Zikhulupiriro zamakono 10 zapamwamba zanyansidwa

Zithunzi zojambulapo pakhomo zaka 12,000 zapitazo amanenedwa kuti akusonyeza umboni wogwiritsa ntchito kondomu. Kondomu yakale kwambiri yomwe inapezeka kale inayamba mu 1642. Choncho, ndizotheka kuti makondomu akhala akuzungulira nthawi yaitali. Mwamwayi, nthano za kondomu zakhala zikuzungulira kwa nthawi yaitali. Zifukwa zopanda kuvala makondomu ndi nthano zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu amalepheretsa anthu ambiri kugwiritsa ntchito njira yofunika yolerera .

Malinga ndi Bill Smith, Mtsogoleri Wa National Coalition of STD Directors,

"Maphunziro ogwiritsira ntchito kondomu yoyenera, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu, ndizo zikuluzikulu pa kuchepetsa kulakwitsa kondomu ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zawo. Koma tili ndi ntchito yochuluka patsogolo pathu. Kuti tipeze mtundu wathanzi wokhudzana ndi kugonana, tifunikira kulimbikitsa anthu ndi zofunikira zomwe akufuna kuti asankhe mwanzeru kudziteteza okha ndi anzawo. "

Kotero, mumadziwa bwanji za makondomu? Pano pali mndandanda wa zikhulupiliro za kondomu komanso chidziwitso chokhudza chithandizochi.

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Nthano ya kondomu: Makondomu Kawirikawiri amakhala ndi Mipope kapena Zowonjezera Zowonjezera Kukonza

MFUNDO: Makondomu amaonedwa kuti ndi Magulu Achiwiri Achipatala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kupanga makondomu kumayendetsedwa bwino, choncho makondomu ayenera kukwaniritsa malonda a FDA ndi FDA. Amakono ogulitsa makondomu a America ndi oitanitsa zamagetsi amayesa kondomu iliyonse kwa mabowo ndi zolakwika zina. Amayesanso kuyesa makondomu osalongosoka kuchokera ku gulu lirilonse (kawirikawiri limaphatikizapo kuyesa kwa madzi kuti azindikire mabowo ndi kuyesa kutuluka kwa mpweya kuti ayang'ane mphamvu ya kondomu). A FDA amayesa kupanga makondomu nthawi ndi nthawi komanso amadziyezetsa okha kuti apange kondomu.

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Nthano ya kondomu: Makondomu Sungateteze matenda opatsirana pogonana monga Chlamydia ndi Gonorrhea

MFUNDO: Ma STIs monga chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, ndi trichomoniasis amafalikira kudzera m'mabiseche opatsirana. Makondomu amapereka chitetezo chabwino pa matendawa chifukwa amakhala ngati chotchinga, kutseka zobisika zomwe zimayambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana. Kafukufuku wopangidwa kuti afufuze maphunziro pa kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu akuthandiza izi:

• Makondomu awonetsedwa kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri popewera chlamydia, gonorrhea, ndi trichomoniasis; poyerekeza ndi amayi omwe sanagwiritse ntchito makondomu, amayi omwe amagwiritsira ntchito makondomu nthawi zonse amatsitsa 62% pangozi yotenga matendawa ndi 26% kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga chlamydia.
• Kugwiritsira ntchito kogwiritsira ntchito kondomu za amayi kapena akazi a kondomu kumagwirizanitsa ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha matendawa, a chlamydia, ndi a syphilis kwa amayi omwe amaonedwa kuti ali pachiopsezo chotenga matenda opatsirana pogonana.
• Kafukufuku wa kafukufuku wopenda makumi awiri (45) wofufuzira kugwiritsira ntchito kondomu ndi matenda a chlamydia komanso / kapena chlamydia anawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu kumachepetsa kutenga matenda onsewa mwa amuna ndi akazi.

Amakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu kutetezera matenda opatsirana pogonana kwenikweni kumadodometsedwa chifukwa cha zoperewera momwe kafukufuku wokhudza nkhaniyi wapitilira.

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Nthano ya Kondomu: Kugwiritsira Ntchito Makondomu Aŵiri Kumapereka Chitetezo Choposa Chinthu Chokha

MFUNDO: Ngakhale zikhoza kuwoneka ngati zomveka, makondomu amatha kukhala otetezedwa. Ndipotu, chizoloŵezichi chingapangitse makondomu kukhala opanda mphamvu. Makondomu awiri akamagwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi, kukangana kwakukulu kungayambike pakati pawo; izi zimapangitsa kuti kondomu imodzi kapena onse awiri athetse. Musagwiritse ntchito kondomu imodzi pokha pokha, koma kondomu ya amuna iyeneranso kusagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kondomu ya akazi (chifukwa cha zomwezo).

• Kodi Makondomu Awiri Ali Abwino Kupambana Mmodzi?

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Nthano ya kondomu: Makondomu a Katekisoni Ndiwo okha Makondomu Othandiza Kwambiri

MFUNDO YOYENERA: Nthano iyi ndi yovuta kwambiri malinga ndi momwe mukufotokozera zogwira mtima. Pali mitundu inayi ya kondomu ya amuna: latex, polyurethane , polyisoprene , ndi chilengedwe chachikazi / lambskin . A FDA avomereza makondomu, polyurethane, ndi polyisoprene makondomu kuti athe kuthana ndi mimba komanso kuteteza matenda opatsirana pogonana. Mu mayeso a labu, makondomu a polyurethane awonetsedwa kukhala zotsutsana zotsutsana ndi umuna ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana monga makondomu a latex. Koma, pali vuto linalake lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito, "weniweni" ntchito, ma kondomu a polyurethane sangapereke mofanana ngati makondomu a latex. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kondomu za polyurethane sizowoneka ngati zotsekemera komanso zowonongeka kuposa ma kondomu, choncho makondomuwa akhoza kuthetsa kapena kugwidwa panthawi yogonana. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti poyerekeza ndi makondomu a latex, kondomu ya polyurethane ndi 3-5 nthawi zambiri yomwe imatha kuthetsa kugonana.

Makondomu a nkhosa zamphongo ali ndi tizilombo tochepa. Ma pores ndi ochepa kwambiri kuti umuna usadutse, kotero makondomuwa ali othandiza popewera mimba; Komabe, mabakiteriya / mavairasi omwe amachititsa matenda opatsirana pogonana angadutse pores. Choncho, makondomu a ana a nkhosa samapereka chitetezo ku matenda opatsirana pogonana.

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Nthano ya kondomu: Kukula kwa kondomu sikulibe kanthu

ZOONA: Pankhani yogwiritsira kondomu, kukula kumapangitsa kusiyana. Popeza kukula kwa mbolo kumasiyana, kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu kukula kwakukulu n'kofunika. Pofuna kukhala ogwira mtima, kondomu iyenera kuyenerera bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu sikungatheke ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito kondomu yolakwika - makondomu omwe ndi ochepa kwambiri / omangika angakhale osowa kwambiri pamene makondomu omwe ndi aakulu kwambiri / otayirira angathe kukhala ochepa.

• Kodi Makondomu Amakhaladi Ofunika Kwambiri?
• Mmene Mungayesere Kukula kwa mbolo
• Chati Choyendetsa Kondomu

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Nthano ya kondomu: Makondomu angapereke chitetezo china chakumana ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana, koma osati HIV

ZOONA: Kafufuzidwe mosamalitsa komanso momveka bwino amasonyeza kuti kondomu imapereka njira yothetsera HIV, kachilombo ka HIV. Kugwira ntchito kondomu za latex pofuna kupewa HIV kutengedwera kwasayansi mu maphunziro a labotolo komanso mu maphunziro enieni a maukwati ogonana. Zapezeka kuti pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu kumachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachirombo ka HIV kuchokera kwa amuna kupita kwa amayi komanso kwa amayi kupita kwa amuna. Kafukufuku wa kafukufuku wogwira ntchito za kondomu omwe amapezeka kuti poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu, kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu kumathandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachirombo ka HIV ndi 80-87%.

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Nthano Yamakondomu: Makondomu Angapangitse Zowononga Kwambiri Kuposa Zabwino

MFUNDO: Monga momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chisankho chilichonse , nthawi zonse ndikofunika kupenda ubwino wa njira yoletsa kubereka potsata zoopsa. Kawirikawiri, makondomu sayenera kukupwetekani kapena kuwononga thanzi lanu. Nthano iyi imalankhula momveka bwino kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake ndi zowonjezera kondomu kapena mafuta a kondomu. Makondomu a Katekisimu sangakhale abwino kwambiri ngati muli ndi latex mankhwala. Pakati pa mzere womwewo, zina mwa zipangizo zamakono (monga parabens, glycerin, kapena spermicide ) zasonyezedwa kuti zimayambitsa mavuto ena azaumoyo mwa anthu ena. Ngati mumaganizira zowonjezera izi, muyenera kufufuza nokha kuti mudziwe ngati akugwiritsidwa ntchito mumakondomu omwe mumakonda.

• Akudabwa Kodi Makondomu Amapangidwa Motani?

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Nthano ya Kondomu: Makondomu Sali Ogwira Ntchito Poletsa Kuteteza

ZOONA: Mukamagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera nthawi zonse mukamagonana, makondomu ndi 98% ogwira ntchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amayi awiri mwa amayi 100 omwe amagwirizana nawo moyenera amagwiritsa ntchito makondomu amatha kutenga pakati pa chaka choyamba cha kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu. Gwiritsani ntchito kondomu, makondomu ndi 85% ogwira ntchito (choncho amayi 15 pa 100 aliwonse omwe amagwirizana nawo moyenera amagwiritsa ntchito makondomu adzatenga pakati pa chaka choyamba).

Manambalawa angakupangitseni kukhulupirira kuti makondomu si othandiza kwambiri. Kumbukirani kuti, kupatula kondomu ikutha kapena misonzi, momwemo ntchito imagwiritsira ntchito zolakwika za kondomu. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Osagwiritsira ntchito kondomu nthawi iliyonse yomwe mugonana.
• Osagwiritsira ntchito kondomu moyenera (kuziyika molakwika / mkati, osati kuvala kondomu nthawi yonse - kuziyika mochedwa / kuzichotsa posachedwa, osati kuvala kondomu yoyenera).
• Kugwiritsira ntchito kondomu.
• Kutsegula phukusi la kondomu ndi chinthu chakuthwa kapena kugwiritsira kondomu ndi zikhomo kapena zodzikongoletsera.
• Kugwiritsira ntchito makondomu omwe sanawasungidwe bwino .
• Osagwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangira madzi kapena silicone .
• Kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu.

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Nthano ya kondomu: Makondomu Amapereka Palibe Chitetezo Kulimbana ndi Matenda a Khungu-ndi-Khungu

MFUNDO: Matenda opatsirana pogonana monga herpes, papillomavirus yaumunthu (HPV) ndi ziphuphu zamagazi zimafalikira kudzera mwa khungu ndi khungu. Makondomu awonetseredwa kuteteza motsutsana ndi matendawa ngati kondomu ikuphimba khungu .

Herpes / HSV-2

• Kufufuza kafukufuku wa maanja kumene munthu mmodzi ali ndi kachilombo ka herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2), kugwiritsira ntchito kondomu amuna ndi amayi otetezedwa motsutsana ndi matenda atsopano a HSV-2.
• Umboni wochuluka umasonyeza kuti makondomu amapereka chitetezo chokwanira ku HSV-2. Deta imasonyeza kuti pali kuwonjezeka kwa 3.6% pa zovuta za mkaka wa herpes (HSV-2) ndi chiwerewere chilichonse chosatetezeka, kuwonjezeka kwa 2.7% pa zovuta za kugwilitsila herpes pamene makondomu nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo palibe kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo cha herpes pamene makondomu nthawi zonse ankagonana.

HPV

• Zofukufuku zikuwonetsanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu kumagwirizanitsa ndi machiritso mwamsanga a chiberekero ndi zilonda zapakhole zomwe zimagwirizana ndi HPV komanso nthawi yayitali ya kachilombo ka HIV.
• Kafukufuku amavomerezanso kuti mwayi wamayi wopeza HPV umachepa kwambiri chifukwa nthawi zambiri makondomu amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Poyerekeza ndi amayi omwe abwenzi awo amagwiritsira ntchito makondomu osachepera 5% pazogonana, amayi omwe abwenzi awo amagwiritsira ntchito makondomu pafupifupi theka la nthawi anali ndi chiopsezo cha 50% cha matenda a HPV, ndipo amayi omwe abwenzi awo amagwiritsira ntchito makondomu 100% chiopsezo cha 70%.

Zilonda zamtundu zimayambitsidwa ndi HPV. Makondomu angathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansara ya chiberekero yomwe imakhala ndi HPV ngati malo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ali ndi kondomu. Makondomu sungateteze kwathunthu ku HPV kapena HSV-2 chifukwa pakhoza kukhalabe ndi kukhudzana ndi khungu ndi khungu.

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Nthano ya kondomu: Makondomu Ali Osavuta Ndiponso Ovuta Kugwiritsa Ntchito

MFUNDO: Makondomu ambiri ali ndi zinthu zina (monga kutentha / kutentha kwapadera) ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kugonana kukhala kosangalatsa kwa amuna ndi akazi. Ngati kondomu ikuvuta chifukwa imakhala yolimba kwambiri, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makondomu omwe angapereke zoyenera komanso zomveka bwino. Mofanana ndi khalidwe latsopano, poyamba, muyenera kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu molondola .

Kawirikawiri, gawo lalikulu kwambiri ndilo njira yodziwira kondomu. Chikhalidwe chabwino cha thumbu ndi chakuti kondomu iyenera kuyenda ngati chipewa (osati ngati kapu yachakudya); Muyenera kuwongolera mosavuta - popanda kuumirira zala zanu mkati mwake kuti mutsegule. Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito kondomu pang'ono, kondomu ndizosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito, ndipo maanja angaphatikizepo njira zabwino zogwiritsira ntchito kondomu kumaseŵera awo. Palinso makondomu omwe amalinganiza kuti muwaike m'njira yoyenera (monga makondomu a Sensis ).

• Mmene Mungaike Makondomu Pamodzi ndi Pakamwa Panu

> Zotsatira:

> Holmes KK, Levine R, Weaver M. "Kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu poteteza matenda opatsirana pogonana." Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 454-461.

> "Makondomu a Nonlatex ndi Latex: Zosintha." Lipoti la Kulera (Kulera Kwambiri) 2003 September; 14 (2): 10-13.

Sanchez J, Campos PE, Courtois B, Gutierrez L, Carrillo C, Alarcon J, Gotuzzo E, Hughes J, Watts D, Hillier SL, Buchanan K, Holmes KK. "Kupewa matenda opatsirana pogonana (opatsirana pogonana) m'magulu aakazi ogonana: Kuyembekezera kuyendetsa kondomu komanso kulimbikitsa ma ARV." Kugonana kwapakati pa 2003 April; 30 (4): 273-279. Idapezeka kudzera mwachinsinsi.

> Stanaway JD, Wald A, Martin ET, Gottlieb SL, Magaret AS. "Kusanthula kosafunika kwa kondomu pogwiritsira ntchito kondomu ndi herpes simplex kachilombo ka 2 kope." Kugonana kwapakati pa 2012 May; 39 (5): 388-393.

> Warner L, Stone KM, Macaluso M, Buehler JW, Austin HD. "Kugwiritsira ntchito kondomu ndi chiopsezo cha gonorrhea ndi chlamydia: Kuwonongeka mwatsatanetsatane ka kapangidwe ndi kulingalira kwa zinthu zomwe zimayesedwa m'maphunziro a epidemiologic." Kugonana kwapakati pa 2006; 33: 36-51. Idapezeka kudzera mwachinsinsi.

> Weller SC, Davis-Beaty K. "Kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu pochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV." Cochrane Mndandanda wa Zosintha Zowonongeka 2002, Magazini 1. Art. Ayi: CD003255.

> Wowonjezera RL, Hughes JP, Feng Q, O'Reilly S, Kiviat NB, Holmes KK, Koutsky LA. "Kugwiritsira ntchito kondomu komanso chiopsezo cha matenda a papillomavirus kwa amayi achichepere." New England Journal of Medicine, 2006, 354 (25): 2645-2654.