Nthawi yoyamba yomwe ndinauzidwa kuti ndinawona anthrax, sindinazindikire. Iye anali ndi chizindikiro pa mkono wake umene unali wakuda kuposa khungu lake. Icho sichinali chowonekera kwenikweni.
Iye anadza kudzawona ndi dokotala chifukwa china chomwe chinali chovuta kwambiri. Chizindikirocho sichinapweteke. Mphepete mwa izo zinaleredwa pang'ono. Vuto lake linalake, losagwirizana ndi zachipatala linali lolimbikira kwambiri komanso pangozi.
Koma iye ankadziwa chomwe chida chakuda chinali. Iye ananena mawu. Anatanthawuza malasha kapena malasha m'chinenero chake. Ndinadziwa mawu ngati malasha kapena malasha ochokera ku chinenero china, kale lachi Greek - Anthrax.
Izi zinali zowonongeka. Ikhoza kupha imfa, koma ambiri samachita. Ngati osatulutsidwa, mmodzi pa asanu akhoza kufa. Ndi mankhwala ophera antibiotic, osachepera 1% amafa ndi anthrax wodula.
Pali mitundu ina ya Anthrax, malingana ndi kutuluka. Mitundu ina ndi yoopsa kwambiri. Komabe, nthendayi yotchedwa cutth anxrax ndiyofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi; 95% -99% mwa anthu omwe ali ndi anthrax ali ndi mawonekedwe odulidwa.
Matenda ambiri a anthrax kuzungulira dziko ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi matendawa omwe amavomerezedwa m'nyuzipepala. Ndi matenda omwe alimi amakumana nawo nthawi zina. Nkhumba za anthrax zingathe kukhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali.
Kuwopa ndiko kuti anthrax ikhoza kufalikira kupyolera mu mlengalenga monga aerosol (kapena kutumizidwa kudzera mu makalata) ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida. Chotsatira chake, mabakiteriya agwedeza kumutu kumbuyo.
Nkhaniyi inalembedwa m'nkhani za mu 2001 pamene makalata omwe anali ndi anthrax analandiridwa ndi makalata ndi mabungwe awiri a US, omwe amachititsa imfa zisanu ndi zisanu ndikupha ena 17. Linapanganso mitu yoyamba pamene lab lab ya ku United States inkatumiza zitsanzo za anthrax ku malo a 100 ku US ndi kunja kwa zaka zoposa 10 kufikira zitapezeka mu 2015.
Ndani amapeza Anthrax?
Komabe, anthrax ndi matenda omwe amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka m'madera omwe alimi akuchokera ku Haiti kupita ku Zimbabwe kupita ku Siberia. Wapezeka m'madera a Central ndi South America, Caribbean, Africa, mbali za Asia, kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Ulaya. M'madera amenewa, nyama zina, makamaka nyama zakutchire monga ng'ombe, nkhosa, mbuzi, antelope, ndi nthenda zimatha kutenga kachilomboka. Anthrax ndi mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka m'nthaka komanso amawombola nyama zakutchire komanso omwe amadya chakudya. Nthawi zambiri, kukhudzana ndi zinyamazi kapena zoweta zinyama zingayambitse matenda. Kusamalira kapena kupha nyama kungawononge matenda opatsirana; kusewera pama drums opangidwa kuchokera ku matumba kapena kusamala mitembo kungayambitse matenda.
Anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo ndi odwala, ophika mabomba, ndi alimi, oledzera, akatswiri a labata, komanso omwe angakhale othandiza asilikali kapena amtundu wamtundu wa bioterrorism.
Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amatha kulandira, monga pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a heroin.
Kodi mitundu ya matenda a Anthrax ndi otani?
Matenda osiyanasiyana amayamba chifukwa cha anthrax spores koma amadalira njira yopatsira anthu.
Matenda a m'mimba amatha kudya nyama ya chirombo (kapena nthawi zambiri madzi owonongeka ndi mabakiteriya).
Ng'ombe zimatemera ku US kupewa izi. Ena akhoza kumeza zomwe apuma, monga kupita ku phwando lovina ndi drum yoipitsidwa.
Zingayambitse kutentha thupi, kupweteka, kupweteka kwa khosi, zilonda, kukhumudwa, kukhumudwa, kusanza ndi kusanza makamaka magazi, kutsekula m'mimba nthawi zambiri ndi magazi, kupweteka kwa m'mimba, kutupa m'mimba, ndi kupweteka mutu. Sikuti imangokhala ndi matenda a m'mimba, koma mmalo mwake akhoza kukhala ndi kutupa kwapakhosi ndi koopsa.
Kufa ndi 25-75%.
Kutsegula m'mimba kumapezedwa kupyolera m'madzi omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ichi ndi mtundu woopsa komanso woopsa.
Kutupa kwa anthrax kumayambitsa matenda, kutentha, kupuma, kukhwima, kunyoza, kusanza, kupweteka kwa m'mimba, kupweteka mutu, kutulutsa thukuta, kutopa, thupi, ndi chifuwa.
Amene amafa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi madzi amagazi m'mapapu awo, kutupa mu ubongo, komanso kutupa pamtima mwawo (mimba) komanso mimba (ascites). Ena amakhala ndi petechial. Zilonda zamkati (mediastinal) ndi nthenda zimakhala ndi minofu yakufa ndi magazi.
Kufa ndi 80%. Popanda chithandizo, imfa imaganiza kuti ili pafupi ndi 100%.
Zowonongeka zimapezedwa ngati spores imakhala pakhungu ndikulowa kudula. Zimayambitsa mabotolo ang'onoang'ono, mwinamwake owopsa, mwinamwake amalumikizana palimodzi. Pakhoza kukhala zilonda zopweteka ndi malo akuda, ndi kutupa kuzungulira m'mphepete mwake, nthawi zambiri pamutu, pamutu, mikono, kapena manja.
Jekeseni ikhoza kupezeka kuchokera mu jekeseni zipangizo zoipitsidwa ndi anthrax, monga heroin . Zimakhala ngati matenda ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda koma matendawa akhoza kufalikira mofulumira ndipo motero amakhala oopsa.
Kodi ndi mabakiteriya otani?
Amayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya omwe amagwiritsa ntchito gram-positive otchedwa Bacillus anthracis. Chosavuta n'chakuti chimapatsira kupyolera mu spores. Nkhumbazi zimatha nthawi yayitali, ngakhale zaka khumi, m'nthaka kapena pinyama ndikubisala mosayembekezereka. Matendawa akhoza kufalikira pamene sakudziwika kuti anthrax inali pafupi.
Kodi amachizidwa bwanji?
Maantibayotiki ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Oposa angasankhidwe chifukwa cha zomwe zingakhale zodetsa nkhawa.
Pali mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa CDC. Chithandizo chingakhale ndi levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, kapena ciprofloxacin. Carbapenems ingagwiritsidwe ntchito komanso ma antibiotic omwe amachepetsa, mwachiyembekezo, kupanga mankhwala monga linezolid kapena clindamycin. Chloramphenicol imatha kugwira ntchito. Nthawi zina Doxycycline imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ena amafunika kutulutsa mpweya komanso mpweya wabwino kuti alole kupuma mothandizidwa ndi makina. Ambiri adzafuna thandizo la mankhwala kuti magazi awo asakhale otsika kwambiri.
CDC ilimbikitsidwa ndi CDC kwa omwe amadwala kwambiri (mbiri yotsutsa), mbiri ya steroid, kutupa makamaka mutu kapena khosi, meningitis.
Zimatengera nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti adwale?
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena jekeseni amatha kutuluka mwamsanga pasanapite tsiku limodzi. Kutsegula kwa anthrax kungatenge masiku asanu ndi awiri kapena kuposerapo, koma osapitirira masiku 60.
Bwanji ngati mwakhala mukuwululidwa?
Pali antibiotics - prophylaxis - yomwe mungathe kutenga ngati mutayang'aniridwa ndi wothandizira zaumoyo kuti achepetse mwayi wodwala. Izi zikuphatikizapo Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ndi doxycycline, zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi FDA, ndi ma antibayotiki ena, monga moxifloxacin; amoxicillin, penicillin clindamycin. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa masiku 60 ndi katemera katatu.
Nanga pali katemera?
Pali katemera koma sapezeka kwa anthu onse. Zilipo kwa magulu ena omwe ali pangozi - asilikali, ziweto, ogwira ntchito zoweta. Chithandizo cha Anthrax Chilonda (AVA) kapena BioThraxTM sichikhala ndi Anthrax ndipo sichikhoza kuyambitsa anthrax. Katemera uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza motsutsana ndi kutsekemera ndi matenda osokonezeka ngakhale pali deta yochepa. Anavomerezedwa ndi FDA kuti asatenge katemera ndipo adalandira chilolezo kuyambira 1970.
Ziweto zimatemera ku US.
Kodi ndingachipeze kwa munthu wodwala?
Mwinamwake ayi. Odwala anthrax samasowa zowonjezereka kuposa wodwala aliyense. Mzipatala sizikusowa kuti azipatula odwala omwe akukayikira. Osowa chithandizo chamankhwala ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera .
Pali chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri kuti munthu amene ali ndi anthrax wodula, mwinamwake kutsekemera kwapatsirana, akhoza kupha wina. Kawirikawiri, musakhudze mabala alionse. Choncho musakhudze anthrax wothandizira ndi manja anu.
Kodi amayesedwa motani?
Malaibulale apadera ku US angathandize. Mayeso a Lababu, ngati atengedwa kale asanamve mankhwala, akhoza kusonyeza mabakiteriya kuchokera ku sampula, kupopera magazi, kukopa magazi, kapangidwe ka khungu. Matenda a m'magazi amatha kuyesedwa. Chifuwa cha X Ray kapena Cat chikhoza kusonyeza "kukula kwa pakati" komwe kungathandize kuthana ndi matenda a anthrax.