Sickle-cell disease (SCD) ndi mtundu wobadwa nawo wa magazi m'thupi momwe maselo ofiira a m'magazi amasintha kuchokera kumtundu wofanana (wofanana ndi donut) mawonekedwe aatali ngati chikwakwa kapena nthochi. Maselo ofiira amagazi amenewa ali ndi vuto loyenda m'mitsempha ya magazi ndipo amatha kukanika. Thupi limazindikira maselo ofiirawa kuti ndi achilendo ndipo amawawononga mofulumira kuposa momwe amachitira chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.
Kodi Wina Amapeza Bwanji SCD?
Matenda-selo-selo amachotsedwa, choncho munthu amabadwa nawo. Kuti munthu adzalandire SCD, makolo onse ayenera kukhala ndi khalidwe lachilakolako. Mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya SCD, kholo limodzi liri ndi khalidwe loipa ndipo kholo lina liri ndi hemoglobin C khalidwe kapena beta thalassemia khalidwe. Makolo onse awiri ali ndi khalidwe labwino (ali ndi khalidwe lina), amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi mwana ndi SCD. Mavutowa amapezeka mimba iliyonse.
Mitundu ya Matenda-Matenda a Cell
Mtundu wambiri wodwala-selo wodwala umatchedwa hemoglobin SS. Mitundu ina yaikulu ndi: hemoglobin SC, sickle beta zero thalassemia, ndi sickle beta kuphatikizapo thalassemia. Hemoglobin SS ndi tizilombo ta talassemia ndi mitundu yoopsa kwambiri ya matenda a khungu ndipo nthawi zina imatchedwa sickle cell anemia. Matenda a Hemoglobin SC amaonedwa kuti ndi ofanana komanso ambiri, sickle beta kuphatikizapo thalassemia ndi mtundu wofatsa kwambiri wa sickle-cell.
Kodi Anthu Amadziwika Bwanji ndi Matenda-Matenda a Chilombo?
Ku United States, ana onse omwe amabadwa akuyesedwa kwa SCD posachedwa kubadwa monga gawo la pulogalamu yowonongeka . Ngati zotsatirazo zili zabwino kwa SCD, dokotala wa ana kapena chipinda chokhala ndi ngodya chakumudzi akudziwitsidwa zotsatira zomwe wodwalayo angawoneke mu chipatala cha ngodya.
M'mayiko omwe sapanga kuyesa kuyesa, anthu amapezeka kuti ali ndi SCD ngati ana pamene ayamba kuwona zizindikiro.
Zizindikiro za SCD
Chifukwa SCD ndi matenda a maselo ofiira a thupi lonse thupi lonse lingakhudzidwe.
Ululu: Pamene maselo ofiira odwala amagawidwa mumagazi amagazi, magazi sangathe kuyenda kudera la fupa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mpweya usapite kumadera amenewa ndi ululu.
Matendawa : Chifukwa nthenda (chiwalo cha chitetezo cha mthupi) sichigwira ntchito bwino, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda odwala-selo ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda akuluakulu a bakiteriya. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ana aang'ono omwe ali ndi matenda odwala-maselo amatenga penicillin kawiri tsiku lililonse.
Kukwapulidwa : Ngati maselo ofiira odwala amagawidwa m'magazi amagazi mu ubongo, gawo la ubongo silingapeze mpweya umene umayambitsa sitiroko. Izi zingawonongeke ngati nkhope yofooka, kufooka kwa mikono kapena miyendo, kapena kuvutika ndi kulankhula. Sitiroko ikhoza kuchitika kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda odwala-selo ndi ofanana ndi achikulire omwe ali ndi vutoli, izi ndizodzidzidzi mwachipatala.
Kutopa (kapena kutopa): Chifukwa chakuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a ngodya ali ndi nthendayi, amatha kuchepa mphamvu kapena kutopa.
Mitsinje : Pamene maselo ofiira aphulika (otchedwa hemolysis) mu matenda a khungu, amamasula bilirubin. Izi zimamangidwa ndi bilirubin zimatha kutsogolera chitukuko cha gallstones.
Zosangalatsa : Ngati maselo a ngodya alowa m'kati mwa mbolo, izi zimapangitsa kukhumudwa, kosafuna kuwatcha kuti priapism.
Kuchiza kwa SCD
Penicillin : Kawiri patsiku, penicillin imayambitsidwa posachedwa ataphunzira (nthawi zambiri pasanafike miyezi iwiri). Kutenga penicillin kawiri tsiku lililonse mpaka zaka zisanu zatsimikiziridwa kuti kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda akuluakulu a bakiteriya.
Katemera : Katemera akhoza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda akuluakulu a bakiteriya.
Kuika magazi : Kuikidwa magazi kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto enaake a matenda odwala-maselo monga matenda aakulu a magazi kapena matenda a chifuwa, chifuwa cha mapapo. Komanso odwala omwe ali ndi matenda odwala-cell-cell amene adwalapo kapena omwe ali pachiopsezo chotenga sitiroko amapatsidwa magazi pamwezi uliwonse kuti athetse mavuto ena.
Hydroxyurea : Hydroxyurea ndi mankhwala okhawo a FDA omwe amavomereza kuti azichiza matenda a ngodya. Hydroxyurea yatsimikiziridwa kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi mavuto a matenda odwala-selo monga ululu ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha chifuwa.
Kusakaniza mafupa a mafupa : Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mafupa a mafupa ndi njira yokhayo yothandizira matenda a ngodya. Kupambana kwakukulu kwa mankhwalawa kumabwera pamene wachibale wofanana akutha kupereka zopatsa maselo.