Momwe majekesiti amathandizira pa chithandizo cha matenda a magulu a matenda

Kubwereza za Katemera ndi Matenda a Chilombo

Mavitamini mwina siomwe mumaganizira mukamaganizira za mankhwala. Mwinamwake ndiyomwe mumayanjana ndi ana aang'ono omwe ali pachiopsezo chotenga matenda. Pali zifukwa zingapo zamankhwala komwe katemera wa nthawi yake ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chisamaliro. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a sickle ali pa chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda ndi katemera ndi mbali yofunikira kwambiri yodzala kwathunthu maselo osungira selo.

N'chifukwa Chiyani Anthu Amene Akudwala Matenda a Kachilombo Amatha Kudwala Matenda?

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a sickle cell amayamba kuwonongeka kwa thupi mu chaka choyamba cha moyo. Chimodzi mwa ziwalo zoyamba kugwidwa ndi nthata. Nkhumba ndi chiwalo chaling'ono kumbali ya kumanzere kwa mimba pansi pa nthiti. Nthendayi imatsanulira magazi ndikuchotsa maselo ofiira akale ndi oonongeka.

Nkhumba ndiyenso mbali yofunikira ya chitetezo chathu cha mthupi. Amagwira ntchito ziwiri zofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu: kutulutsa mabakiteriya (makamaka mabakiteriya omwe amatchedwa mabakiteriya omwe ali nawo) ndi kupanga ma lymphocytes, maselo oyera a magazi omwe amathandiza kupanga ma antibodies kuti atenge matenda kapena katemera.

Maselo ofiira a m'magazi amafunika kupyola kudera laling'ono. Pamene maselo ofiira amagawira mu mpeni, amawononga nthenda. Kuwonongeka uku kumachitika mobwerezabwereza ndipo mwa anthu okhala ndi matenda aakulu a ngodya, mpeni ntchito imatayika asanakwanitse zaka zisanu.

Kutayika kwa splenic ntchito kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda.

Kodi Mabakiteriya Ayenera Kuchita Chiyani Anthu Amene Akudwala Matenda Aakulu Ali Ndi Matenda?

1. Streptococcus pneumoniae : Mabakiteriyawa ndi omwe amachititsa chibayo kwa ana ndi akulu. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ikhoza kuyambitsa matenda a meningitis (matenda a chigawo cha ubongo), bacactia (matenda a bakiteriya a magazi) kapena sepsis (matenda a magazi omwe amachititsa kuti munthu ayambe kuvuta kwambiri).

1. Neisseria meningitidis : Mabakiteriya amenewa ndi nambala imodzi ya bakiteriya meningitis kwa ana ndi akuluakulu. Ikhoza kuyambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena sepsis.
2. Haemophilus influenzae mtundu b : Asanayambe katemera, mabakiteriyawa anali akutsogolera chifukwa cha meningitis. Sitiyenera kusokonezeka ndi kachilombo ka nthenda.
3. Fluenza : Kutupa ndi kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa matenda opuma. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a sickle cell amene amayamba ndi matenda ndi chimfine amakhala ovomerezeka kuchipatala. Kuwonjezera apo, matenda a chimfine angayambitse mavuto a mapapu monga matenda aakulu a chifuwa.

Katemera wa Munthu Amene Ali ndi Matenda a Chilombo cha Matenda

1. Matenda a pneumococcal. Katemerawa amateteza matenda opatsirana ndi Streptococcus pneumonia. Mndandanda woyamba umaperekedwa kwa ana onse (2, 4, 6, ndi 12-15 miyezi). Amatchedwa Prevnar 13 kapena PCV13. Ana omwe ali ndi matenda a sickle ayenera kulandira Pneumovax (kapena PPSV23) ali ndi zaka 2 ndi mlingo wachiwiri zaka zisanu kenako.
2. Maningococcal immunizations. Ana onse amatetezedwa ndi Neisseria meningitidis koma ana omwe ali ndi matenda a ngodya amalandira katemerawa kale. Pali njira ziwiri zothandizira katemera: monga gawo la katemera wathanzi (mazira anayi pa 2, 4, 6, ndi 12 -15 miyezi), kapena pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri (miyezi iwiri). Katemera uwu amatchedwa Menveo kapena Menactra (MCV4). Katemerayu amafunika kukuthandizira kwambiri moyo wanu wonse. Mu 2016, katemera wa mtundu wa meningococcus B anawonjezeredwa ku zifukwazo ndipo angaperekedwe ngati mndandanda wa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu kuyambira pa zaka 10.

1. Haemophilus influenzae mtundu b. Katemera wa Haemophilus ndi gawo la katemera wa m'chaka choyamba cha moyo (mlingo wazinayi). Katemera uwu amatchedwa Hib ndipo akhoza kuperekedwa pamodzi ndi katemera wina.
2. Influenza. Katemera ndi nthendayi ya chaka chirimbikitsidwa kwa anthu okhala ndi matenda a sickle cell. Katemera wa chimfine angaperekedwe pachaka kuyambira pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Nthawi yoyamba munthu wosapitirira zaka zisanu ndi zitatu atalandira katemera wa chiwindi, mlingo umodzi umayenera (osachepera masabata anayi). Pambuyo pake, mlingo umodzi wokha umafunika chaka chilichonse. Katemerayu amasinthidwa chaka chilichonse choncho ayenera kuperekedwa chaka chilichonse. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti nyengo ya chimfine ikuyenda kuyambira mu October mpaka March. Ngati mumalandira katemera wanu wa chiwindi mu January, mungafunike wina pambuyo pa Oktoba kuti mutseke nyengo yatsopano ya chimfine.

Matendawa amveka owopsya, koma mwatsoka, katemerawa watsika kwambiri. Kuwonjezera apo, penicillin amaperekedwa kwa ana okhala ndi matenda a sickle cell kuyambira kubadwa mpaka zaka zisanu kuti ateteze matenda a bakiteriya. Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena nkhawa zokhudza katemerayu, chonde lembani ndi dokotala wanu.

> Zotsatira:

> Ndondomeko za Katemera wa CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/child-adolescent.html

> Field JJ, Vichinsky EP ndi DeBaun MR. Zowona za kasamalidwe ka matenda a sickle cell. Mu: UpToDate, Post TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, WA. (Idapezeka pa August 19, 2016.)