Ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito a heroin yawuka ku US; Matendawa angathenso.
Mawerengedwe a ntchito ya heroin akhala akukwera ku US zaka khumi zapitazo. Heroin akugonjetsa imfa yawonjezeka pafupifupi 4 fold. Anthu opitirira 8000 amafa ku US kuchokera ku overdoses chaka chilichonse. Mitengo ya nkhanza yaphatikizana pakati pa akazi ndipo yabwera 50% mwa amuna ku US.
Matendawa amachititsa mavuto ambiri.
Pambuyo pa imfa mwachindunji kuchokera ku overdoses, ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito heroin imayanjananso ndi matenda omwe angakhale mwachindunji kapena mwachindunji - amawakhudza anthu nthawi yaitali mankhwalawa atatha.
Kuchiza kwauchidakwa kungachepetse chiopsezo cha kuwonjezera pa matenda, koma matenda ena akhoza kukhalapo pamene ena apanga zipsera za mtundu wina.
Mfundo yakuti heroin imayesedwa kawirikawiri ndi chifukwa chake imayambitsa matenda. Ena angayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito heroin yotsika mtengo. Kusamuka kumeneku kungakhale pakati pa mankhwala omwe sijambulidwa ndi mankhwala omwe ali.
Ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndekha ndi yoopsa, ndithudi. 44 amafa ku US tsiku chifukwa cha kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pafupifupi 10 pa tsiku amafa ndi heroin overdose.
Pali njira zitatu zomwe heroin ikhoza kutengera ku matendawa
a) kugawaniza singano ndi zipangizo zina zojambulira - zomwe zimayambitsa matenda opatsirana ndi magazi
b) majekeseni osalimba - oyambitsa matenda kuchokera ku mabakiteriya pa khungu
c) heroin wodetsedwa - kutsogolera matenda ena osadziwika
Matendawa Akufalikira Ndi Zida Zowonongeka Zogwirizanitsa
Chiwindi cha chiwindi C
Hepatitis C ndi kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi. Zitha kuchitika ndi mauthenga ovuta omwe amatumiza anthu kuchipatala, koma ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo amakhala ndi matenda aakulu omwe amawazindikira mpaka matenda a chiwindi apitirira. Pali mankhwala atsopano omwe amapereka lonjezo latsopano lochiza matendawa.
Matendawa amafalikira ndi zipangizo zogawanika - monga zidutswa zogwirizana. Zimaganiziridwa padziko lonse kuti pafupifupi 90% za matenda a Hepatitis C akugwirizanitsa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ngakhale pafupifupi theka (54%) amlandu ku US. Matenda a hepatitis C awonjezereka zaka zingapo zapitazo. Zaka pafupifupi 2000 zimayambitsa matenda atsopano, omwe amawoneka ndi matenda ambiri chaka chilichonse ku US ndipo pafupifupi 30,000 pang'ono amalingalira kuti ali ndi kachilomboka chaka chilichonse (nthawi zambiri zimakhala chete ndipo sizisonyezereka pamene ziyamba kuchitika). Pali anthu pafupifupi 2.7 miliyoni odwala matenda a Hepatitis C ku US. Matenda ambiri anachitika m'zaka za m'ma 1970 ndi 1980 ndikupitirizabe, monga momwe 15-25% amawonetsera kachilomboka ndipo samakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Zimaganiziridwa kuti 1 mwa atatu aliwonse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (IDUs) (omwe ali ndi zaka 18 mpaka 30) ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV, pamene 70-90% achikulire omwe ali ndi matendawa ali ndi kachilomboka.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B ndi kachilombo kosafanana ndi matenda a chiwindi, koma imathandizanso pogawaniza singano komanso kumayambitsa chiwindi. Matenda a Hepatitis B (HBV) ku IDU adanenedwa kuti ndi okwera 20 peresenti ku United States mu 2010
HIV
HIV ingathe kufalikira kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana - pogonana, kubadwa, kuikidwa magazi, komanso kudzera mu singano limodzi ndi zipangizo zina zojambulira.
Padziko lonse lapansi, akuganiza kuti 30% mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV kunja kwa sub-Saharan Africa ndi ochokera ku singano limodzi ndi zipangizo zojambulira.
Mofananamo, HTLV komanso Malaria, komwe ilipo, ikhoza kufalikira kudzera mu IVDU.
Matendawa Akufalikira Chifukwa Chosowa Njira Yopanda
Pali matenda ena omwe amafalikira chifukwa singano, osagawanika, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda njira yopanda kanthu. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa singano kumafuna kuchita ndi machitidwe kuti asafalitse matenda, monga akatswiri azaumoyo amaphunzira. Amathyola khungu lomwe kaŵirikaŵiri limaphimbidwa mabakiteriya, kutenga mabakiteriya pansi pa khungu ndipo mwinamwake kulowa m'magazi.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti khungu lathu lili ndi mabakiteriya nthawi zambiri, monga gawo la microbiome .
MRSA
Imodzi mwa mabakiteriya omwe amagwira ntchitoyi ndi Staph Aureus, kuphatikizapo MRSA (yomwe ndi njira yosagwiritsiridwa ntchito mankhwala a Staph Aureus). Palinso matenda ena omwe amachititsidwa ndi mabakiteriya monga streptococci a Gulu A (GAS womangidwa ndi matenda angapo ) - zomwe zingayambitse matenda opatsirana. Komabe, vuto lalikulu ndi MRSA (komanso kwa MSSA, Staph Aureus yomwe imatsutsana ndi mankhwala ofunika kwambiri omwe MRSA ali).
Matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mabakiteriya amatha kufalikira kupyolera pakhungu, kumene singano zimafalitsa mabakiteriya pansi pa khungu, kulenga matenda, monga matenda a khungu, monga maselo a cellulitis , kapena matumba ang'onoang'ono, ngati matumbo (kapena zithupsa), kapena matumba akuluakulu ngati mapuloteni. Mitundu ina ya cellulitis ikhoza kukhala yofatsa, pamene ena angapangitse minofu yofewa ndi matenda a minofu ndi matenda akuluakulu monga necrotizing fasciitis . Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kungatumize mankhwalawa, motero mabakiteriya, mwachindunji m'magazi. Izi zingayambitse matenda m'magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a sepsis ndi odwala malingana ndi mabakiteriya. Mabakiteriya akhoza kufalikira m'magazi ena ndi mbali zina za thupi kuphatikizapo ma valves a mtima (endocarditis), mafupa (osteomyelitis), ziwalo ( septic arthritis ), komanso amphuno m'mimba, monga chiwindi. Matendawa angapangitse kuwonongeka kwa moyo wanu wonse, monga kuwonongeka kwa mphutsi ya mtima yomwe imatha kukhumudwitsa mtima kapena kuwonongeka kwa mafupa ndi ziwalo.
Chithandizo cha MRSA - komanso matenda akuluakulu, monga endocarditis, omwe amachititsa, nthawi zambiri amafunika kuti azitenga nthawi yayitali. Izi zikhoza kukhala zoopsa kwambiri kwa omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Matendawa Amayambitsa Zodzozedwa ndi Mankhwala Ogwiritsa Ntchito
Katemera wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo samakhala 'woyera' koma nthawi zambiri amasakanikirana ndi zinthu zina. Kwa mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito muzipatala, mankhwala aliwonse omwe amayidwira kwa odwala amayenera kukhala ndi zosakaniza mosamalitsa kuti akhale osabala. Komabe, pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo zingakhale ndi tizilombo tina ting'onoting'ono tomwe timatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Matendawa amatha chifukwa cha mabakiteriya omwe sapezeka pa khungu. Ambiri mwa matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha spores zomwe zimatha nthawi yaitali.
Ena akhoza kusakaniza mankhwala ndi madzi otsegula, omwe sali osabala, omwe amachititsa ku matenda ochokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'mphepete madzi (monga Pseudomonas). Uchilendo wodabwitsa kwambiri ukhoza kupezeka, makamaka kumbali yoyandikana, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osadziwika m'magazi, omwe si a toxinogenic Corynebacterium diphtheria.
Botulism
Botulism ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda omwe amatha kufa koma tsopano sichikuwoneka tsopano chifukwa cha chitetezo chokhazikitsa chakudya ndi kukonzekera. Mavitamini a clostridium botulinum angathe kuwononga heroin, makamaka "black tar heroin". Zingathe kufalikira ndi khungu popita kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa matenda opweteka pa malo ojambulidwa. Zingayambitse kufooka, maso, maso, ndi kuyankhula ndi kumeza. Chifukwa ndi kachilombo kawirikawiri ndipo omwe amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachedwetsa kusamala, matenda amatha kuchedwa. Komabe, chifukwa spores ikhoza kuipitsa magulu a heroin musanagwiritsidwe ntchito zingayambitse zovuta zambiri pakati pa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito heroin yomweyo.
Tetanus
Zilonda za tetanus zingayambitse jekeseni wa heroin - kaya panthawi yopanga ndi kufalitsa kapena pakamwa. Clostridium tetani amapezeka mwachilengedwe m'deralo monga mudothi kapena zipangizo zamoto. Ku US, pafupifupi 15 peresenti ya matenda a tetanus amapezeka chaka chilichonse mwa anthu omwe amayambitsa mankhwala, monga heroin. Ku UK, kuphulika kwadzidzidzi kwa tetanasi kunachitika, kuphatikizapo jekeseni wa heroin mu anthu 25 mu 2003-2004.
Tetanus imatha kupezeka ndi katemera wonse wa katemera wa shuga (5 shots) ndi kupititsa patsogolo zaka khumi kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena kubwereza mobwerezabwereza ngati kuvulazidwa (kuvulazidwa koopsa) ndipo palibe katemera woteteza katemera kwa zaka zisanu.
Anthrax
Ngakhale kuti anthrax nthawi zambiri imabweretsa chithunzi cha bioterrorism, spores zomwe zimayambitsa anthrax zimapezeka mwachilengedwe m'madera ena. Panali 82 milandu ya Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) ku Scotland mu 2009-2010 pakati pa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito heroin. Ambiri anali ndi matenda opatsirana pang'ono koma ena anali ndi matenda akuluakulu.
Tizilombo tina tina timene timayambitsa matendawa amachitanso kuti Bacillus cereus (wachibale wa Bacillus anthracis) ndi Clostridum sordellii (wachibale wa Clostridium botulinum ndi Clostridium tetani)
Ena akhoza kukhala ndi matenda ena, monga chifuwa chachikulu, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chikhalidwe komanso chifukwa TB imatha kufalitsa mosavuta pamene pali zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asatengeke, monga HIV kapena kusowa kwa zakudya.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza kuthandizira kulimbana ndi heroin, CDC imalimbikitsa kuitana: 1-800-662-THANDIZENI kapena fufuzani zambiri ku webusaiti ya National Institute for Drug Abuse.