Kupenda mitundu, zizindikiro, matenda ndi zina
Thalassemia ndi matenda a hemoglobini omwe amachititsa magazi m'thupi . Hemolysis ndi nthawi yofotokozera kuwonongedwa kwa maselo ofiira a magazi. Kwa akuluakulu, hemoglobin imapangidwa ndi unyolo anayi-maunyolo awiri a alpha ndi maunyolo awiri a beta.
Mu thalassemia simungathe kupanga maunyolo a alpha kapena beta mokwanira kupanga mafupa anu osakhoza kupanga maselo ofiira oyenera.
Maselo ofiira ofiira awonongedwa.
Kodi Pali Mtundu Wambiri wa Thalassemia?
Inde, pali mitundu yambiri ya thalassemia, kuphatikizapo:
- Beta thalassemia intermedia
- Beta wamkulu wa thalassemia (wodalira kuika magazi)
- Matenda a Hemoglobin H (mawonekedwe a alpha thalassemia)
- Hemoglobin H-Constant Spring (mtundu wa alpha thalassemia, wochuluka kwambiri kuposa Hemoglobini H)
- Hemoglobin E-beta thalassemia
Ndi Zizindikiro Ziti za Thalassemia?
Zizindikiro za thalassemia zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Zizindikiro zina zimagwirizana ndi hemolysis ndi fupa la mafupa limasintha.
- Kutopa kapena kutopa
- Khungu loyera kapena wotumbululuka
- Khungu la khungu (jaundice) kapena maso (scleral icterus) - bilirubin (pigment) imamasulidwa ku maselo ofiira ofiira akawonongedwa
- Mphuno yotambasula (splenomegaly) - pamene mafupa sangathe kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi, amagwiritsira ntchito mpeni kuti apange maselo ofiira ambiri
- Thalassemic facies - chifukwa cha hemolysis mu thalassemia, mafupa (malo omwe maselo amagazi amapangidwira) amapita kuntchito yambiri. Izi zimachititsa kuti mafupa a nkhope ayambe kufalikira (makamaka pamphumi ndi m'mafupa mafupa). Vutoli likhoza kutetezedwa ndi mankhwala oyenera.
Kodi Thalassemia Apezeka Bwanji?
Ku United States kawirikawiri odwala odwala kwambiri amawapeza kudzera pulogalamu yowonongeka . Odwala okhudzidwa angaperekedwe pa mbadwo wotsatira pamene kuchepa kwa magazi kukudziwika pa kuchuluka kwa magazi (CBC). Thalassemia imayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (low hemoglobin) ndi microcytosis (yotsika mtengo ).
Kuyesa kutsimikiziridwa kumatchedwa ntchito ya hemoglobinopathy kapena hemoglobin electrophoresis. Kuyezetsa uku kumafotokoza mitundu ya hemoglobini yomwe muli nayo. Kwa munthu wamkulu wopanda thalassemia, muyenera kuwona hemoglobin A ndi A2 (wamkulu). Mu beta thalassemia intermedia ndi yaikulu, muli ndi kukwera kwa hemoglobin F (fetal), kukwera kwa hemoglobin A2 ndi kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin A yomwe inapangidwa. Matenda a Alpha Thalassemia amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa hemoglobin H (kuphatikizapo 4 mabetani m'malo mwa 2 alpha ndi 2 beta). Ngati mayeserowa akusokoneza, mayesero amtunduwu akhoza kutumizidwa kuti atsimikizidwe.
Ndani Ali Pangozi ku Thalassemia?
Thalassemia ndi mkhalidwe wobadwa nawo. Ngati makolo onse ali ndi khalidwe la alpha thalassemia kapena beta thalassemia, ali ndi mwayi umodzi wokhala ndi mwana ndi matenda a thalassemia. Munthu amabadwa ndi matenda a thalassemia kapena matenda a thalassemia-izi sizingasinthe. Ngati muli ndi khalidwe la thalassemia, muyenera kulingalira kuti mnzanuyo ayesedwe musanakhale ndi ana kuti aone ngati muli ndi mwana ndi thalassemia.
Kodi Thalassemia Amachitiridwa Bwanji?
Njira zochiritsira zimadalira kukula kwa magazi m'thupi:
- Yang'anani mwatsatanetsatane: Ngati kuchepa kwa magazi kumakhala kofatsa komanso kosalekeza-dokotala wanu angakuwoneni nthawi zonse kuti ayang'ane kuchuluka kwanu kwa magazi.
- Mankhwala: Mankhwala monga hydroxyurea, omwe amachititsa kuti mupange fetelementi ya fetus hemoglobin, agwiritsidwa ntchito mu thalassemia ndi zotsatira zosiyana.
- Kuika magazi: Ngati magazi anu ali oopsa ndipo akuyambitsa mavuto (mwachitsanzo, chofunika kwambiri cha sphalaomegaly, thalassemic facies), mukhoza kuikidwa pulogalamu yowonjezera. Mudzapatsidwa magazi pamasabata atatu kapena anayi kuti muthe mafupa anu apange maselo ofiira ochepa.
- Kujambula kwa mafupa (kapena stem cell): Kuwedza kungakhale kochepetsera. Zotsatira zabwino zili ndi ophatikiza abale omwe akugwirizana nawo. Mchimwene wathunthu ali ndi mwayi umodzi potsutsana ndi mbale wina.
- Iron chelation: Odwala omwe amalandira magazi aakulu amapeza chitsulo chochuluka kuchokera ku magazi (chitsulo chimapezeka mkati mwa maselo ofiira a magazi). Kuwonjezera pamenepo, anthu okhala ndi thalassemia amamwa magazi ochuluka kuchokera ku zakudya zawo. Matendawa amatchedwa iron overload kapena hemochromatosis amachititsa kuti chitsulo chiziikidwa m'magulu ena a chiwindi, mtima, ndi ziphuphu, zomwe zingawononge ziwalo zimenezi. Izi zikhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala otchedwa iron chelators omwe amathandiza thupi lanu kuchotsa chitsulo chowonjezera.