Chilombo ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana (matenda opatsirana pogonana / STD) omwe amachitidwa ndi bakiteriya ngati mawonekedwe otchedwa Treponema pallidum. Mukhoza kutenga kachilombo kafika poti mukumane ndi zilonda zachirombo panthawi yogonana. Zitha kuperekanso kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana pamene ali ndi mimba. Anthu kawirikawiri amakhala ndi maganizo olakwika pa syphilis, ndikukhulupilira kuti mukhoza kungochita "kukhala achiwerewere." Chowonadi chosavuta ndi chakuti mukhoza kutenga kachilombo kawodzi ndipo simungadziwe konse kuti mwakhala ndi kachilombo kwa zaka zambiri kapena zaka zambiri.
Ponena za izi, pali njira zosavuta kupewa matenda a chiwewe. Zonsezi zimayamba ndi kuphunzira momwe matendawa afalikira komanso zinthu zomwe zimakuika iwe pangozi.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa
Aliyense yemwe ali ndi syphilis akhoza kutenga kachilombo koyambitsa kugonana kapena amayi awo mu utero.
Kutumiza Kwachikulire
Matenda a chiwopsezo amapezeka pamene khungu kapena minofu imakhala ndi vuto lotseguka, lotchedwa zilonda zam'mimba. Maonekedwe a bakiteriya amavomereza kuti alowe m'kati mwa mkamwa, kumaliseche, kapena kubwezeretsa kapena kulowa mwapang'onopang'ono pakhungu.
Mwa akuluakulu ndi achinyamata ogonana, kachirombo ka HIV kamapititsidwa mwachindunji kudzera m'kamwa , m'mimba , kapena kugonana . Nthawi zambiri, matenda amatha chifukwa cha kupsyopsyona.
Ngati sichikutsatiridwa, chisala chidzadutsa muzigawo zisanu za matenda : oyambirira, apamwamba, oyambirira latent, late late, ndi apamwamba.
Mauthenga omwe angathenso kutengera amatha kusintha mosiyana:
- Pachirombo choyambirira , matendawa amadutsa mwa kukumana ndi chancre.
- Pachirombochi chachilombo , matendawa amatha kupitsidwanso mwakumana ndi mphutsi yachiwiri.
- Kumayambiriro koyambirira kwa syphilis , zizindikiro zina zikhoza kuchepa ndi kuonjezera chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka.
- Pakati pa mapeto a syphilis kumapeto kwake, matendawa amaonedwa ngati osagwilitsidwa ntchito.
Sipisiti sangadutse kupyolera mu mipando ya chimbudzi, kulankhulana momasuka, kapena zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito kapena zosamalira. Izi zili choncho chifukwa T. pallidum ili ndi chigoba chopanda mphamvu chomwe chimakhalabe ndi lipoprotein kuti zikhale ndi moyo kunja kwa thupi kwa nthawi yayitali. Chotsatira chake, kusamutsidwa kwa munthu-kwa-munthu kwa syphilis sikungatheke kwambiri.
Kutumiza kwa Perinatal
Kutsekula kwa syphilis (komwe kumatchedwanso congenital syphilis ) kumachitika pamene mabakiteriya a syphilis alowa m'mphepete mwa chiberekero. Ngakhale izi zikhoza kuchitika panthawi iliyonse ya mimba, mwayiwu ndi waukulu kwambiri pakati pa theka lachiwiri.
Kuopsa kwa kachilombo ka HIV kumasiyanasiyana ndi gawo la amayi la matenda. Amayi omwe ali ndi syphilis oyambirira ndi apakati ali ndi chiopsezo chotenga pakati pa 60 peresenti ndi 80 peresenti, pamene amayi omwe ali ndi mapewa oyambirira amatha kusokonezeka.
Zochitika Zowopsa Kwamoyo
Ngakhale kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhudza aliyense, pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse matenda. Zina zimagwirizana ndi khalidwe la kugonana, pamene zina zimakhala ndi makhalidwe omwe angapangitse anthu onse kukhala pangozi.
Zina mwa zinthu zomwe zimawopsa kwambiri:
- Kugwiritsira ntchito kondomu sikukugwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka chifukwa chachikulu chotumizira m'magulu onse. Malingana ndi kafukufuku wa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), amayi oposa 24 peresenti ndi amuna 33 peresenti pakati pa zaka 15 ndi 44 amagwiritsira ntchito kondomu nthawi zonse.
- Anthu ambiri ogonana nawo amakuika pangozi pokhapokha ndikukupatsani inu mwayi wochulukirapo. Izi ndizowona makamaka pakati pa anthu osadziwika omwe amakumana nawo pa Intaneti .
- Amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) amawerengera 60 peresenti ya matenda a syphilis ku United States. Zokwanira zaumoyo (monga kugwa kwa tizirombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda) komanso ma ARV ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi pa chiopsezo chowonjezereka poyerekeza ndi anzawo amtundu wina.
- Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwachititsa kuti matenda a STD ayambe kuchitika m'zaka zaposachedwapa (kuphatikizapo kuphulika kwa HIV ku Indiana komwe kumayenderana ndi oxycontin). Ngakhale kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sikutambasulidwa ndi kuika magazi, kuyiritsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kungayambitse chiweruzo ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha chiwawa chogonana kapena kugonana kwa mankhwala.
Maganizo ndi Zopindulitsa
Mmodzi mwa ziopsezo zazikulu za matenda a chiwewe ndi kupeĊµa kugonana kwa STD. Ngakhale kuti nthawi ina ankaganiza kuti kufunika kwa izi kunadalira chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi zibwenzi, CDC tsopano ikuyamikira kamodzi kamodzi pachaka kuyezetsa (syphilis, chlamydia, ndi gonorrhea) kwa amuna onse ogonana amuna okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, komanso amuna ena ogonana ndi amuna. Anthu omwe ali ndi zibwenzi zambiri kapena osadziwika kuti azigonana ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mobwerezabwereza (mwachitsanzo, pakati pa miyezi itatu kapena 6).
Mwamwayi, ambiri mwa amunawa sadziwa malangizo kapena amawasamala mosamala, mwina chifukwa cha manyazi kapena mantha opeza kachilombo ka HIV komweko. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti chiwopsezo cha kachilombo kawonjezereka kokha koma kubwezeretsanso.
Phunziro la 2015 kuchokera ku yunivesite ya California, ku Los Angeles linanena kuti pakati pa 6 peresenti ndi 8% ya MSM omwe kale anali ndi kachilombo ka syphilis anali ndi kachilombo koyambiranso mkati mwa zaka ziwiri. Ambiri mwa iwo omwe anachedwa kuyesa mpaka kachilombo koyambalo adavomereza kuti mwina sakufuna kudziwa kapena amaopa kuphunzira zotsatira.
Zomwezo zawonetsedwa m'mabambo achimuna a ku America omwe ndi 62 peresenti yochepa kuti athe kuyesedwa ngati akugwirizana ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi chiwerewere, manyazi, chiyero, kapena kufooka kwa khalidwe. Masiku ano, chiwerengero cha syphilis pakati pa aAfrika America ndi pafupifupi kasanu ndi chiwerengero cha anthu oyera, makamaka chifukwa cha maganizo amenewa.
Palibe zaka kapena mafuko omwe angathe kuthawa mafunde opatsirana a syphilis ku United States. Mu 2000, milandu yosakwana 6,000 ya syphilis yapachiyambi kapena yachiwiri inanenedwa (kapena 2.1 milandu kwa anthu 100,000); pofika mu 2016, chiwerengero chimenecho chinawonjezeka kufika pa 27,000 (kapena milandu eyiti pa 100,000).
Mpaka malingaliro awa ndi makhalidwe oyesera asinthidwa, chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda chikhoza kuyembekezeka kuwuka. Onetsetsani nokha za chiopsezo chanu ndipo chitani zomwe mungathe kuti muteteze.
> Zotsatira:
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. 2016 Matenda opatsirana pogonana: Syphilis. Atlanta, Georgia; zasinthidwa pa September 26, 2017.
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. STD & HIV Screening Recommendations. https://www.cdc.gov/std/prevention/screeningreccs.htm
> Copen, C. Kondomu Kugwiritsa Ntchito Pogonana Amuna ndi Amuna Omwe Anakhalapo 15-44 ku United States: Kafukufuku Wadziko lonse wa 2011-2015. Nat Health Statis Rep. 2017; 105: 1-16.
> Morris, J ;; Lippman, S .; Philip, S. ndi al. Matenda opatsirana pogonana Amatsutsana ndi Zisokonezo ndi Zamanyazi Pakati pa Achinyamata Achimuna a ku America a ku America: Zotsatira za Zochita Zoyesera, Kuyanjana ndi Akazi, ndi Chithandizo. Edzi Odwala Odwala STDS. 2014 Sep 1; 28 (9): 499-506. DOI: 10.1089 / apc.2013.0316.
> Stahlman, S .; Chomera, A .; Javanbakht, M. et al. Zolandiridwa Zovomerezeka Zowononga Kujambula kwa Chisudzo Pakati pa Amuna Oopsa Amuna Ogonana ndi Amuna ku Los Angeles. Am J Public Health. 2015 March; 105 (3): e88-e94. DOI: 10.2105 / AJPH.2014.302412.