufuza. Malire a Psychology , 3 , 12. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00012
> Elliot, James. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi njira yothetsera kuyankhulana kwa autism. Atlantic. July 20, 2016.
> Lang, Russell. Phunziro lokhalo lofufuza njira yofulumizitsa yofulumira limakhala ndi zolakwika zazikulu koma deta imasonyeza kuti zotsatira zowonjezereka zimadalira nthawi yomweyo. Kuwonetsa Kuyankhulana Kwachidziwitso ndi Kulowerera. Vol. 8, Nkhani 1, 2014.
> Kuthandiza Autism Kupyolera Kuphunzira ndi Kutulukira (HALO) Website